Anatomy Chapter 4 Test

What 2 hormones cause a rapid growth spurt in a child followed by no more growth? (growth in length of the bone)

Estrogen and testosterone cause a rapid growth spurt.

True or false: A bone is completely repaired by the time a cast is removed.

False.

True or false: A bone that has been broken before is more apt to break for the rest of that person's life.

False.

True or false: Once adulthood is reached, bones cannot grow anymore.

False.

Name one thing that would increase bone mass, and one that would decrease bone mass.

Not exercising and being bedridden would be a decrease. Exercising and gaining weight would increase bone mass.

List 3 types of bone cells and the function of each.

Osteoblasts (bone forming cells) - They secrete osteoid, which forms the bone matrix. . Osteocytes - Maintains metabolism, and participates in nutrient/waste exchange via blood. Osteoclasts - These function in resorption and degradation of existing bone, the opposite of osteoblasts.

By means of what structure do osteocytes communicate with one another?

Osteocytes communicate through Canaliculi

True or false: Bones are used for storage of calcium.

True.

True or false: Collagen keeps bones from being too brittle.

True.

True or false: Hydroxyapatite and calcium minerals keep bones from being too flexible.

True.

Name 3 reasons bone must be continually remodeled.

1. To regulate the calcium levels in the body 2. To repair broken bones 3. To reshape the bone as needed

Define hematoma.

A mass of blood continued within a space or organ.

What kind of bone contains trabeculae?

Cancellous bone contains trabeculae.

Name and describe the kind of growth that is available to a bone whose epiphyseal plate is ossified

Apositional growth- grows in diameter.

When calcium levels in the blood get too high, an increase in this hormone decreases osteoclast activity so that the bone is being formed but not destroyed as quickly, thus lowering calcium levels in the blood. What type of hormone is this?

Calcitonin hormone

When a broken bone is being repaired, what holds the pieces together while the repair occurs? are these structures permanent?

External callus holds it together and it is not permanent.

What hormone stimulates osteoblast activity to grow bones?

Human growth hormone

A bone is low on collagen. What will that do to the properties of the bone?

If a bone has low collagen, it will be weak and brittle.

Osteoclasts remove bone from the medullary cavitiy in boen remodeling. What is the purpose of this Why is this important?

It is important because it increases the size of medullary cavity so that bones are not too heavy.

What type of hormone is this: When calcium levels in the blood are low, this hormone increases to increase blood?

Parathyroid hormone

Name a joint that provides no motion

Suture joint.

Which type of synovial joint ofers the greatest range of motion?

The ball and socket joint.

What is the purpose of hyaluronic acid in the synovial membrane of a joint?

To make the joint slippery and to decrease the friction by lubricating.