Anatomy Chapter 3
The following is a list of the steps involved in the process of secretion by the Golgi apparatus. 1. Material moves from cisterna to cisterna by means of transfer vesicles. 2. Exocytosis. 3. Products from RER are packaged into transport vesicles. 4. Secretory vesicles are formed at the trans face. 5. Vesicles arrive at the cis face. 6. Enzymes modify arriving proteins and glycoproteins. What is the proper order for these steps?
3, 5, 6, 1, 4, 2
The anticodon for the triplet UCA is
AGU
The mRNA sequence that is complementary to the sequence ATC on DNA is
ATC
The endoplasmic reticulum is not responsible for ________ synthesis.
ATP
________ is the process of duplicating chromosomes prior to cell division.
DNA replication
Chromosomes consist of ________ and ________.
DNA; proteins
________ is when a vesicle fuses to the plasma membrane and discharges its contents to the extracellular environment.
Exocytosis
Which of the following is correct regarding cytoplasm?
It contains cytosol and organelles.
The enzyme ________ is required for the synthesis of mRNA.
RNA polymerase
What is the term for rRNA?
Ribosomal ribonucleic acid
A process that requires cellular energy to move a substance against its concentration gradient is called
active transport.
The genetically programmed death of cells is called
apoptosis
A mature red blood cell lacks a nucleus. Thus, it
cannot make new proteins and will be worn out within a few months.
Some cells contain large numbers of mitochondria while others have relatively few or none. This suggests that
cells with large numbers of mitochondria have a high energy demand.
The cylindrical shaped organelle with nine groups of microtubule triplets is called
centrioles
Water molecules and small ions enter a cell through
channels formed by integral proteins.
The complex structures of DNA and protein found in the cell nucleus are
chromosomes
A unit in messenger RNA consisting of a set of three consecutive nucleotides is termed a(n)
codon
The physical process by which a single animal cell separates into two cells is called
cytokinesis.
The movement of oxygen from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration is an example of
diffusion
The intake of small membrane vesicles from the extracellular fluid is called
endocytosis
Two types of vesicular transport are
endocytosis and exocytosis.
The process by which molecules such as glucose are moved into cells along their concentration gradient with the help of membrane-bound carrier proteins is called
facilitated diffusion
Stacks of cisternae that store, alter, and package synthesized products are called
golgi apparatus
"Spikes" form on a dehydrating blood cell when it is placed in a(n) ________ solution.
hypertonic
A solution that contains a lower osmotic pressure than the cytoplasm of a cell is called
hypotonic
The skin swells and puckers during a long bath. This suggests that bath water is a(n) ________ fluid.
hypotonic
The stage in a cell's life cycle in which the cell performs its normal functions and prepares for division is called
interphase
If a cell lacked the enzyme DNA polymerase, it could not
link segments of DNA together
Which cellular structure is responsible for cell autolysis?
lysosome
Which of the following organelles damages pathogens?
lysosomes
What is the term for mRNA?
messenger ribonucleic acid
Endocytosis is a
method for transporting substances into the cell.
________ increase surface area to facilitate absorption of extracellular materials.
microvilli
Which of the following organelles produces 95% of cell ATP?
mitochondria
The proper distribution of a cell's genetic material to two daughter cells is accomplished by the process of
mitosis
Specific proteins are manufactured through the interaction of ________ and ________.
multiple enzymes; three types of RNA
Which organelle is most prominent in cells that make large amounts of protein?
nucleus
Which organelle is visible under light microscope?
nucleus
The ________ of a membrane indicates how easy it is for substances to cross.
permeability
Channels
permit the passage of water and small solutes.
Which of the following organelles neutralizes toxic compound during cell metabolism?
peroxisome
A defense cell engulfing a bacterium illustrates
phagocytosis
mRNA is needed to synthesize ________ in the cytoplasm.
proteins
Which of the following organelles has ribosomes bound to its membrane?
rough endoplasmic reticulum
Which organelle synthesizes lipids and carbohydrates?
rough endoplasmic reticulum
Cell membranes are said to be ________ because they allow some substances to pass but not others.
selectively permeable
Which form of endoplasmic reticulum modifies and packages newly synthesized proteins?
smooth endoplasmic reticulum
In order to maintain cellular homeostasis, an exchange pump ejects ________ ions from the cell and imports ________ ions.
sodium; potassium
The principal cations in our body fluids are ________ and ________.
sodium; potassium
Special cells called ________ cells maintain tissues by unending cycles of cell division.
stem
During this phase of cell division, the chromosomes uncoil, the nuclear membrane forms, and cytokinesis occurs.
telophase
When a protein-releasing factor recognize a stop codon, the process is called
termination
If the concentration of sodium chloride in the interstitial fluid surrounding cells decreases and the concentration of other solutes remains constant,
the cells will swell
Which one of the following best defines differentiation?
the process of gradual structural and functional specialization of daughter cells
Facilitated diffusion differs from ordinary diffusion in that Group of answer choices
the rate of molecular movement is limited by the number of available carrier molecules.
The process of forming mRNA is called
transcription
Term for tRNA
transfer ribonucleic acid
Channels
transport solutes across plasma membrane.
