Anatomy Dynamic Study Module Gap Finder

Which of the following is necessary for diffusion to occur?

A concentration gradient

Which of the following is an example of phagocytosis?

A white blood cell engulfs a bacterium and breaks it down to get rid of it.

Which of the following most accurately distinguishes active transport from passive transport?

Active transport uses ATP to move substances up their concentration gradient, but passive transport requires no cellular use of energy.

Metabolism - all the work done in our cells and bodies - uses which of the following most directly for a cell's energy needs?

Adenosine triphosphate

Which principle of the cell theory is consistent with the statement that all cells in the human body trace back to the zygote?

All cells come from preexisting cells.

Which of the following is not part of the cell theory?

All cells contain enzymes that are passed from generation to generation.

According to the cell theory, which of the following statements is incorrect?

All living things are made of multiple cells.

Which of the following is the most basic unit, or monomer, of proteins?

Amino Acid

Which of the following best describes the cytoskeleton?

An internal framework made of protein microfilaments and microtubules

During which phase of mitosis do the chromosomes separate?

Anaphase

Which of the following is a true statement regarding pH?

As hydrogen ion concentration increases, the pH value decreases.

Which of the following is generally consistent with the cell theory principle that: "all vital functions of an organism occur within cells"?

As organisms increase in size and complexity, cells become more specialized.

What would happen to our body fluids when far too much water is consumed and we progress to water toxicity?

Body fluids become hypotonic.

Which of the following would not be an example of the principle of Form Fits Function?

Bones that are not subjected to stress lose density.

Which of the following would be an example of a catabolic reaction?

Breaking down starch into sugars

Which of the following is not required for osmosis?

Cell

Which of the following is a major role of the glycocalyx of the cell membrane?

Cell identification

Which principle of the cell theory is consistent with the statement that organelles perform life functions but are not capable of independent life?

Cells are the basic structural and functional units of life.

Which principle of the cell theory is consistent with the statement that DNA contains reproducible genes?

Cells contain hereditary information that regulates cell functions and is passed from generation to generation.

What is the danger to our cells during water toxicity?

Cells could swell and burst.

Which of the following is generally consistent with the cell theory principle that: "All cells come from preexisting cells"?

Cells divide to replace cells that are lost during an injury.

Which of the following is generally consistent with the cell theory principle that: "All organisms are composed of one or more cells"?

Cells of different organisms show a great deal of diversity.

When your muscles contract to move your body, such as during walking, work is done, and work requires energy. Based on the Law of Conservation of Energy, from where does this energy come?

Chemical energy

What process ultimately pinches a dividing cell to produce two daughter cells?

Cytokinesis

What branch of biology deals primarily with the study of cells?

Cytology

During protein (polypeptide) synthesis, which of the following does not participate in the process of translation?

DNA

Which of the following statements about cell organelle functions is incorrect?

DNA is found only within the cell's nucleolus

Which of the following best summarizes the process of DNA replication?

DNA nucleotides build new copies of both strands of DNA.

Which kind of chemical reaction occurs when two molecules are connected in the places where hydrogen is removed from one molecule and a hydrogen and oxygen are removed from the other?

Dehydration synthesis

Which of the following is an example of facilitated diffusion?

Diffusion of polar molecules through a carrier protein

Which of the following is correct about diffusion rate?

Diffusion rate is faster when there is a greater concentration gradient.

Which of the following is an accurate statement about the phases of mitosis?

During anaphase, chromosomes begin to separate.

Which of the following is generally consistent with the cell theory principle that: "cells are the basic structural and functional units of life"?

Each cell is an independent living unit capable of maintaining itself.

Which of the following best describes the end result of the semi-conservative nature of DNA replication?

Each strand has one old strand and one new strand.

Which of the following is the main difference between endocytosis and exocytosis?

Endocytosis moves materials into a cell, whereas exocytosis expels materials from the cell.

From where do cells most directly obtain the energy they need to do work such as muscle contraction?

Energy in ATP (adenosine triphosphate)

Which of the following best describes the major difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Eukaryotic cells have a membrane enclosed nucleus.

Keeping in mind that energy cannot be created or destroyed, but its form can be changed, what happens to excess energy consumed in the food we eat during the day?

Excess calories are stored as fat.

Which of the following is the best situation for maintaining homeostasis?

Extracellular fluid should be isotonic to intracellular fluid.

Which of the following is referring to potential energy?

Fat stores the extra calories that we consume.

Which component of the cell membrane is hydrophobic?

Fatty acid tails of the phospholipid molecules

In general, in which direction would net water movement occur during osmosis?

From the hypotonic to the hypertonic fluid

Which portion of the cell cycle immediately follows after replication of DNA?

Gap 2 (G2)

In which substantial way do genes ensure that cells will do the work they are supposed to do?

Genes determine which proteins the cell can make.

Which of the following is generally consistent with the cell theory principle that: "Cells contain hereditary information that regulates cell functions and is passed from generation to generation"?

Genes have instructions for the work cells do and these instructions for life are passed on.

Which of the following is an electrolyte?

Glucose

Which of the following is most likely to pass through a transport protein when entering a cell?

Glucose

Which of the following is true of taking/studying notes?

Go over notes thinking of questions that might be asked about the content.

Of the following, which is the most important attribute linked to success as a student?

Having a strong sense of personal responsibility

Which of the following is true of cells in the human body?

Humans have about 200 different kinds of cells.

A cell has less solute than the interstitial fluid around it. Which term best describes the interstitial fluid?

Hypertonic

Which of the following is a goal that is specific, measurable, accountable, and realistic?

I will study for two hours on Monday, Wednesday, Friday, and Sunday.

Which of the following is the best example of homeostasis?

If you overheat, you sweat more to lose heat and get back to a normal temperature.

Which of the following is not a correct description of a stage of mitosis?

In prophase, the DNA replicates and the cell prepares for division.

Which of the following is an example of how positive feedback may be used appropriately by the body?

Increasing oxytocin release causes more uterine contractions, which causes more oxytocin release during childbirth.

Which of the following would not be an example of negative feedback maintaining homeostasis?

Increasing urine production when blood pressure is too low.

During which part of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

Interphase

During which part of the cell cycle does the cell grow and do its normal work?

Interphase

Which of the following lists the stages of the cell cycle in the correct order?

Interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

Which of the following is always true of negative feedback?

It always results in a response that reverses the stimulus that caused it.

Which of the following is not true about negative feedback?

It changes the set point so the new conditions become the new normal.

In some old horror movies, the "mad scientist" threatens to kill a person by injecting them with a small syringe of concentrated salt solution. Although this may be an exaggeration, what is the biological basis for this claim?

It could make blood hypertonic and blood cells may shrink and die.

Which of the following is true of a hypertonic fluid?

It has more solute and less water available for osmotic movement.

Which of the following is true about answering multiple choice questions?

It is best to read the question and pause to think about it before reading the answers.

In order to facilitate water reabsorption, the inner portion of the kidney has a much higher solute concentration than most body fluids. How would you describe the inner portion of the kidney?

It is hypertonic to other body fluids.

Blood in our capillaries tends to absorb water through osmosis from the interstitial fluid around it. What does this tell you about blood relative to the interstitial fluid?

It is hypertonic to the interstitial fluid.

Compared to most body fluids, which of the following would best describe pure water?

It is hypotonic to body fluids

Someone says, "I have a theory that my favorite football team will win the next Super Bowl because it's the best team statistically." What would be the correct statement about this claim?

It is not a theory because there is evidence against the claim.

Which of the following best explains the feedback that occurs during heat stroke?

It is positive feedback.

What would happen to a cell in a hypotonic environment?

It may swell and burst as excess water moves in.

Which of the following is typical of positive feedback?

It takes the body further away from the normal values.

Which of the following would best describe whether or not a biological virus would be a living organism in accordance with the cell theory?

It would not be a living organism as it is not made of one or more cells.

Which of the following would be the best example of the principle of Form Fits Function?

Lower vertebrae support more weight and are thicker than higher ones.

Which of the following incorrectly matches the organelle with its function?

Lysosomes attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum allow it to make proteins.

What is most likely to happen to a phagosome brought into a cell by phagocytosis?

Lysosomes will fuse with it to digest its contents.

What is the main goal of homeostasis?

Maintain a relatively constant internal environment.

How does the end result of meiosis differ from the end of mitosis?

Meiosis produces 4 cells with 23 chromosomes each; mitosis produces 2 cells with 46 chromosomes each.

During which phase of mitosis do the chromosomes align in the center of the cell?

Metaphase

Which of the following is not housed within the nucleus?

Mitochondria

Which of the following organelles is responsible for generating energy for cellular work?

Mitochondrion

Which of the following statements is not correct?

Mitosis involves a series of two divisions.

Which of the following is the main difference between mitosis and cytokinesis?

Mitosis is division of the nucleus, and cytokinesis is the division of the cytoplasm.

Macromolecules fit in-between which two levels of organization?

Molecule and organelle

Based on the general theme of conservation, which of the following is most likely to happen if an athlete breaks his arm and must wear a cast and not use that arm for six weeks?

Muscles in the injured arm will get smaller because they are not being used.

Which of the following is not a passive process?

Na+/K+ pump

Which of the following best summarizes the effect of negative feedback on homeostasis?

Negative feedback reestablishes homeostasis when the body fluctuates away from the set point.

During protein synthesis, where does transcription occur?

Nucleus

Moving from simpler to more complex, which level of organization is immediately before (simpler than) the cell?

Organelle

Based on the Biological Hierarchy of Organization, tissues join together to form what structures?

Organs

Which of the following uses extensions of the membrane called pseudopodia to form a membrane sac around the object to be transported into the cell?

Phagocytosis

Which of the following best summarizes the structure of the cell membrane?

Phospholipid bilayer with proteins

Which of the following makes up the largest part of the cell membrane?

Phospholipid molecules

Which of the following molecules will not be able to easily pass directly through the phospholipid portion of the cell membrane?

Polar molecules

During which phase of mitosis do chromosomes first become visible?

Prophase

Which type of molecule forms channels through the cell membrane?

Protein

Which of the following are located within the nucleus of an atom?

Protons and neutrons

Which of the following is not associated with DNA replication?

RNA

Which of the following would be an example of negative feedback maintaining homeostasis? (#2)

Release of a hormone to decrease high blood sugar levels.

Which of the following would be an example of negative feedback maintaining homeostasis? (#1)

Release of thyroid hormone to increase metabolism when body temperature is too low.

Which of the following statements about diffusion is incorrect?

Simple diffusion moves substances down their concentration gradient, whereas facilitated diffusion moves substances up their concentration gradient.

Which of the following is not a carbohydrate?

Sodium chloride

Which of the following is not a form of endocytosis?

Sodium/potassium pump

Based on the principle of Form Fits Function, in which of the following areas would you expect to see the thickest skin?

Soles of the feet

Which of the following is responsible for producing the "water gradient" that drives osmosis?

Solute molecules

Consider four salt solutions: Solution A is a 2% salt solution. Solution B is a 25% salt solution. Solution C is a 15% salt solution. Solution D is a 20% salt solution. Based on this information, which of the following statements is true?

Solution D is hypertonic to solutions A and C, but hypotonic to solution B.

Which of the following would not be a valid example of a cause and effect relationship?

Sweating may cause a rise in body temperature.

In which organelle are the vesicles that will undergo exocytosis produced?

The Golgi apparatus

As it relates to osmotic balance, what specifically does the term tonicity refer to?

The amount of solute in the fluid.

What important information does an element's atomic number provide?

The atom's number of protons and electrons

What is the basic unit of measure for energy in living things?

The calorie

Which of the following would be true of cause and effect relationships?

The cause (the "why") produces the effect (the "what").

Each of the long bones in your legs and arms has a hollow cavity running down its length. Based on the principle of Form Fits Function, which of the following is least likely a reason for this canal?

The cavity is where muscles attach.

A cell is placed in a fluid of unknown tonicity. After one hour there is no change in the appearance of the cell. What would be a reasonable conclusion from this observation?

The fluid is isotonic to the cell.

Which organ or organs play the biggest role in regulating osmotic balance in the body?

The kidneys

Which of the following best summarizes the role of the cell's nucleus?

The nucleus contains genes that determine what proteins the cell can make.

A person is severely dehydrated. If uncorrected, how would this condition most likely affect the individual's red blood cells?

The person's blood plasma would become hypertonic, causing the red blood cells to lose water and shrink.

Thermostats work with the HVAC unit in a building to blow cold air into rooms when it is too hot in the summer in order to lower temperatures. The unit blows warm air into rooms when it is too cold in the winter. Which of the following would be true of the response to the thermostat in both the summer and the winter?

The response is negative feedback in both cases.

What is the term for the center point of the acceptable normal range for one of our internal environmental conditions in homeostasis?

The set point

The aorta is the largest artery in the body. It is exposed to tremendous force when a very large volume of blood is pumped out of the heart with each contraction, and it must move the blood along to all of the body's other blood vessels. Based on the principle of Form Fits Function, which of the following is least likely to be part of the form, or structure, of the aorta?

The wall has many folds that divide the aorta into many small compartments to slow the blood flow.

If a person is suffering from dehydration, what is happening to their body fluids?

Their fluids are becoming more hypertonic.

Why would it be incorrect to state something is just a theory, implying it is not truly scientifically proven?

Theories were scientifically supported every time they were tested.

Despite the great variation among cells, they all have three things in common. Which of the following is not a feature common to all cells?

They all have internal membranes.

Which of the following is true of theories?

They are scientifically tested principles that have consistently held up.

What role do the spindle fibers play in mitosis?

They attach to each chromosome to direct their movement.

Considering the principle of Form Fits Function, which of the following allows muscle cells to shorten or contract to produce movement?

They contain proteins arranged lengthwise that slide back and forth across each other

Which statement about molecules at equilibrium is incorrect?

They stop moving once equilibrium is reached.

Imagine that a patient has dangerously low blood pressure. This reduces the amount of blood returning to the heart, so each subsequent beat pumps less blood. This results in pressure dropping too low to adequately supply the heart muscle with blood. The heart's pumping becomes weaker and weaker, which further reduces blood pressure. Which of the following best describes what is happening relative to homeostasis?

This is positive feedback and a failure of homeostasis.

In a damaged blood vessel, chemicals are released that make clotting proteins and platelets stick together. This clumps more platelets and clotting proteins together until the damaged area is plugged up. Which of the following would be true of this process?

This is positive feedback assisting a physiological process.

Which of the following is the correct term for a group of cells that are organized together and share a common function?

Tissue

Which of the following is a good summary catchphrase line for the principle of conservation?

Use it or lose it

Which of the following advice for healthy living best reflects the effects of the Law of Conservation?

Use it or lose it.

Which of the following may move directly by osmosis?

Water only

Which of the following is a good example of negative feedback?

When you are hot, you sweat more until you cool down.

Which of the following is a good example of homeostasis?

Your blood pressure has been around 115/75 mm Hg for many years.