Anatomy Chapter 17 & 18- Test 2

Which of the following statements about erythropoietin is true? A. It facilitates the proliferation and differentiation of the erythrocyte lineage. B. It is a hormone produced by the thyroid gland. C. It is a hemopoietic growth factor that prompts lymphoid stem cells to leave the bone marrow. D. Both a and b are true.

A. It facilitates the proliferation and differentiation of the erythrocyte lineage

Which of the following statements about mature, circulating erythrocytes is true? A. They have no nucleus. B. They are packed with mitochondria. C. They survive for an average of 4 days. D. All of the above

A. They have no nucleus

What secretory cell type is found in the adrenal medulla? A. chromaffin cells B. neuroglial cells C. follicle cells D. oxyphil cells

A. chromaffin cells

Which of the following hormones contributes to the regulation of the body's fluid and electrolyte balance? A. adrenocorticotropic hormone B. antidiuretic hormone C. luteinizing hormone D. all of the above

B. Antidiuretic hormone

The walls of the atria produce which hormone? A. cholecystokinin B. atrial natriuretic peptide C. renin D. calcitriol

B. Atrial natriuretic peptide

The production of melatonin is inhibited by ________. A. declining levels of light B. exposure to bright light C. the secretion of serotonin D. the activity of pinealocytes

B. Exposure to bright light

Which of the following can result from hyperparathyroidism? A. increased bone deposition B. fractures C. convulsions D. all of the above

B. Fractures

Which of the following statements about albumin is true? A. It draws water out of the blood vessels and into the body's tissues. B. It is the most abundant plasma protein. C. It is produced by specialized leukocytes called plasma cells. D. All of the above are true.

B. It is the most abundant plasma protein

The hypothalamus is functionally and anatomically connected to the posterior pituitary lobe by a bridge of ________. A. blood vessels B. nerve axons C. cartilage D. bone

B. Nerve axons

Chemical signaling that affects neighboring cells is called ________. A. autocrine B. paracrine C. endocrine D. neuron

B. Paracrine

What cells secrete melatonin? A. melanocytes B. pinealocytes C. suprachiasmatic nucleus cells D. retinal cells

B. Pinealocytes

Which of the following describes a neutrophil? A. abundant, agranular, especially effective against cancer cells B. abundant, granular, especially effective against bacteria C. rare, agranular, releases antimicrobial defensins D. rare, granular, contains multiple granules packed with histamine

B. abundant, granular, especially effective against bacteria

T and B lymphocytes ________. A. are polymorphonuclear B. are involved with specific immune function C. proliferate excessively in leukopenia D. are most active against parasitic worms

B. are involved with specific immune function

In the elderly, decreased thyroid function causes ________. A. increased tolerance for cold B. decreased basal metabolic rate C. decreased body fat D. osteoporosis

B. decreased basal metabolic rate

Iodide ions cross from the bloodstream into follicle cells via ________. A. simple diffusion B. facilitated diffusion C. active transport D. osmosis

C. Active transport

A molecule of hemoglobin ________. A. is shaped like a biconcave disk packed almost entirely with iron B. contains four glycoprotein units studded with oxygen C. consists of four globin proteins, each bound to a molecule of heme D. can carry up to 120 molecules of oxygen

C. Consists of four globin proteins, each bound to a molecule of heme.

The process by which leukocytes squeeze through adjacent cells in a blood vessel wall is called ________. A. leukocytosis B. positive chemotaxis C. emigration D. cytoplasmic extending

C. Emigration

The adrenal glands are attached superiorly to which organ? A. thyroid B. liver C. kidneys D. hypothalamus

C. Kidneys

A student is in a car accident, and although not hurt, immediately experiences pupil dilation, increased heart rate, and rapid breathing. What type of endocrine system stimulus did the student receive? A. humoral B. hormonal C. neural D. positive feedback

C. Neural

Which of the following is an anterior pituitary hormone? A. ADH B. oxytocin C. TSH D. cortisol

C. TSH

Prothrombin is converted to thrombin during the ________. A. intrinsic pathway B. extrinsic pathway C. common pathway D. formation of the platelet plug

C. common pathway

Interleukins are associated primarily with which of the following? A. production of various lymphocytes B. immune responses C. inflammation D. all of the above

D. All of the above

If an autoimmune disorder targets the alpha cells, production of which hormone would be directly affected? A. somatostatin B. pancreatic polypeptide C. insulin D. glucagon

D. Glucagon

A patient has been suffering for 2 months with a chronic, watery diarrhea. A blood test is likely to reveal ________. A. a hematocrit below 30 percent B. hypoxemia C. anemia D. polycythemia

D. Polycythemia

When blood calcium levels are low, PTH stimulates ________. A. urinary excretion of calcium by the kidneys B. a reduction in calcium absorption from the intestines C. the activity of osteoblasts D. the activity of osteoclasts

D. The activity of OSTEOCLASTS

Hemolytic disease of the newborn is a risk during a subsequent pregnancy in which ________. A. a type AB mother is carrying a type O fetus B. a type O mother is carrying a type AB fetus C. an Rh+ mother is carrying an Rh− fetus D. an Rh− mother is carrying a second Rh+ fetus

D. an Rh- mother is carrying a second Rh+ fetus

The production of FSH by the anterior pituitary is reduced by which hormone? A. estrogens B. progesterone C. relaxin D. inhibin

D. inhibin

Thrombocytes are more accurately called ________. A. clotting factors B. megakaryoblasts C. megakaryocytes D. platelets

D. platelets

How many hormones are produced by the posterior pituitary? A. 0 B. 1 C. 2 D. 6

A. 0

A patient has been experiencing severe, persistent allergy symptoms that are reduced when she takes an antihistamine. Before the treatment, this patient was likely to have had increased activity of which leukocyte? A. basophils B. neutrophils C. monocytes D. natural killer cells

A. Basophils

Hormones produced by the thymus play a role in the ________. A. development of T cells B. preparation of the body for childbirth C. regulation of appetite D. release of hydrochloric acid in the stomach

A. development of T cells

The anterior pituitary gland develops from which embryonic germ layer? A. oral ectoderm B. neural ectoderm C. mesoderm D. endoderm

A. oral ectoderm

The function of the placental hormone human placental lactogen (hPL) is to ________. A. prepare the breasts for lactation B. nourish the placenta C. regulate the menstrual cycle D. all of the above

A. prepare the breasts for lactation

The first step in hemostasis is ________. A. vascular spasm B. conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin C. activation of the intrinsic pathway D. activation of the common pathway

A. vascular spasm

A small molecule binds to a G protein, preventing its activation. What direct effect will this have on signaling that involves cAMP? A. The hormone will not be able to bind to the hormone receptor. B. Adenylyl cyclase will not be activated. C. Excessive quantities of cAMP will be produced. D. The phosphorylation cascade will be initiated.

B. Adenyly cyclase will not be activated.

Hemophilia is characterized by ________. A. inadequate production of heparin B. inadequate production of clotting factors C. excessive production of fibrinogen D. excessive production of platelets

B. Inadequate production of clotting factors

Which of the following statements about insulin is true? A. Insulin acts as a transport protein, carrying glucose across the cell membrane. B. Insulin facilitates the movement of intracellular glucose transporters to the cell membrane. C. Insulin stimulates the breakdown of stored glycogen into glucose. D. Insulin stimulates the kidneys to reabsorb glucose into the bloodstream.

B. Insulin facilitates the movement of intracellular glucose transporters to the cell membrane.

The secretion of thyroid hormones is controlled by ________. A. TSH from the hypothalamus B. TSH from the anterior pituitary C. thyroxine from the anterior pituitary D. thyroglobulin from the thyroid's parafollicular cells

B. TSH from the anterior pituitary

A newly developed pesticide has been observed to bind to an intracellular hormone receptor. If ingested, residue from this pesticide could disrupt levels of ________. A. melatonin B. thyroid hormone C. growth hormone D. insulin

B. Thyroid Hormone

Cushing's disease is a disorder caused by ________. A. abnormally low levels of cortisol B. abnormally high levels of cortisol C. abnormally low levels of aldosterone D. abnormally high levels of aldosterone

B. abnormally high levels of cortisol

People with ABO blood type O ________. A. have both antigens A and B on their erythrocytes B. lack both antigens A and B on their erythrocytes C. have neither anti-A nor anti-B antibodies circulating in their blood plasma D. are considered universal recipients

B. lack both antigens A and B on their erythrocytes

Which of the following statements about blood is true? A. Blood is about 92 percent water. B. Blood is slightly more acidic than water. C. Blood is slightly more viscous than water. D. Blood is slightly more salty than seawater.

C. Blood is slightly more viscous than water

Endocrine glands ________. A.secrete hormones that travel through a duct to the target organs B. release neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft C. secrete chemical messengers that travel in the bloodstream D. include sebaceous glands and sweat glands

C. Secrete chemical messengers that travel in the bloodstream

The development of a goiter indicates that ________. A. the anterior pituitary is abnormally enlarged B. there is hypertrophy of the thyroid's follicle cells C. there is an excessive accumulation of colloid in the thyroid follicles D. the anterior pituitary is secreting excessive growth hormone

C. There is an excessive accumulation of colloid in the thyroid follicles

The process in which antibodies attach to antigens, causing the formation of masses of linked cells, is called ________. A. sensitization B. coagulation C. agglutination D. hemolysis

C. agglutination

Athletes may take synthetic EPO to boost their ________. A. blood calcium levels B. secretion of growth hormone C. blood oxygen levels D. muscle mass

C. blood oxygen levels

Aging and damaged erythrocytes are removed from the circulation by ________. A. myeoblasts B. monocytes C. macrophages D. mast cells

C. macrophages

Which of the formed elements arise from myeloid stem cells? A. B cells B. natural killer cells C. platelets D. all of the above

C. platelets

The gonads produce what class of hormones? A. amine hormones B. peptide hormones C. steroid hormones D. catecholamines

C. steroid hormones

Which of the following statements about the thyroid gland is true? A. It is located anterior to the trachea and inferior to the larynx. B. The parathyroid glands are embedded within it. C. It manufactures three hormones. D. all of the above

D. All of the above.

The production of healthy erythrocytes depends upon the availability of ________. A. copper B. zinc C. vitamin B12 D. copper, zinc, and vitamin B12

D. copper, zinc, and vitamin B12

Which of the following plasma proteins is not produced by the liver? A. fibrinogen B. alpha globulin C. beta globulin D. immunoglobulin

D. immunoglobulin

The end result of the RAAS is to ________. A. reduce blood volume B. increase blood glucose C. reduce blood pressure D. increase blood pressure

D. increase blood pressure

Which of the following responses is not part of the fight-or-flight response? A. pupil dilation B. increased oxygen supply to the lungs C. suppressed digestion D. reduced mental activity

D. reduced mental activity