Anatomy: Endocrine System Exam Review

Bronze skin color, hypoglycemia, and a reduced ability to cope with stress (burnout) are signs and symptoms of ________.

Addison's diseased

What stimulates the release of calcitonin?

high blood calcium levels

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) promotes the release of ________,

cortisone and cortisol

Where are the parathyroid glands located?

posterior surface of the thyroid gland

The hormone produced by male testes, which is necessary for sperm production is ________.

testosterone

Mr. Lee has been working extra hours for weeks since he is covering for several employees in his department who are out. The long hours and additional stress have left him feeling extremely exhausted. How will his body respond to this long-term stress?

Glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids will increase sodium and water retention, blood sugar, blood volume, and blood pressure.

What is the primary effect of prolactin?

Stimulate and maintain milk production after childbirth

Which adrenal cortex hormone helps regulate water and electrolyte balance in body fluids?

Aldosterone

Where does the body store excess glucose as glycogen in response to the presence of insulin?

Liver

Which two hormones play a role in promoting the milk reflex and in stimulating and maintaining breast milk production in a nursing mother's breasts?

prolactin (PRL) and oxytocin

Which of the following is a function of the mineralocorticoids, such as aldosterone?

regulate salt content of the blood

Which of the following is not an effect of testosterone on males?

stimulation of the posterior pituitary

Which hormones are made by the hypothalamus yet stored and released by the posterior pituitary?

Oxytocin; antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Which endocrine gland is known as the "master endocrine gland" for its removal or destruction would have a dramatic effect on the body?

Pituitary gland

Which two hormones act together to bring about menstruation in females?

Progesterone and estrogen

Male sex hormones produced by the adrenal cortex are called ________

androgens

Releasing and inhibiting hormones produced by the hypothalamus influence the activities of the ________.

anterior pituitary gland

Which hormone causes the kidneys to reabsorb more water from forming urine and as a result, increases blood volume?

antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Which of these hormones regulate calcium levels in the body?

calcitonin and parathyroid hormone

The two hormones released by the thyroid gland are ________.

calcitonin and thyroid hormone

A young child is small for his age and shows signs of mental impairment. Given his symptoms, you conclude he may have ________.

cretinism

Which of the following disorders results from the hyposecretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?

diabetes insipidus

Ms. James is 73 years old and lately has had to urinate frequently. Her urinalysis test confirmed high levels of glucose in her urine. This finding points to a diagnosis of ________.

diabetes mellitus, type 2 (adult onset)

Which of these hormones is released by the adrenal medulla?

epinephrine

What two groups of steroid hormones are made by female ovaries?

estrogens and progesterone

Daniella has been diagnosed with Addison's disease. Which of the following is probably NOT one of her signs or symptoms?

high blood pressure and edema

The short-term stress response of epinephrine, such as running from a fire, includes all of the following except ________.

increased digestive activity

When blood glucose levels are too high, the beta cells of the pancreas release ________ to decrease levels.

insulin

Which of the following hormones decreases blood glucose levels?

insulin

The pineal gland produces ________.

melatonin

Which hormone appears to play an important role in establishing the body's sleep-wake cycle?

melatonin

Which one of the following is not a sign of diabetes mellitus?

moon face

Which of these anterior pituitary hormones regulates the endocrine activity of the cortex region of the adrenal gland?

adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Beta cells of the pancreatic islets produce a hormone known as ________ while the alpha cells produce a hormone known as ________.

insulin and glucagon

Calcitonin is made by the ________ cells of the thyroid gland.

parafollicular

Tetany resulting from uncontrolled muscle spasms may indicate a malfunction of the ________.

parathyroid glands

Rising blood levels of aldosterone cause the kidney tubules to ________.

reabsorb sodium ions

Some people purchase melatonin as an over-the-counter medication. For what specific purpose?

sleep aid

How would you classify a hormone that is made from cholesterol, such as a sex hormone?

steroid hormone

Which gland is located in the upper thorax, posterior to the sternum?

thymus

Alcohol inhibits the secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH). What impact will this have on the body?

Increased thirst and dehydration

Pat, a 68-year-old woman, has high levels of TSH and low levels of thyroxine (T4). She is often tired and has gained weight. For what condition would you evaluate her?

Myxedema

The "fight-or-flight" response triggers the release of ________.

epinephrine

The hormone that stimulates follicle development by female ovaries and sperm development by male testes is ________.

follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

In patients with Cushing's syndrome, the presence of a "moon face," a "buffalo hump" of fat on the upper back, hyperglycemia and high blood pressure are the result of excess production of ________.

glucocorticoids

Without iodine in the diet, which thyroid gland disorder may result?

goiter

Which of these hormones prods the thyroid gland to release thyroxine (T4)?

thyrotropic hormone (TH) or thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

A woman complains of frequent urination and thirst. A urinalysis test does not show increased sugar in her urine. What condition would you rank as the likely cause of her symptoms?

Diabetes insipidus

Graves' disease is accompanied by a condition in which the eyes bulge or protrude anteriorly. This condition is known as ________.

Exophthalmos

What is the primary function of thymosin?

Thymosin appears to be essential for the normal development of T lymphocytes.

Which endocrine gland is situated at the base of the throat, just inferior to the Adam's apple?

Thyroid

What gland is the target organ of thyrotropic hormone (TH), also known as thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)?

Thyroid gland

Select the statement that best describes the function of tropic hormones.

Tropic hormones stimulate other endocrine glands to secrete hormones.

Tia is 31 years old and has been diagnosed with acromegaly. Which hormone is she hypersecreting?

Growth hormone (GH)

The body's major metabolic hormone, which is actually two iodine-containing hormones, is called ________.

The body's major metabolic hormone, which is actually two iodine-containing hormones, is called ________.