Anatomy Chapter 3 Test Review

Pinocytosis

A form of endocytosis where a cell engulfs liquid into the cell. (cell drinking)

filtration

A process that separates materials based on the size of their particles (the use of hydrostatic pressure to force substances through a membrane)

Phagocytosis

A type of endocytosis in which a cell engulfs large particles or whole cells (cell eating)

Receptor Mediated

A type of endocytosis in which the cell acquires bulk quantities of specific substances, even though they may not be very concentrated in the extracellular fluid.

isotonic

Having the same solute concentration as another solution (no net change)

What is osmosis

a special case of diffusion in which water moves from an area of greater concentration (less osmotic pressure) across a selectively permeable membrane to an area of lower water concentration (greater osmotic pressure)

Solutes move against the concentration gradient, therefore energy is needed.

active transport

define osmosis

diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane

Diffusion = ___________ a concentration gradient (no energy)

down

Diffusion involves the movement of molecules from an area of ___________ concentration to one___________ concentration until equilibrium is reached

greater, lesser

passive transport has a ________ to ________ concentration gradient

high to low concentration gradient

higher osmotic pressure

hypertonic (water will move out of the cell)

lower osmotic pressure

hypotonic (water will move into the cell)

What is the function of the cell membrane

it regulates the movement of substances on and out of the cell

which organ filters the blood and gets rid of waste materials

kidney

What are the three main components of the cell membrane

lipids, proteins, carbohydrates

Endocytosis (into)

molecules that are too large to enter the cell by diffusion or active transport, are conveyed (carried) in a vesicle that forms from a portion of the cell membrane

When a cell is placed in a hypertonic (more concentrated) solution, the water will

move from the inside of the cell to the solution

When a cell is placed in a hypotonic solution (less concentrated), water

moves from the solution to the inside of the cell

Does passive transport require energy

no energy required

faciliated diffusion

no energy required

lipid tail

non-polar (hydrophobic)

Where is DNA located

nucleus

ability of osmosis to lift a volume of water

osmotic pressure

phosphate head

polar, hydrophilic (water loving)

Which molecule in the cell membrane is involved in transporting large molecules across the cell membrane

protein

facilitated diffusion uses membrane ___________ that function as __________ to move molecules like glucose across the cell membrane

proteins, carriers

A type membrane protein that can pump one substance in one direction, while transporting another substance in the opposite direction.

pump transport

Exocytosis (out)

reverse of endocytosis, molecules are transported out of cell

In a saltwater solution, salt is considered the _______.

solute

what is the role of cholesterol

stabilizes the membrane

Endocytosis and exocytosis

types of active transport

Active Transport

uses ATP to move molecules from areas of low concentration to areas of high concentration (AGAINST concentration gradient)

What type of organelle is used during endocytosis and exocytosis?

vesicle

What is lysis

when a cell bursts and will eventually die

facilitated diffusion

when cells use a carrier protein to move substances in and out

capilaries

when veins and artery's meet

glycoprotein is another name for

carbohydrates

proteins

carriers, receptors, pores

hypertonic

cells shrink, water moves out of the cell

hypotonic

cells swell because the water moves into the cell (water wants to move where there is more solute)

Which molecule provides stability to the cell membrane?

cholestrol

What are the 3 major parts of the cell

cytoplasm, nucleus, plasma (cell) membrane (semipermeable)