Anatomy Exam 1

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Ref:179 71) The sternal angle is at the same level as rib number A) 1. B) 2. C) 3. D) 5.

Answer: B Diff: 2 Page

Ref:211 6) Typical synovial joints are supplied by blood vessels and nerve fibers.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Page

Ref:213 13) A tendon sheath is an elongated membranous sac filled with synovial fluid that wraps around a tendon.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Page

Ref:81 8) Microvilli are common on almost all epithelial cells, but they are more obvious and abundant on absorption cells in the small intestine and the kidney.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Page

Ref:86 5) Areolar connective tissue forms the lamina propria of mucous membranes.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Page

Ref:89 10) In blood, the matrix is the liquid blood plasma.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Page

Ref:89 13) Cardiac muscle cells are connected to each other by intercalated discs.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Page

Ref:93 14) Skeletal muscle is characterized by obvious striations (seen microscopically) and multinucleate cells.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Page

Ref:133 7) Kyphosis is an exaggerated thoracic curvature of the spine.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Page

Ref:171 15) Osteoporosis of the spine often leads to kyphosis, often called the "dowager's hump" in elderly individuals.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Page

Ref:192 4) The posterior inferior iliac spine is superior to the ischial spine.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Page

Ref:196 15) In the proximal row of carpals, there are the scaphoid, lunate, triquetral, and pisiform, from lateral to medial.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Page

Ref:200, 202 7) The tibia articulates distally with the trochlea of the talus.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Page

Ref:203 8) As one ages, the upper-lower (UL) body ratio changes from about 1.7:1 at birth to 1:1 at puberty.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Page

Ref:210 3) The term synovial joint contains the root word ov, referring to ovum, or egg, because the synovial fluid is viscous like the white of the egg.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Page

Ref:211 4) The interosseous membrane is a type of syndesmosis.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Page

Ref:213 8) Arthroplasty is the process of replacing a diseased joint with an artificial joint.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Page

Ref:224 10) Intracapsular ligaments, such as the cruciate ligaments, are covered with a synovial membrane.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Page

Ref:66 2) The mesothelium comprises the superficial layer of the serous membranes of the peritoneal, pleural, and pericardial cavities.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Page

Ref:81, 86 7) Much of the body's adipose tissue is found in the hypodermis.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Page

Ref:89 6) Superficial fascia refers to the fatty hypodermis below the skin, whereas deep fascia are the sheets of tissue that wrap around muscles, large blood vessels, etc.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Page

Ref:97 5) Describe the basal lamina, its location, composition, and function.

Answer: The basal lamina lies between the epithelium and the connective tissue below it. It is a thin, noncellular sheet of proteins secreted by the epithelial cells. It functions as a selective filter. When the epithelium has been damaged or scraped off, the basal lamina aids in regeneration of the epithelium by serving as a scaffold for migrating epithelial cells. Diff: 2 Page

Ref:171-172 4) What bony structures form the nasal cavity? (Hint: there are seven separate bones, and the number of parts of these bones is greater than the number of bones; name the parts as best you can.)

Answer: The cribriform plates and the superior and middle conchae of the ethmoid, the palatine and frontal processes of the maxillae, the horizontal plates and the perpendicular processes of the palatine bones, the nasal bones, and the inferior nasal conchae. Diff: 3 Page

Ref:12 3) The peritoneal cavity is a serous cavity.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Page

Ref:159 2) The axial skeleton includes the skull, vertebral column, and thoracic cage.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Page

Ref:159 7.2 True/False Questions 1) The foramen ovale is bounded posteriorly by the foramen spinosum and anteriorly by the foramen rotundum.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Page

Ref:164 12) The teeth fit into the sockets of both the mandible and the maxilla.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Page

Ref:167 10) The superior orbital fissure is part of the sphenoid bone.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Page

Ref:167 13) The bony framework of the face consists of 14 facial bones.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Page

Ref:180 9) The vomer is an unpaired bone located superior to the palate.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Page

Ref:189 10) The calcaneal tuberosity is the region of the foot that makes contact with the ground while walking.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Page

Ref:190 12) The apex of the patella points distally.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Page

Ref:197 14) The ischium forms the posteroinferior region of the pelvic girdle.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Page

Ref:136 6.3 Short

Answer Questions 1) In ________ growth, cartilage-forming cells from the perichondrium produce new cartilage tissue by actively secreting matrix. \Answer: appositional Diff: 2 Page

Answer Questions 1) Fatal whiplash involves what bony structure? \Answer: the dens Diff: 2 Page

Ref:220 9.3 Short

Answer Questions 1) The glenohumeral joint is an example of a(n) ________ joint. \Answer: ball-and-socket Diff: 2 Page

Answer Questions 1) The pectoral girdle consists of the clavicle and the ________. \Answer: scapula Diff: 1 Page

Ref:86 4.3 Short

Answer Questions 1) The smallest diameter blood vessels, capillaries are comprised of ________. \Answer: simple squamous epithelium Diff: 2 Page

Ref:66 4) Briefly outline the steps of tissue repair in a skin wound. Include in your response the terms organization, granulation, and regeneration.

Answer: 1) An inflammatory response increases blood flow to the site of injury, which promotes the formation of a blood clot. 2) During the "organization" phase of tissue repair, blood vessels invade the clot and allow fibroblasts to arrive. These cells deposit collagen to tie the sides of the wound together with granulation tissue. 3) Macrophages dispose of bacteria, dead cells, and debris. 4) Regeneration involves the replacement of epithelium over the surface of the scar tissue. Diff: 3 Page

Ref:126 5) You might expect the epiphyseal plate to close between ages ________ years.

Answer: 15-23 Diff: 2 Page

Ref:128-129 58) If a bone located in a limb is longer than it is wide, that bone is a(n) ________ bone. A) long B) short C) irregular D) flat

Answer: A Diff: 1 Page

Ref:126 13 Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. 56) The type of cartilage that forms the costal cartilages at the ends of the ribs is A) hyaline cartilage. B) fibrocartilage. C) elastic cartilage. D) calcified cartilage.

Answer: A Diff: 2 Page

Ref:128 39) A disease that is characterized by excessive and abnormal remodeling of bone tissue and affects 3% of the elderly is A) Paget's disease. B) osteosarcoma. C) osteomyelitis. D) osteomalacia.

Answer: A Diff: 2 Page

Ref:128-129 9 Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. 36) An incomplete, splintery fracture that occurs in the flexible bones of children is a(n) ________ fracture. A) greenstick B) depressed C) comminuted D) epiphyseal

Answer: A Diff: 2 Page

Ref:129-130 27) In the bone matrix, osteoblasts become A) osteocytes. B) chondrocytes. C) osteoclasts. D) mesenchyme cells.

Answer: A Diff: 2 Page

Ref:130 32) The continual process of bone resorption is under the control of the A) parathyroid gland. B) pancreas. C) pituitary gland. D) adrenal gland.

Answer: A Diff: 2 Page

Ref:139 24) Which of these diseases is more prevalent in children, and was exceedingly common in the United States and other industrialized nations before vitamin D was added to milk? A) rickets B) osteomyelitis C) osteoporosis D) achondroplasia E) Paget's disease

Answer: A Diff: 2 Page

Ref:140-141 29) The type of cartilage that forms the long bones of the embryonic skeleton is A) hyaline cartilage. B) fibrocartilage. C) elastic cartilage. D) calcified cartilage.

Answer: A Diff: 2 Page

Ref:143 4 Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. 13) Which of these would be characterized as a skeletal disorder resulting in weakened bones due to inadequate mineralization? A) osteomalacia and rickets B) osteomyelitis C) osteoporosis D) achondroplasia E) Paget's disease

Answer: A Diff: 2 Page

Ref:137 45) Osteoblasts probably originate directly from A) mesenchyme cells. B) osteoblasts. C) osteocytes. D) blood stem cells.

Answer: A Diff: 3 Page

Ref:141 68) A large, multinucleate cell with a ruffled border is an A) osteoclast. B) adipocyte. C) osteocyte. D) osteoblast.

Answer: A Diff: 3 Page

Ref:144 7 Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. 25) Which of these diseases, if untreated could lead to excessively long epiphyses and bowed legs in children? A) osteomalacia and rickets B) osteomyelitis C) osteoporosis D) achondroplasia E) Paget's disease

Answer: A Diff: 3 Page

Ref:228 19) Which of these joints is a hinge joint, primarily involved in articulation with the ulna rather than the radius? A) elbow joint B) shoulder joint C) sternoclavicular joint D) hip joint E) ankle joint

Answer: A Diff: 1 Page

Ref:156-158 19) Which of these bones together with the maxilla, functions in chewing? A) mandible B) sphenoid bone C) occipital bone D) temporal bone E) ethmoid bone

Answer: A Diff: 1 Page

Ref:164 35) Which of the bones listed below is not part of the calvaria? A) mandible B) occipital C) parietal D) temporal

Answer: A Diff: 1 Page

Ref:171 51) The largest fontanelle, forming the largest soft spot on a baby's head, is the A) anterior. B) posterior. C) mastoid. D) sphenoidal.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Page

Ref:185-186 66) All of the bones of the digits are collectively known as A) phalanges. B) tarsals. C) carpals. D) metacarpals.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Page

Ref:199, 201 72) The bone in the upper limb that corresponds to the femur in the lower limb is the A) humerus. B) radius. C) ulna. D) ischium.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Page

Ref:214 41) The largest ball-and-socket joint in the body is the A) hip. B) shoulder. C) knee. D) interphalangeal joint.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Page

Ref:65, 72 28) Simple squamous epithelia would not provide A) protection from abrasion. B) diffusion. C) filtration. D) secretion.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Page

Ref:71-72 70) A pseudostratified epithelium is always A) simple. B) ciliated. C) stratified. D) cuboidal.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Page

Ref:78 42) Which one of the following basic types of tissues functions as a covering tissue for the body? A) epithelial B) connective C) muscle D) nervous

Answer: A Diff: 1 Page

Ref:138-139 16) On which of these bones would the mental foramen be found? A) mandible B) sphenoid bone C) occipital bone D) temporal bone E) ethmoid bone

Answer: A Diff: 2 Page

Ref:152 29) Which is not a region of the temporal bone? A) hypophyseal B) petrous C) squamous D) tympanic

Answer: A Diff: 2 Page

Ref:154 69) The thoracic vertebrae articulate with ribs at the A) body and transverse processes. B) spinous processes. C) inferior and superior articular facets. D) head and articular tubercle.

Answer: A Diff: 2 Page

Ref:158 61) Swayback, which sometimes occurs in obese individuals, is also called A) lordosis. B) scoliosis. C) kyphosis. D) hunchback.

Answer: A Diff: 2 Page

Ref:162 21) Which of these bones has a ramus and angle? A) mandible B) sphenoid bone C) occipital bone D) temporal bone E) ethmoid bone

Answer: A Diff: 2 Page

Ref:162-163 41) Which of the bones listed below is not part of the nasal cavity? A) temporal bone B) ethmoid bone C) inferior nasal concha D) palatine bone

Answer: A Diff: 2 Page

Ref:172 49) Which bone articulates with the dens? A) atlas B) axis C) occipital D) temporal

Answer: A Diff: 2 Page

Ref:177 16 Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. 73) The collagen-rich ________ limits expansion of the nucleus pulposus when the spine is compressed. A) annulus fibrosus B) costal cartilage C) lateral masses D) ligamentum flavum

Answer: A Diff: 2 Page

Ref:180 48) For each vertebrae, the laminae A) are major components of the vertebral arches. B) are where the ribs attach. C) lie ventral to the vertebral foramen. D) occur in two pairs, so there are four of them.

Answer: A Diff: 2 Page

Ref:186-187 36) The area between the crest of the ilium and the arcuate line is called the A) false pelvis. B) pelvic inlet. C) pelvic outlet. D) true pelvis.

Answer: A Diff: 2 Page

Ref:186-187 47) The anatomical neck of the humerus lies A) proximal to the tubercles. B) distal to the tubercles. C) beside the deltoid tuberosity. D) near the radial groove.

Answer: A Diff: 2 Page

Ref:187, 190 75) These three tarsal bones lie just distal to the navicular are the A) cuneiforms. B) cuboids. C) trapezoids. D) naviculars.

Answer: A Diff: 2 Page

Ref:189 49) The coronoid process is part of the A) ulna. B) humerus. C) radius. D) carpal bones.

Answer: A Diff: 2 Page

Ref:194-195 70) The clavicle functions to A) transmit compression forces from the upper limb to the axial skeleton. B) protect the lungs. C) allow the arm to extend further for reaching. D) provide balance for the scapula on the other side of the body.

Answer: A Diff: 2 Page

Ref:195 53) Which of the following bones primarily bears the weight of the body? A) talus B) navicular C) cuboid D) cuneiforms

Answer: A Diff: 2 Page

Ref:200 68) Which of the statements below regarding the metatarsals is false? A) They are numbered 1-5 from lateral to medial, just like the metacarpals. B) They articulate proximally to the cuneiforms and cuboid. C) They contribute to the three arches of the feet. D) They support some of the body's weight.

Answer: A Diff: 2 Page

Ref:200, 202 60) At the shoulder joint, the head of the humerus articulates with the scapula at the A) glenoid cavity. B) coracoid process. C) subscapular fossa. D) acromion process.

Answer: A Diff: 2 Page

Ref:201-202 40) Which of the appendicular foramen listed below is "closed up" and has very few vessels or nerves passing through it? A) obturator foramen B) olfactory foramen C) foramen lacerum D) foramen magnum

Answer: A Diff: 2 Page

Ref:202-203 42) Which of the bones listed below is not found a carpal bone? A) cuboid B) triquetral C) scaphoid D) hamate

Answer: A Diff: 2 Page

Ref:210 8 Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. 28) What structures are most important in keeping the knee from moving medially to laterally? A) the collateral ligaments B) the menisci C) the patellar ligament D) the oblique popliteal ligaments

Answer: A Diff: 2 Page

Ref:213 65) By plantar flexing your feet at the ankle joints, you will A) stand on your toes. B) stand back on your heels. C) stand on the medial margins of your feet. D) turn your big toes laterally.

Answer: A Diff: 2 Page

Ref:223 11 Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. 43) Besides helping to "lock" the knee, the posterior cruciate ligament A) prevents posterior sliding of the tibia when the leg is flexed at the knee. B) holds the patella to the tibia. C) prevents all medial rotation on the femoral condyles. D) breaks more frequently than the anterior cruciate ligament.

Answer: A Diff: 2 Page

Ref:224 25) Which of these joints is stabilized with an annular ligament? A) elbow joint B) shoulder joint C) sternoclavicular joint D) hip joint E) ankle joint

Answer: A Diff: 2 Page

Ref:237 32) An example of a synarthrotic fibrous joint is the A) sagittal suture. B) interosseous membrane between the radius and the ulna. C) pubic symphysis. D) intervertebral discs.

Answer: A Diff: 2 Page

Ref:65 43) An epithelium in which the basal layer of cells is cuboidal and the apical layer has cells that are thin, flat and irregular in shaper is a ________ epithelium. A) stratified squamous B) simple columnar C) stratified cuboidal D) simple cuboidal

Answer: A Diff: 2 Page

Ref:72 31) Of the types of lining and covering membranes, the only one that is drier than the others is A) cutaneous. B) serous. C) mucous. D) parietal.

Answer: A Diff: 2 Page

Ref:72 44) The thinnest type of epithelium is A) simple squamous. B) pseudostratified columnar. C) stratified squamous. D) stratified columnar.

Answer: A Diff: 2 Page

Ref:77 18) Which tissue category contains tissues comprised of cells containing myofilaments? A) muscle B) nervous C) connective D) epithelial

Answer: A Diff: 2 Page

Ref:78, 82 72) The type of cell junction that closes off the space between epithelial cells, thereby limiting the passage of small molecules, is the A) tight junction. B) adherens junction. C) desmosome. D) gap junction.

Answer: A Diff: 2 Page

Ref:84 52) Which of the following is not a characteristic of the inflammatory response? A) attacks and eliminates specific foreign molecules B) involves release of chemicals that cause local vasodilation C) occurs within connective tissue D) results in edema and delivery of chemicals needed for repair

Answer: A Diff: 2 Page

Ref:86 48) In connective tissue proper, ground substance is manufactured and secreted by which type of cell? A) fibroblast B) endothelial cell C) chondroblasts D) osteocytes

Answer: A Diff: 2 Page

Ref:95 23) This type of tissue includes smooth and cardiac. A) muscle B) nervous C) connective D) epithelial

Answer: A Diff: 2 Page

Ref:99 62) In connective tissue, extracellular matrix is not exactly the same as ground substance, because the matrix also contains A) fibers. B) cells. C) an epithelium. D) blood.

Answer: A Diff: 2 Page

Ref:158-162 53) The function of the anterior longitudinal ligament on the vertebral bodies is A) to prevent hyperextension of the back. B) to allow for extensive lateral movement and rotation of adjacent vertebrae. C) to protect the spinal nerve cord. D) to hold the vertebral laminae together.

Answer: A Diff: 3 Page

Ref:190 21) The ulnar notch is found on which of the bones listed below? A) radius B) tibia C) ulna D) humerus

Answer: A Diff: 3 Page

Ref:198 35) How is it possible to tell whether an isolated clavicle is the right or left one? A) The medial end is cone-shaped, the lateral end is flat, and the inferior surface is ridged. B) The lateral end is flat, the medial end is cone-shaped, and the superior surface is curved. C) The medial end is S-shaped, the lateral end is straight, and the superior surface is ridged. D) The coronoid process is on the lateral end, the ridge is on the superior surface, and the socket is in the medial end.

Answer: A Diff: 3 Page

Ref:204 27) The tallest arch of the foot is the ________ arch. A) medial B) lateral C) transverse D) intermediate

Answer: A Diff: 3 Page

Ref:210 14 Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. 58) The main movements occurring at the ankle joint are A) plantar flexion and dorsiflexion. B) inversion and eversion. C) abduction and adduction. D) supination and pronation.

Answer: A Diff: 3 Page

Ref:140 69) The benefits of weight-bearing exercise include stronger muscles A) but weaker bones. B) and stronger bones. C) but bones of the same strength. D) and stronger compact bone, but weaker spongy bone.

Answer: B Diff: 3 Page

Ref:211 37) Synovial joint cavities are the only important exceptions to the rule that cavities in the body are always lined with epithelia. The synovial membrane consists of A) loose connective tissue. B) muscle tissue. C) nervous tissue. D) dense irregular connective tissue.

Answer: A Diff: 3 Page

Ref:228 34) An example of a pivot joint is the A) atlantoaxial joint B) distal tibiofibular joint. C) sagittal suture. D) suture.

Answer: A Diff: 3 Page

Ref:230-231 44) As an essential stage in the locking mechanism of the knee, A) both cruciate and collateral ligaments tighten. B) the popliteal muscle contracts. C) the fibula is pulled out of the way. D) the femur rotates laterally on the tibial condyles.

Answer: A Diff: 3 Page

Ref:66 50) The distinguishing characteristic between tight junctions and adherens junctions is that A) adherens junctions attach to the actin myofilaments of the cytoskeleton, whereas tight junctions do not. B) adherens junctions involve integral membrane proteins, whereas tight junctions do not. C) tight junctions are present near apical lateral borders, whereas adherens junctions are located near basal lateral borders. D) tight junctions involve fusion of proteins on adjacent cells, whereas adherens junctions create tunnels between adjacent cells.

Answer: A Diff: 3 Page

Ref:78-79 49) Use logic to deduce which of the following tissues is on the anterior surface of a person's eyeball. A) epithelial B) connective C) muscle D) nervous

Answer: A Diff: 3 Page

Ref:97 13 Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. 61) Cancer can arise from each of the following except A) induced apoptosis. B) exposure to a carcinogen. C) inactivation of a tumor-suppressor gene. D) turning on of oncogenes.

Answer: A Diff: 3 Page

Answer: Articular cartilages are found at diarthrotic synovial joints. They cover the ends (epiphyses) of articulating bones and minimize friction and enhance resistance to compressive forces within the joint capsule. Articular cartilage is hyaline cartilage. Diff: 2 Page

Ref:211 5) Name the major components of the synovial joint of the knee.

Answer: Articular cartilages, tendon of the quadriceps muscle, patellar ligament, medial and lateral patellar retinacula, medial and lateral menisci, oblique popliteal ligament, arcuate popliteal ligament, anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments, tibial and fibular collateral ligaments, femur, tibia, fibula, patella. Diff: 3 Page

Ref:125 34) Bones in the wrists and ankles are A) long bones. B) short bones. C) irregular bones. D) flat bones.

Answer: B Diff: 1 Page

Ref:126 74) Which of the following is not a function of the bony skeleton? A) support and protection B) storage of parathyroid hormone C) transmission of muscular forces by acting as levers D) production of blood cells

Answer: B Diff: 1 Page

Ref:136-138 62) Which hormone is primarily responsible for bone matrix resorption rather than bone matrix deposition during puberty? A) growth hormone B) parathyroid hormone C) sex hormones D) thyroid hormone

Answer: B Diff: 1 Page

Ref:126-127 53) A long bone is able to withstand extreme torsion or twisting stresses because A) the bone is spongelike with many hollow spaces, such as the central and epiphyseal marrow cavities. B) within each osteon the collagen fibers and mineral crystals in adjacent lamellae are aligned in opposite directions. C) the internal and external surfaces are both covered in irregular connective tissue fibers. D) the trabeculae of spongy bone are aligned along stress trajectories.

Answer: B Diff: 2 Page

Ref:127 64) Which bone cell type secretes hydrochloric acid? A) osteoblast B) osteoclast C) osteocyte D) osteoprogenitor

Answer: B Diff: 2 Page

Ref:131 44) The primary center of ossification A) occurs in the 4-week embryo. B) is in the diaphysis. C) is in the epiphysis. D) is in membrane bones but not in endochondral bones.

Answer: B Diff: 2 Page

Ref:136 67) In an open reduction to repair a broken bone, A) the ends are close enough to allow them to heal together on their own. B) the ends are joined by pins or wires. C) the ends are repositioned by physician's hands. D) the ends must have chips placed between them to bridge the gap.

Answer: B Diff: 2 Page

Ref:141 19) What skeletal disease results from a bacterial infection of the bone and bone marrow? A) osteomalacia and rickets B) osteomyelitis C) osteoporosis D) achondroplasia E) Paget's disease

Answer: B Diff: 2 Page

Ref:141-143 60) Which type of fracture tends to occur where cartilage cells are dying and the matrix is calcifying? A) greenstick B) epiphyseal C) spiral D) comminuted

Answer: B Diff: 2 Page

Ref:142 14 Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. 61) Which statement about growth of long bones is false? A) The bone cannot grow longer once the epiphyseal plates are ossified. B) The diaphysis becomes progressively thinner as the bone lengthens. C) The epiphyses are pushed further from the center of the diaphysis. D) The epiphyseal plates remain a constant thickness during growth.

Answer: B Diff: 2 Page

Ref:143-144 15) What disease might result from a compound fracture of a bone? A) osteomalacia and rickets B) osteomyelitis C) osteoporosis D) achondroplasia E) Paget's disease

Answer: B Diff: 2 Page

Ref:127 48) Which term applies to a number of disorders in adults in which the bones are inadequately mineralized? A) rickets B) osteomalacia C) Paget's disease D) osteosarcoma

Answer: B Diff: 3 Page

Ref:133 54) The cartilage of the epiphyseal plates is organized into zones based upon the unique processes occurring in each of these regions. Identify the correct sequence of these processes, from the epiphyseal end toward the diaphysis. A) calcification — hypertrophy — growth — resting — ossification B) ossification — calcification — hypertrophy — growth — resting C) resting — hypertrophy — growth — calcification — ossification D) hypertrophy — growth — resting — calcification — ossification

Answer: B Diff: 3 Page

Ref:140-141 15 Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. 66) Which of the following statements about woven bone is false? A) It is the same as spongy bone of adults. B) It contains no trabeculae. C) It is characteristic of the development of embryonic flat bones. D) As fetal development progresses it is replaced by comapact bone at the periphery.

Answer: B Diff: 3 Page

Ref:140-141 63) In growing cartilage, the chondroblasts associated with the perichondrium are responsible for A) interstitial growth. B) appositional growth. C) endochondral growth. D) calcification.

Answer: B Diff: 3 Page

Ref:232 7 Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. 23) Which of these joints is one of the most freely moving joints of the body, but requires the stability provided by the rotator cuff muscles to keep it in place? A) elbow joint B) shoulder joint C) sternoclavicular joint D) hip joint E) ankle joint

Answer: B Diff: 1 Page

Ref:186 16) Which of these joints would be best described as having a number of bursae, tendon sheaths, an acromion process, and a coracoid process? A) elbow joint B) shoulder joint C) sternoclavicular joint D) hip joint E) ankle joint

Answer: B Diff: 3 Page

Ref:153 46) In referring to the alveolar regions of the mandible and maxillae, the alveoli are A) glands (salivary glands). B) tooth sockets. C) lips. D) the palate.

Answer: B Diff: 1 Page

Ref:162 25) Which of these bones has "wings" and a body? A) mandible B) sphenoid bone C) occipital bone D) temporal bone E) ethmoid bone

Answer: B Diff: 1 Page

Ref:169 33) This bone has nuchal lines, the hypoglossal canal, and condyles. A) mandible B) occipital C) sphenoid D) temporal

Answer: B Diff: 1 Page

Ref:179 64) Which of the bones of the axial skeleton listed below is paired? A) fifth thoracic vertebra B) rib 3 C) the sacrum D) the sphenoid

Answer: B Diff: 1 Page

Ref:224 24) Which of these joints is stabilized by glenohumeral ligaments? A) elbow joint B) shoulder joint C) sternoclavicular joint D) hip joint E) ankle joint

Answer: B Diff: 1 Page

Ref:228 42) A condition that commonly leads to neck pain, ear problems, and pain when opening the mouth is A) osteoarthritis. B) temporomandibular disorder. C) sutural disorders. D) gout.

Answer: B Diff: 1 Page

Ref:235 46) A joint between a tooth and its socket is A) a suture. B) a gomphosis. C) an ankylosis. D) a synostosis.

Answer: B Diff: 1 Page

Ref:74 73) Cell junctions occur in which plasma membrane of epithelial cells? A) apical B) lateral C) nuclear D) basal lamina

Answer: B Diff: 1 Page

Ref:89 59) Inflamed tissue is often warm to the touch because of A) accumulation of bacterial toxins. B) increased blood flow to the area. C) infiltration by neutrophils. D) leakage of clotting proteins.

Answer: B Diff: 1 Page

Ref:152 56) Which part of the temporal bone projects medially and contains organs of the inner ear? A) styloid B) petrous C) squamous D) zygomatic

Answer: B Diff: 2 Page

Ref:153 36) The jugular foramen is located A) anterior to the foramen lacerum. B) between the temporal and occipital bones. C) posterior to the occipital condyles. D) within the greater wing of the sphenoid.

Answer: B Diff: 2 Page

Ref:162 58) The largest paranasal sinus is the A) frontal. B) maxillary. C) ethmoid. D) sphenoid.

Answer: B Diff: 2 Page

Ref:162-163 6 Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. 22) Which of these bones has pterygoid processes and the optic canal? A) mandible B) sphenoid bone C) occipital bone D) temporal bone E) ethmoid bone

Answer: B Diff: 2 Page

Ref:163 11 Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. 47) What does the costal tubercle of a rib articulate with? A) vertebral body of thoracic vertebrae B) transverse process of thoracic vertebrae C) vertebral lamina of thoracic vertebrae D) costal cartilage of thoracic cage

Answer: B Diff: 2 Page

Ref:165 10 Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. 42) The external and internal acoustic meatuses are in the ________ and ________ regions of the temporal bone, respectively. A) squamous; mastoid B) tympanic; petrous C) mastoid; petrous D) squamous; sphenoid

Answer: B Diff: 2 Page

Ref:177 55) The difference between cranium and skull, if any, is that A) the skull contains the hyoid bone but the cranium does not; otherwise they are the same. B) the skull contains facial bones and cranial bones. C) the cranium does not include the floor of the skull. D) the cranium contains the orbits, but the skull does not.

Answer: B Diff: 2 Page

Ref:179 72) The most anterior ridge of the sacrum is the A) median sacral crest. B) sacral promontory. C) sacral hiatus. D) third dorsal sacral foramen.

Answer: B Diff: 2 Page

Ref:187-188 63) The bony landmark at the lateral angle of the scapula is the A) suprascapular notch. B) glenoid cavity. C) spine. D) acromion.

Answer: B Diff: 2 Page

Ref:190 22) The medial malleolus is found on which of the bones listed below? A) radius B) tibia C) ulna D) humerus

Answer: B Diff: 2 Page

Ref:190 24) The bony landmark which is the attachment point for the patellar ligament is found on which of the bones listed below? A) radius B) tibia C) ulna D) humerus

Answer: B Diff: 2 Page

Ref:194 11 Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. 44) Which of these bone combinations represents a pair of pivoting bones? A) tibia and fibula B) ulna and radius C) pisiform and triquetrum D) clavicle and scapula

Answer: B Diff: 2 Page

Ref:194 52) The ischium joins the pubis in the acetabulum and at the A) superior pubic ramus. B) inferior pubic ramus. C) sacroiliac joint. D) pubic symphysis.

Answer: B Diff: 2 Page

Ref:196 37) In anatomical position, A) the head of the radius is medial to the ulna. B) the radius is lateral to the ulna. C) the styloid process of the radius is medial to the ulna. D) the ulna is lateral to the radius.

Answer: B Diff: 2 Page

Ref:197 56) The pelvic inlet (brim) is widest A) from anterior to posterior. B) from side to side. C) obliquely. D) superior to inferior.

Answer: B Diff: 2 Page

Ref:210 47) A chronic disorder of joints in which the articular cartilages degenerate and bony spurs form is A) rheumatoid arthritis. B) osteoarthritis. C) gout. D) Lyme disease.

Answer: B Diff: 2 Page

Ref:210 51) What movement occurs when one moves the foot from the anatomical position to point the toes laterally, with the foot flat on the floor? A) eversion B) lateral rotation C) inversion D) plantar flexion

Answer: B Diff: 2 Page

Ref:210 57) An example of an amphiarthrotic cartilaginous joint is the A) epiphyseal plate. B) pubic symphysis. C) knee joint. D) sternocostal joint.

Answer: B Diff: 2 Page

Ref:211 39) In abduction of the fingers, the fifth finger moves medially, and the second finger moves A) anteriorly. B) laterally. C) medially. D) by flexing toward the palm.

Answer: B Diff: 2 Page

Ref:216-217 66) Gliding movements occur between all these joints except A) adjacent carpals. B) adjacent phalanges. C) articular processes of vertebrae. D) temporomandibular joints.

Answer: B Diff: 2 Page

Ref:221 36) Articular cartilages are found both in symphyses and in A) sutures. B) synovial joints. C) synchondroses. D) syndesmoses.

Answer: B Diff: 2 Page

Ref:223-224 54) In pronation, A) the palm faces anteriorly. B) the radius and ulna are crossed. C) the forearm is laterally rotated. D) the ulna rotates, but the radius does not.

Answer: B Diff: 2 Page

Ref:224 27) Which of these is not characteristic of a synchondrosis? A) absence of a joint cavity B) bone ends attached by collagen C) composed of hyaline cartilage D) not highly movable

Answer: B Diff: 2 Page

Ref:229-231 29) A joint capsule (articular capsule) has two layers. The function of the capsule's internal layer is to A) strengthen the joint against tension. B) produce synovial fluid. C) contain all of the nerves and blood vessels of the joint. D) act as a meniscus.

Answer: B Diff: 2 Page

Ref:230-231 45) Student's elbow is an example of A) tendonitis. B) bursitis. C) osteoarthritis. D) gout.

Answer: B Diff: 2 Page

Ref:73 68) Tissue types which are known as mucous and serous membranes are comprised of sheets of epithelial cells and A) adipose tissue. B) areolar connective tissue. C) reticular connective tissue D) elastic connective tissue.

Answer: B Diff: 2 Page

Ref:74 74) In connective tissues, the primary extracellular molecules responsible for resisting tension are A) intermediate filaments in fibroblasts. B) collagen fibers. C) proteoglycans D) elastin fibers.

Answer: B Diff: 2 Page

Ref:181 12 Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. 52) The bone of the skull that has pterygoid processes, greater wings, and a hypophyseal fossa is the A) ethmoid. B) palatine. C) sphenoid. D) temporal.

Answer: C Diff: 2 Page

Ref:76 10 Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. 46) The type of cell junction that permits small sugar molecules and ions to pass from the cytoplasm of one cell to that of another is a A) tight junction. B) gap junction. C) desmosome. D) zonula occludens.

Answer: B Diff: 2 Page

Ref:79 57) During repair of a scrape or cut through the skin, a blood clot is replaced with collagen-rich granulation tissue in a process called A) inflammation. B) organization. C) repair. D) regeneration.

Answer: B Diff: 2 Page

Ref:80 39) A highly branched gland whose walls do not balloon into spherical sacs is called A) compound alveolar. B) compound tubular. C) compound tubuloalveolar. D) simple branched alveolar.

Answer: B Diff: 2 Page

Ref:86 22) The brain and spinal cord are composed primarily of this tissue type. A) muscle B) nervous C) connective D) epithelial

Answer: B Diff: 2 Page

Ref:93 20) This tissue type, in addition to certain muscle tissues, is capable of generating electrical impulses. A) muscle B) nervous C) connective D) epithelial

Answer: B Diff: 2 Page

Ref:169 75) The lesser and greater wings of the sphenoid are in the ________ and ________ cranial fossae, respectively. A) anterior; posterior B) anterior; middle C) middle; posterior D) posterior; middle

Answer: B Diff: 3 Page

Ref:179 28) Which bony landmark below is most similar to a meatus? A) facet B) foramen C) groove D) suture

Answer: B Diff: 3 Page

Ref:181 62) The vertebra that lacks a body and helps allow one to nod the head is the A) axis. B) atlas. C) vertebra prominens. D) coccyx.

Answer: B Diff: 3 Page

Ref:187-188 31) The bone of the forearm that directly and functionally articulates with the carpals is the A) ulna. B) radius. C) humerus. D) lunate.

Answer: B Diff: 3 Page

Ref:192 10 Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. 39) Which of the following statements concerning the fibula is false? A) It helps stabilize the ankle. B) It helps stabilize the knee. C) It is the thinnest of the two leg bones. D) It forms the lateral malleolus.

Answer: B Diff: 3 Page

Ref:203-204 8 Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. 28) All of these bony landmarks contribute to the pelvic inlet (brim) except the A) sacral promontory. B) ischial tuberosities. C) arcuate lines on the ilia. D) pubic crests.

Answer: B Diff: 3 Page

Ref:210-211 62) Which of these statements about menisci is false? A) They contain fibrocartilage. B) They are found in all synovial joints. C) They can divide the joint cavity. D) They can allow two movements at a single joint.

Answer: B Diff: 3 Page

Ref:216-217 71) A pre-adolescent has more joints than an adult because of these immovable cartilaginous joints. A) sutures B) epiphyseal plates C) synovial joints D) gomphoses

Answer: B Diff: 3 Page

Ref:74-75 11 Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. 51) Connective tissue that must resist forces pulling it from many different directions without stretching would most likely be A) areolar connective tissue. B) dense irregular connective tissue. C) dense regular connective tissue. D) reticular connective tissues.

Answer: B Diff: 3 Page

Ref:144 50) An osteon is composed of A) a cell body and a long, threadlike extension. B) cartilage. C) layers of bone lamellae surrounding a central canal. D) interstitial lamellae.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Page

Ref:76 12) Which of these diseases is characterized by a pathological loss of bone density? A) osteomalacia and rickets B) osteomyelitis C) osteoporosis D) achondroplasia E) Paget's disease

Answer: C Diff: 1 Page

Ref:125-126 52) The type of cartilage that can withstand the strongest compression and tension forces is A) hyaline cartilage. B) elastic cartilage. C) fibrocartilage. D) calcified cartilage.

Answer: C Diff: 2 Page

Ref:128-129 59) In the repair of a simple fracture, the step that follows formation of a hematoma is A) formation of a bony callus. B) inflammation. C) formation of fibrocartilaginous callus. D) bone remodeling.

Answer: C Diff: 2 Page

Ref:131, 133 71) The universal loss of skeletal mass that begins after age 40 A) is slower in women than in men. B) is absolutely uniform throughout the skeleton. C) reflects an imbalance in the bone-remodeling process. D) is due to increased blood flow to bones as individuals age.

Answer: C Diff: 2 Page

Ref:137-138 33) In an adult, the perichondrium A) inhibits growth and repair of cartilage. B) produces new chondrocytes. C) acts like a girdle to prevent matrix extrusion when cartilage is compressed. D) binds the cartilage to adjacent bones.

Answer: C Diff: 2 Page

Ref:138-139 55) The type of cartilage that comprises the epiglottis is A) hyaline cartilage. B) fibrocartilage. C) elastic cartilage. D) calcified cartilage.

Answer: C Diff: 2 Page

Ref:141 40) The process of bone growth is regulated by several hormones throughout the lifetime of an individual. The hormone most influential in skeletal growth prior to adolescence is secreted from the A) parathyroid gland. B) pancreas. C) pituitary gland. D) adrenal gland.

Answer: C Diff: 2 Page

Ref:142 37) In which type of fracture does the bone fragment into three or more pieces? A) greenstick B) epiphyseal C) comminuted D) spiral

Answer: C Diff: 2 Page

Ref:144 14) Which disease of the skeletal system is often associated with decreasing levels of estrogen, but may also result from inadequate weight-bearing exercise and nutritional deficiencies of calcium, vitamin D and protein? A) osteomalacia and rickets B) osteomyelitis C) osteoporosis D) achondroplasia E) Paget's disease

Answer: C Diff: 2 Page

Ref:128 28) Which of the following is the correct progression in the healing of a skeletal fracture? A) bone remodeling, bony callus, hematoma, fibrocartilage callus B) fibrocartilage callus, bone remodeling, bony callus, hematoma C) hematoma, fibrocartilage callus, bony callus, bone remodeling D) hematoma, bony callus, bone remodeling, fibrocartilage callus

Answer: C Diff: 3 Page

Ref:135 43) Muscles are not likely to tear from their bones because A) a circumferential lamella sandwiches the ends of the tendon onto the surface of an adjacent lamella. B) elastin fibers in the tendon can allow for stretching and recoil of the muscle. C) perforating fibers of collagen attach the tendons and periosteum to the cortical surfaces of bone. D) the tendons are partially ossified at their attachment points to the periosteum.

Answer: C Diff: 3 Page

Ref:136 42) Within a long bone of the skeleton, the circumferential lamellae are located in the A) trabeculae. B) osteons. C) external and internal regions of compact bone. D) marrow cavity.

Answer: C Diff: 3 Page

Ref:139 6 Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. 21) Which of these diseases can be treated by administering calcitonin and calcium supplements increased weight-bearing exercise and osteoclast-inhibiting drugs? A) osteomalacia and rickets B) osteomyelitis C) osteoporosis D) achondroplasia E) Paget's disease

Answer: C Diff: 3 Page

Ref:139-140 65) Which factor will decrease the rate of bone resorption? A) inadequate vitamin D intake B) long zero-gravity exposure C) mechanical stress D) prolonged bed rest

Answer: C Diff: 3 Page

Ref:141 47) Cartilage repairs slowly after adolescence because A) the perichondrium thickens, preventing diffusion of gasses and nutrients. B) the cartilage matrix becomes mineralized. C) chondrocytes no longer are able to divide. D) collagen synthesis ceases.

Answer: C Diff: 3 Page

Ref:158-162 26) Which of these bones/bony collections listed below is not part of the axial skeleton? A) the skull B) the sternum C) the pelvis D) the sacrum

Answer: C Diff: 1 Page

Ref:168 59) Which of the bones listed below is not a facial bone? A) lacrimal B) zygomatic C) parietal D) mandible

Answer: C Diff: 1 Page

Ref:197 41) Which of the bones listed below is the "heel" bone? A) hamate B) talus C) calcaneus D) cuboid

Answer: C Diff: 1 Page

Ref:217, 219 61) The only category of articulations with a joint cavity is a A) fibrous joint. B) cartilaginous joint. C) synovial joint. D) synostosis.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Page

Ref:228 21) Which of these joints incorporates two bones, the first costal cartilage, and an articular disc? A) elbow joint B) shoulder joint C) sternoclavicular joint D) hip joint E) ankle joint

Answer: C Diff: 1 Page

Ref:65-66 17) Bone and cartilage are examples of tissues in this category. A) muscle B) nervous C) connective D) epithelial

Answer: C Diff: 1 Page

Ref:151 7 Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. 27) The ribs that are attached posteriorly to the thoracic vertebrae but are not attached anteriorly are known as A) the true ribs. B) the false ribs. C) the floating ribs. D) vertebrosternal ribs.

Answer: C Diff: 2 Page

Ref:162-163 5 Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. 17) Which of these bones has a foramen that encircles the superior aspect of the spinal cord? A) mandible B) sphenoid bone C) occipital bone D) temporal bone E) ethmoid bone

Answer: C Diff: 2 Page

Ref:165 60) The sella turcica is a bony landmark of which bone listed below? A) parietal B) frontal C) sphenoid D) ethmoid

Answer: C Diff: 2 Page

Ref:168 31) The anterior cranial fossa is formed by the A) frontal bone. B) frontal and temporal bones. C) frontal, ethmoid, and sphenoid bones. D) frontal, sphenoid, and temporal bones.

Answer: C Diff: 2 Page

Ref:173 50) When in life does the lumbar curvature of the vertebral column appear? A) in the 2-month embryo B) at the time of birth C) in the toddler (about 1 year old) D) in old age

Answer: C Diff: 2 Page

Ref:179-180 70) The manubrium articulates with all of the bones listed below except A) rib 1. B) rib 2. C) the xiphoid. D) the clavicle.

Answer: C Diff: 2 Page

Ref:189 33) The pubic bone is characterized by all of the following except that it A) forms part of the obturator foramen. B) forms part of the acetabulum. C) forms part of the greater sciatic notch. D) fuses with the ischium.

Answer: C Diff: 2 Page

Ref:189 48) Which of the bony landmarks listed below is not part of the distal end of the humerus? A) capitulum B) trochlea C) intertubercular sulcus D) olecranon fossa

Answer: C Diff: 2 Page

Ref:190 20) The olecranon process is found on which of the bones listed below? A) radius B) tibia C) ulna D) humerus

Answer: C Diff: 2 Page

Ref:190-191 74) The bone that has a trochlea, a capitulum, and a greater tubercle is the A) tibia. B) femur. C) humerus. D) fibula.

Answer: C Diff: 2 Page

Ref:192 15 Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. 67) The fibula has all of the following features except the A) head. B) inferior tibiofibular joint (facet). C) medial malleolus. D) lateral malleolus.

Answer: C Diff: 2 Page

Ref:192 43) Which of the bones listed below is not part of the appendicular skeleton? A) patella B) femur C) sacrum D) navicular

Answer: C Diff: 2 Page

Ref:196-197 9 Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. 34) Which of the following statements about the male pelvis is false? A) The bones are heavier and rougher than in the female. B) The male pelvis is narrow and deep. C) The male pubic arch is wider than that of the female. D) The cavity of the true pelvis is smaller in the female.

Answer: C Diff: 2 Page

Ref:197 57) The auricular surface of the ilium A) attaches gluteal muscles. B) forms the lateral borders of the false pelvis. C) forms the sacroiliac joint. D) lines the interior of the acetabulum.

Answer: C Diff: 2 Page

Ref:199 30) The acromion of the scapula A) articulates with the humerus. B) attaches the biceps muscle of the arm. C) is an extension of the scapular spine. D) lies anterior to the coracoid process.

Answer: C Diff: 2 Page

Ref:202 25) The coronoid process is found on which of the bones listed below? A) radius B) tibia C) ulna D) humerus

Answer: C Diff: 2 Page

Ref:202 51) What is the cause of carpal tunnel syndrome? A) compression of the carpal bones B) fibrosis of the interosseous membrane C) compression of the median nerve D) damage to the radioulnar joint

Answer: C Diff: 2 Page

Ref:209-210 49) Capsular ligaments A) are covered by synovial membrane. B) are located outside the joint capsule. C) are thickened parts of the joint capsule itself. D) separate the synovial cavity into compartments.

Answer: C Diff: 2 Page

Ref:213 15 Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. 63) Synovial fluid is A) identical to blood plasma. B) an extract from the bone marrow. C) a filtrate of the blood, with added glycoproteins. D) fluid from edema.

Answer: C Diff: 2 Page

Ref:213 70) Pulling your shoulders back, or squaring them, involves which motion of the scapula? A) abduction B) pronation C) retraction D) opposition

Answer: C Diff: 2 Page

Ref:220 35) An example of a saddle-shaped synovial joint is the A) radioulnar joint B) temporomandibular joint. C) carpometacarpal of digit 1. D) glenohumeral joint.

Answer: C Diff: 2 Page

Ref:221 60) An example of a multiaxial joint is A) the proximal radioulnar joint. B) an intervertebral joint, between the articular processes. C) the hip. D) the pubic symphysis.

Answer: C Diff: 2 Page

Ref:224-226 17) Trauma at which of these joints is more likely to result in a bone fracture than a dislocation? A) elbow joint B) shoulder joint C) sternoclavicular joint D) hip joint E) ankle joint

Answer: C Diff: 2 Page

Ref:235 12 Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. 48) Which of the response pairs listed below does not correctly pair the joint category with its functional degree of mobility? A) suture: synarthrosis B) symphysis: amphiarthrosis C) synchondrosis: amphiarthrosis D) synovial: diarthrosis

Answer: C Diff: 2 Page

Ref:66 34) Which of the following provides the least resistance to diffusion? A) simple columnar epithelium B) simple cuboidal epithelium C) simple squamous epithelium D) stratified squamous epithelium

Answer: C Diff: 2 Page

Ref:67 15 Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. 71) The embryonic tissue that gives rise to the adult connective tissues, consisting of star-shaped cells separated by large amounts of extracellular matrix, is A) ectoderm. B) epithelium. C) mesenchyme. D) hypoblast.

Answer: C Diff: 2 Page

Ref:128-129 7) A long bone may be characterized by two diaphyses and one epiphysis.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Page

Ref:73 30) A structure that secretes hormones into the blood is A) a plasma cell. B) a goblet cell. C) an endocrine gland. D) an exocrine gland.

Answer: C Diff: 2 Page

Ref:78 25) Adipocytes are found in tissues belonging to this category. A) muscle B) nervous C) connective D) epithelial

Answer: C Diff: 2 Page

Ref:80 63) When cells from a cancerous tumor travel to other parts of the body, this process is called A) carcinogenesis. B) malignancy. C) metastasis. D) transformation.

Answer: C Diff: 2 Page

Ref:80 75) A connective tissue that has a liquid matrix is A) areolar connective tissue. B) tissue fluid. C) blood. D) epithelium.

Answer: C Diff: 2 Page

Ref:80-81 54) It might be argued that all the defense mechanisms in areolar connective tissue act to prevent infection from reaching which other tissue type? A) bone B) epithelium C) blood D) muscle

Answer: C Diff: 2 Page

Ref:81 26) Which of the following is not associated with connective tissue? A) areolar B) collagen C) goblet cells D) chondrocytes

Answer: C Diff: 2 Page

Ref:81 55) Despite their name, many types of cell junction are not very strong at joining and holding cells together. The cell junctions that best keep cells from being pulled apart are A) tight junctions. B) gap junctions. C) desmosomes. D) zonula occludens.

Answer: C Diff: 2 Page

Ref:93 65) Of the following, the tissue with the greatest capacity for regeneration is A) skeletal muscle. B) neurons. C) epithelium. D) smooth muscle.

Answer: C Diff: 2 Page

Ref:95 21) Ligaments are examples of tissues in this category. A) muscle B) nervous C) connective D) epithelial

Answer: C Diff: 2 Page

Ref:165 67) Whereas the inferior concha is a projection from the maxilla, the superior and middle nasal conchae are projections of the ________ bone. A) sphenoid B) vomer C) ethmoid D) palatine

Answer: C Diff: 3 Page

Ref:171-172 74) All of the bony landmarks listed below are found within the orbit except the A) superior orbital fissure. B) inferior orbital fissure. C) infraorbital foramen. D) optic canal.

Answer: C Diff: 3 Page

Ref:179 65) Which of the vertebral characteristics described below, would not distinguish a lumbar vertebra from a thoracic vertebra? A) absence of costal facets B) posteromedial facing superior facets C) presence of an inferior vertebral notch D) triangular-shaped vertebral foramen

Answer: C Diff: 3 Page

Ref:192 62) The supraspinous fossa is in the ________ region of the scapula. A) anterosuperior B) anteroinferior C) posterosuperior D) posteroinferior

Answer: C Diff: 3 Page

Ref:200 19) The trochlear notch is found on which of the bones listed below? A) radius B) tibia C) ulna D) humerus

Answer: C Diff: 3 Page

Ref:209 72) All of the following can be performed at the wrist except A) flexion and extension of the hand. B) circumduction of the hand. C) rotation of the hand. D) abduction and adduction of the hand.

Answer: C Diff: 3 Page

Ref:213 13 Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. 53) Of the joints listed below, the only joint with a relatively shallow or flat articular surface is the A) ankle joint. B) hip joint. C) shoulder joint. D) elbow joint.

Answer: C Diff: 3 Page

Ref:217 55) What type of excessive motion do anterior ligaments resist? A) abduction B) adduction C) extension D) flexion

Answer: C Diff: 3 Page

Ref:67 45) Microvilli can perform all of the following functions except A) enhance the rate of absorption. B) enhance the rate of secretion. C) moving and propelling fluids. D) anchoring mucus.

Answer: C Diff: 3 Page

Ref:89 32) The difference between a basal lamina and a basement membrane is that A) the basal lamina is thicker. B) they lie on opposite surfaces of the epithelium. C) a basal lamina plus a layer of reticular fibers equals a basement membrane. D) only the basal lamina can be seen by light microscopy.

Answer: C Diff: 3 Page

Ref:93 6 Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. 24) Tissues in this category are characterized by an extracellular matrix that holds some amount of fluid. A) muscle B) nervous C) connective D) epithelial

Answer: C Diff: 3 Page

Ref:95-97 53) Glycosaminoglycans and proteoglycans are components of A) blood. B) inflammation. C) ground substance. D) reticular fibers.

Answer: C Diff: 3 Page

Ref:99 64) A muscle fiber is A) the same as a collagen fiber that is viewed by electron microscopy. B) part of a striation of a muscle cell. C) a muscle cell. D) an intercalated disc.

Answer: C Diff: 3 Page

Ref:190-191 4) Describe carpal tunnel syndrome.

Answer: Carpal tunnel syndrome results from entrapment and/or compression of nerves passing through the carpal tunnel, on the anterior surface of the wrist. The median nerve is the primary nerve involved. When it is compressed, numbness, tingling, and weakness of the fingers ensues. Carpal tunnel syndrome is among a group of conditions called repetitive stress injuries. Diff: 2 Page

Ref:125-127 4) Explain how the epiphyseal plate remains a constant width until puberty is completed.

Answer: Chrondrocytes proximal to the medullary cavity of the long bone are relatively inactive and eventually are deprived of nutrients by calcification of the surrounding matrix. These dead chrondrocytes are replaced by osteoclasts and osteoblasts. Meanwhile, the chrondrocytes closer to the epiphyses rapidly undergo mitosis and are actively secreting additional cartilage matrix. These cells proliferate at about the same rate as others die. In this way, the plate maintains its thickness until the rate of proliferation slows as puberty is completed. Diff: 2 Page

Ref:153-154 7.4 Essay Questions 1) List the bones that articulate at each of the four major sutures of the skull.

Answer: Coronal: frontal and parietal bones. Squamous: parietal and temporal bones. Sagittal: between the parietal bones. Lambdoid suture: parietal and occipital bones. Diff: 2 Page

Ref:140 73) The cell responsible for secreting the matrix of cartilage is the A) osteocyte. B) osteoblast. C) osteoclast. D) chondroblast.

Answer: D Diff: 1 Page

Ref:144 26) A long bone that is fractured midshaft has damaged the A) meniscus. B) articular cartilage. C) epiphysis. D) diaphysis.

Answer: D Diff: 1 Page

Ref:127 75) Repair of a simple fracture begins with A) calcification of dense connective tissue. B) granulation tissue formation. C) hyaline cartilage deposition. D) inflammation and hematoma formation.

Answer: D Diff: 2 Page

Ref:128 35) Which of the following statements about a long bone is false? A) It has a diaphysis. B) It has two distinct ends. C) It is longer than it is wide. D) It must be more than 5 inches in length.

Answer: D Diff: 2 Page

Ref:129 31) Blood vessels to the diaphysis move through the A) epiphyseal plate. B) articular cartilage. C) foramen magnum. D) nutrient foramen.

Answer: D Diff: 2 Page

Ref:132-135 12 Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. 51) What type of tissue is the embryonic precursor for long bones in the fetal skeleton? A) elastic connective tissue B) dense connective tissue proper C) fibrocartilage D) hyaline cartilage

Answer: D Diff: 2 Page

Ref:141 5 Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. 17) Which of these results from a genetic mutation that leads to premature endochondral ossification before adult height can be reached? A) osteomalacia and rickets B) osteomyelitis C) osteoporosis D) achondroplasia E) Paget's disease

Answer: D Diff: 2 Page

Ref:141 70) Which of the following is not present in the central canals of osteons? A) blood vessels B) nerves C) endosteum D) osteocytes

Answer: D Diff: 2 Page

Ref:144 49) Rickets most often results from a deficiency of vitamin A) A. B) B. C) C. D) D.

Answer: D Diff: 2 Page

Ref:146 20) Which of these is a skeletal disorder resulting from mutations in a gene that leads to the most common form of dwarfism? A) osteomalacia and rickets B) osteomyelitis C) osteoporosis D) achondroplasia E) Paget's disease

Answer: D Diff: 2 Page

Ref:125-126 57) If a bone is thin, flattened, and somewhat curved, that bone is a(n) ________ bone. A) long B) short C) irregular D) flat

Answer: D Diff: 3 Page

Ref:136& 140 11 Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. 46) A hormone that increases the bone-degrading activity of osteoclasts is A) an androgen (male sex hormone). B) an estrogen (female sex hormone). C) thyroid hormone. D) parathyroid hormone.

Answer: D Diff: 3 Page

Ref:141 23) Which of these is a congenital condition primarily affecting long bones? A) osteomalacia and rickets B) osteomyelitis C) osteoporosis D) achondroplasia E) Paget's disease

Answer: D Diff: 3 Page

Ref:142 38) Osteoid is A) the mineral part of the bone matrix. B) secreted by osteocytes. C) the entire extracellular matrix of bone. D) the organic part of bone matrix prior to mineralization.

Answer: D Diff: 3 Page

Ref:224 6 Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. 18) Which of these joints is stabilized by an iliofemoral ligament, a pubofemoral ligament, and an ischiofemoral ligament? A) elbow joint B) shoulder joint C) sternoclavicular joint D) hip joint E) ankle joint

Answer: D Diff: 1 Page

Ref:163 40) Which of the facial bones listed below is unpaired? A) palatine B) zygomatic C) lacrimal D) vomer

Answer: D Diff: 1 Page

Ref:164 45) Which bones are divided by the sagittal suture? A) occipital and parietal B) frontal and parietal C) temporal and parietal D) right and left parietal bones

Answer: D Diff: 1 Page

Ref:175-177 66) The primary bone underlying the cheek is the A) maxillary. B) temporal. C) frontal. D) zygomatic.

Answer: D Diff: 1 Page

Ref:190 17) The deltoid tuberosity is found on which of the bones listed below? A) radius B) tibia C) ulna D) humerus

Answer: D Diff: 1 Page

Ref:190 38) The bone of the palm that articulates with the shortest digit is A) metacarpal I. B) metacarpal II. C) metacarpal III. D) metacarpal V.

Answer: D Diff: 1 Page

Ref:196 58) When an individual "breaks a hip," the most common location of the fracture is the A) acetabulum of the os coxa. B) diaphysis of the femur. C) iliac crest of the os coxa. D) neck of the femur.

Answer: D Diff: 1 Page

Ref:196 65) Which of these bones of the appendicular skeleton are unpaired? A) humerus B) clavicle C) os coxae D) None; all appendicular bones are paired.

Answer: D Diff: 1 Page

Ref:221 73) Biaxial joints cannot A) abduct. B) adduct. C) flex. D) rotate.

Answer: D Diff: 1 Page

Ref:226 20) Which of these joints utilizes the acetabulum? A) elbow joint B) shoulder joint C) sternoclavicular joint D) hip joint E) ankle joint

Answer: D Diff: 1 Page

Answer: D Diff: 2 Page

Ref:156 18) Which of these bones has a squamous and petrous region? A) mandible B) sphenoid bone C) occipital bone D) temporal bone E) ethmoid bone

Answer: D Diff: 2 Page

Ref:156 43) Which of the bones listed below does not contribute to the cranial floor? A) occipital B) sphenoid C) frontal D) palatine

Answer: D Diff: 2 Page

Ref:156-158 30) Which of the bones listed below does not contain air sinuses? A) the frontal bone B) the ethmoid C) the maxilla D) the mandible

Answer: D Diff: 2 Page

Ref:158-162 23) Which of these bones has a mastoid process and a styloid process? A) mandible B) sphenoid bone C) occipital bone D) temporal bone E) ethmoid bone

Answer: D Diff: 2 Page

Ref:160 39) A condyle is a bone marking that is A) a sharp, slender, pointed projection. B) a long, narrow ridge of bone. C) a large opening through a bone. D) a large projection for bone to bone articulation.

Answer: D Diff: 2 Page

Ref:165 44) The ridge-like bone or bones that separate(s) the posterior from the middle cranial fossa is (are) the A) occipital bone. B) sphenoid bone. C) frontal bone. D) temporal bones.

Answer: D Diff: 2 Page

Ref:168-169 16) The coronoid fossa is found on which of the bones listed below? A) radius B) tibia C) ulna D) humerus

Answer: D Diff: 2 Page

Ref:181 38) The sella turcica of the sphenoid bone A) anchors the brain into the anterior cranial fossa. B) attaches neck muscles the skull. C) forms the superior portion of the nasal septum. D) holds the pituitary gland.

Answer: D Diff: 2 Page

Ref:187 71) By anatomical definition the leg extends from the A) back (including the pelvis) to the tips of the toes. B) the top of the femur to the ankle. C) acetabulum to the metatarsals. D) knee to the ankle.

Answer: D Diff: 2 Page

Ref:187-188 64) The ischium has all of these features listed below except the A) ischial tuberosity. B) ischial spine. C) body. D) superior ramus.

Answer: D Diff: 2 Page

Ref:191 45) Which border of the scapula is proximal to the vertebral column? A) superior B) inferior C) lateral D) medial

Answer: D Diff: 2 Page

Ref:192 32) The rotator cuff muscles attach to the humerus at the A) deltoid tuberosity. B) epicondyles. C) supracondylar ridges. D) tubercles.

Answer: D Diff: 2 Page

Ref:197 59) The fibula A) articulates with the femur. B) crosses the tibia when the leg is rotated. C) forms the lateral border of the knee joint. D) stabilizes the ankle joint.

Answer: D Diff: 2 Page

Ref:97 12) The cutaneous membrane is the skin.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Page

Ref:203 69) All of these statements regarding the acetabulum are true except A) The acetabulum is where the three pelvic bones intersect. B) The acetabulum participates in the hip joint. C) The acetabulum is cup-shaped. D) The acetabulum articulates with the sacrum.

Answer: D Diff: 2 Page

Ref:209 31) The condition in which excessive amounts of synovial fluid effuse into a joint cavity is called A) chondromalacia. B) ankylosing spondylitis. C) arthroplasty. D) synovitis.

Answer: D Diff: 2 Page

Ref:211 64) Tendon sheaths A) surround all tendons. B) contain articular cartilages. C) differ from bursae in that they are not lubricating in function. D) wrap the tendons that are crowded in the carpal tunnel.

Answer: D Diff: 2 Page

Ref:211-212 50) Cartilaginous joints A) allow free movement. B) allow movement in only one plane as a hinge. C) are seen in sutural lines. D) include symphyses.

Answer: D Diff: 2 Page

Ref:215 75) Expansion of the rib cage during inhalation is possible because the costovertebral joints are A) amphiarthrotic. B) biaxial. C) synchondroses. D) synovial.

Answer: D Diff: 2 Page

Ref:217 40) By hyperextending a thigh at the hip joint, you could A) hit your chin with your knee. B) perform the same movement as circumduction. C) squeeze both thighs together. D) bring your knee and leg to a position posterior to the thorax.

Answer: D Diff: 2 Page

Ref:226 26) Which structure(s) directly secures the humerus to the glenoid cavity? A) the rotator cuff B) the glenohumeral ligaments C) the coracohumeral ligament D) the tendon of the biceps brachii muscle

Answer: D Diff: 2 Page

Ref:228-229 16 Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. 69) A bursa differs from the synovial cavity of a joint in that it A) contains no synovial fluid. B) is not involved in lubrication. C) has no synovial membrane. D) need not be attached to any bone.

Answer: D Diff: 2 Page

Ref:67 16) Which major tissue category includes tissues that function in secretion, absorption, and filtration? A) muscle B) nervous C) connective D) epithelial

Answer: D Diff: 2 Page

Ref:73-74 40) Which one of the following basic types of tissues functions to control the body? A) epithelial B) connective C) muscle D) nervous

Answer: D Diff: 2 Page

Ref:76 33) Which of the following is not a characteristic of epithelia? A) highly cellular with little extracellular matrix B) innervated C) specialized cell-cell junctions D) vascular

Answer: D Diff: 2 Page

Ref:76 47) Ligaments consist primarily of which kind of connective tissue? A) loose areolar B) dense irregular C) cartilage D) dense regular

Answer: D Diff: 2 Page

Ref:79 67) A common example of a unicellular exocrine gland is A) a fibroblast. B) any hormone-secreting cell. C) an endothelial cell. D) a goblet cell.

Answer: D Diff: 2 Page

Ref:89 69) When unstretched, transitional epithelium looks most like ________ epithelium. A) simple squamous B) pseudostratified columnar C) stratified squamous D) stratified cuboidal

Answer: D Diff: 2 Page

Ref:95-97 60) The best definition of fibrosis is A) the production of collagen fibers. B) the production of elastic fibers. C) the formation of dense regular connective tissue. D) the formation of scar tissue.

Answer: D Diff: 2 Page

Ref:97 58) All lining and covering membranes consist of A) an epithelium only. B) a serosa. C) an epithelium, a connective tissue, and smooth muscle. D) epithelium and connective tissue.

Answer: D Diff: 2 Page

Ref:156 34) Which of the bones listed below does not have a zygomatic process? A) frontal B) maxillary C) temporal D) zygomatic

Answer: D Diff: 3 Page

Ref:171 54) Which type of movement is not possible between the lumbar vertebrae? A) flexion B) extension C) lateral flexion D) circumduction

Answer: D Diff: 3 Page

Ref:187-188 46) Which of the bones listed below does not articulate with the clavicle? A) scapula B) rib 1 C) manubrium D) 7th vertebra

Answer: D Diff: 3 Page

Ref:190 26) Which bone is the keystone of the medial arch of the foot? A) calcaneus B) cuboid C) navicular D) talus

Answer: D Diff: 3 Page

Ref:196 29) Which of the following statements about the patella is false? A) It is roughly triangular in shape. B) It is a sesamoid bone. C) It acts to protect the knee joint anteriorly. D) It articulates with the femur, tibia, and fibula.

Answer: D Diff: 3 Page

Ref:203 54) The boundaries of the pelvic outlet include all those listed below except the A) ischial tuberosity. B) sacrum. C) coccyx. D) gluteal tuberosity.

Answer: D Diff: 3 Page

Ref:209 9 Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. 33) Which of the factors listed below contributes least to hip joint stability? A) muscle tone B) ligaments in the articular capsule C) the deep socket D) ligaments attached to the head of the femur

Answer: D Diff: 3 Page

Ref:211-212 30) When the fibrous tissue of sutures ossifies, the resulting joint is called a A) symphysis. B) synchondrosis. C) syndesmosis. D) synostosis.

Answer: D Diff: 3 Page

Ref:214, 222-224 67) Based on the definition of luxation, a subluxation must be A) a mild case of Lyme disease. B) rheumatoid arthritis on one side of the body only. C) reduction of a joint. D) a partially dislocated joint.

Answer: D Diff: 3 Page

Ref:215 52) Articular discs are found in all of the following joints except the A) sternoclavicular. B) temporomandibular. C) tibiofemoral. D) vertebrocostal.

Answer: D Diff: 3 Page

Ref:220 56) An example of a diarthrotic synchondrosis A) is the epiphyseal plate. B) is the intertarsal joint. C) is the knee. D) does not exist.

Answer: D Diff: 3 Page

Ref:232 59) Which of the following movements is not possible at the condyloid metacarpophalangeal joints of fingers 2-5? A) flexion B) circumduction C) adduction D) rotation

Answer: D Diff: 3 Page

Ref:235 68) All of these stabilizing structures provide structural support to the hip joint except the A) iliofemoral ligament. B) ischiofemoral ligament. C) pubofemoral ligament. D) ligament of the head of the femur.

Answer: D Diff: 3 Page

Ref:72 36) A type of connective tissue that is not a connective tissue proper is A) dense irregular connective tissue. B) areolar tissue. C) adipose tissue. D) cartilage.

Answer: D Diff: 3 Page

Ref:73 27) The major function of stratified squamous epithelium is A) diffusion. B) absorption. C) filtration. D) protection from abrasion.

Answer: D Diff: 3 Page

Ref:79 37) A stratified epithelium that thins and flattens as the tissue stretches is a A) pseudostratified epithelium. B) stratified cuboidal epithelium. C) stratified squamous epithelium. D) transitional epithelium.

Answer: D Diff: 3 Page

Ref:139 18) Most bone disorders are characterized by bone loss; which of these diseases is characterized by excessive bone deposition? A) osteomalacia and rickets B) osteomyelitis C) osteoporosis D) achondroplasia E) Paget's disease

Answer: E Diff: 2 Page

Ref:143-144 22) Which of these skeletal disorders is characterized in the later stages by excessive rates of bone deposition, where medullary cavities may fill with bony matrix? A) osteomalacia and rickets B) osteomyelitis C) osteoporosis D) achondroplasia E) Paget's disease

Answer: E Diff: 2 Page

Ref:146 16) Which skeletal disorder is more common in older persons and has an abnormally high ratio of immature woven bone to mature compact bone? A) osteomalacia and rickets B) osteomyelitis C) osteoporosis D) achondroplasia E) Paget's disease

Answer: E Diff: 2 Page

Ref:224 22) Which of these joints allows for dorsiflexion and plantar flexion? A) elbow joint B) shoulder joint C) sternoclavicular joint D) hip joint E) ankle joint

Answer: E Diff: 1 Page

Ref:156-158 24) Which of these bones has both the cribriform plate and the crista galli? A) mandible B) sphenoid bone C) occipital bone D) temporal bone E) ethmoid bone

Answer: E Diff: 2 Page

Ref:162-163 20) Which of these bones forms part of the interior of the nasal cavity and the orbit for the eye? A) mandible B) sphenoid bone C) occipital bone D) temporal bone E) ethmoid bone

Answer: E Diff: 2 Page

Ref:66-67 3) List at least four characteristics that distinguish epithelial tissues from other types of tissues.

Answer: Epithelia are composed almost entirely of cells, have specialized contacts, have a free apical surface and a lower basal surface, are supported by underlying connective tissue, are avascular but innervated, and have a high capacity for regeneration. Diff: 2 Page

Ref:98 2) Describe the classification of epithelial tissues.

Answer: Epithelia may be simple (single layered) or stratified (in more than one layer). The cells that form it may be flat and platelike (squamous), roughly square (cuboidal), or tall and slender (columnar). Diff: 2 Page

Ref:125-127 5) A fracture in which the bone breaks cleanly but does not penetrate the skin is a compound fracture.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Page

Ref:141 6.2 True/False Questions 1) Microscopic inspection of hyaline cartilage would show prominent parallel bundles of collagen fibers.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Page

Ref:125-126 2) In appositional growth, chondrocytes within cartilage divide and secrete new matrix.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 3 Page

Ref:127 4) Cartilage is strong in resisting twisting and bending but weak in resisting tension and compression.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 3 Page

Ref:134 11) Circumferential lamellae occur around the entire outer and inner surfaces of compact bone, and they are considered remnants of old osteons that have been disrupted by bone remodeling.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 3 Page

Ref:135 12) As cartilage ages, calcium salts are deposited and mineralize the cartilage, turning it into bone.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 3 Page

Ref:153 4) The first 10 pairs of ribs are true ribs.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Page

Ref:151 3) The cranial vault forms the superior, inferior, and lateral aspects of the skull.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Page

Ref:162 14) The cervical and thoracic curves are primary curves.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Page

Ref:164 11) The superior and inferior nasal conchae are part of the ethmoid bone.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Page

Ref:195 5) The subscapular fossa lies inferior to the spine and faces posteriorly.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Page

Ref:202 11) The distal end of the ulna is the olecranon process.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Page

Ref:202 8.2 True/False Questions 1) The coracoid process of the scapula articulates with the clavicle.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Page

Ref:205 9) The greater and lesser tubercles are sites of muscle attachment on the proximal lateral aspect of the femur.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Page

Ref:209 2) One type of cartilage, fibrocartilage, characterizes all cartilaginous joints.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Page

Ref:210 5) Synovial fluid is slippery because of glycoproteins that are secreted by fibroblasts located within the articular cartilage.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Page

Ref:211-212 11) Amphiarthroses are more movable than diarthroses.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Page

Ref:220 9.2 True/False Questions 1) Synarthroses are freely movable joints.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Page

Ref:237 9) The sternoclavicular joint (SC) is a modified hinge joint.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Page

Ref:76 9) Unlike other connective tissues, bone is not considered to be a living tissue.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Page

Ref:89 3) In bony tissues, chondrocytes are found in the lacunae.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Page

Ref:89 4) Dense regular connective tissue is characterized by giving strength in all directions.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Page

Ref:181 8) The head of a rib articulates with the transverse process of the vertebra.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 3 Page

Ref:199 13) The pubic symphysis is a pad of hyaline cartilage between the two pubic bones.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 3 Page

Ref:213 14) A person who states that they are "double-jointed" is capable of joint hyperextension and has more phalangeal joints than the average person.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 3 Page

Ref:214 15) The atlantoaxial joint is a saddle joint.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 3 Page

Ref:93 15) Dense regular connective tissue gains its strength from the multitude of actin fibers that make up the bulk of the matrix.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 3 Page

Answer: First, hematoma formation stops the flow of blood at the point of the break. Fibrocartilage callus formation is facilitated by the cells of the periosteum and endosteum, leading to a soft callus. Bony callus formation follows, by endochondral ossification, and the trabeculae span the break in the bone. Bone remodeling occurs over a number of months and includes removal of excess bony material and the appropriate addition of compact bone. Diff: 2 Page

Ref:141-143 3) Describe the three types of cartilage and their defining characteristics.

Answer: Hyaline cartilage is the most abundant. Unstained, it appears "glassy" under the microscope; collagen fibers are not visible using light microscopy but are present in the matrix, providing strength and flexibility. Elastic cartilage contains many more dark-staining elastic fibers in the matrix (which are visible with light microscopy), They allow this cartilage to readily deform and recoil. Fibrocartilage contains thicker collagen fibers, oriented between rows of chondrocytes, and is resistant to both compression and tension forces. Diff: 2 Page

Ref:137 6.4 Essay Questions 1) Discuss the changes that occur during osteoporosis and their causes.

Answer: In osteoporosis there is loss of bone mass and loss of trabeculae, and the compact bone becomes thinner and less dense. Fractures then become common. It occurs more often in the elderly and post-menopausal women because of the decline in estrogen production. Additional contributing factors include insufficient weight-bearing exercise and a diet insufficient in calcium, vitamin D and protein. Diff: 2 Page

Ref:153-154 2) List the 14 bones of the face. Identify which are paired (with the letter P) and which are unpaired (using UP).

Answer: Mandible (UP), maxillae (P), zygomatics (P), nasals (P), lacrimals (P), palatines (P), inferior nasal conchae (P), vomer (UP) Diff: 1 Page

Ref:213 7) This is the action by which the thumb touches the tips of the other fingers.

Answer: Opposition Diff: 2 Page

Ref:146 13) ________ is the term for pain in a bone, typical after bone grafting or bone removal.

Answer: Ostealgia Diff: 2 Page

Ref:237 9.4 Essay Questions 1) Describe the joint-associated problems that can occur as normal changes to the articular cartilage as an individual ages.

Answer: Osteoarthritis to some degree, will typically affect most individuals as they grow older. Damage done to joints when an individual is young can cause problems as a person ages. Metalloproteinase enzymes released during joint damage may break down the matrix of the articular cartilage. As time goes by, recurring microdamage diminishes the thickness of the articular cartilage and ultimately results in chronic inflammation and diminished mobility at the joint(s). Regular exercise and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can minimize inflammation, alleviating some of the symptoms of osteoarthritis. Diff: 2 Page

Ref:144 10) ________ is characterized by an increased prevalence in teens and young adults with pain in long bones of the extremities. If untreated, metastasis to the lungs is common.

Answer: Osteosarcoma Diff: 2 Page

Answer: Paget's disease Diff: 2 Page

Ref:127 3) ________ canals lie perpendicular to the central, or Haversian, canals.

Answer: Perforating or Volkmann's Diff: 2 Page

Ref:84 10) Identify two different locations in the human body where elastic cartilage is found.

Answer: Pinna of the ear, epiglottis of the larynx Diff: 1 Page

Ref:141 9) ________ is a condition in children that was more common early in the nineteenth century, before vitamin D was added to milk in most developed countries.

Answer: Rickets Diff: 2 Page

Answer: Stem cells may be used to "make" replacement tissues; may help to alleviate degenerative diseases; and could form new tissues, such as bone marrow cells, cardiac cells, and other tissues that have been damaged or have died. Further, they may be used to treat degenerative neurological tissues, because nerve tissue cannot effectively repair itself. Diff: 2 Page

Ref:217 8) ________ causes the forearm to rotate laterally.

Answer: Supination Diff: 2 Page

Ref:235 2) Describe the three types of fibrous joints, including examples of each.

Answer: Sutures are located between many of the bones of the skull, with fibers of the joint continuous with the periosteum of the adjacent bones. Syndesmoses are connected by long fibrous ligaments, such as those found at the distal tibiofibular articulation. Considerable motion is possible at these types of joints, even though there is no synovial capsule. Gomphoses are found between the roots of the teeth and the tooth sockets of the mandible and maxilla. The teeth are held in place with numerous, short periodontal ligaments. Diff: 2 Page

Ref:146 15) Membrane bones form directly from mesenchyme without being modeled in cartilage.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Page

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Page

Ref:138 14) Pathologic fractures occur in a diseased bone and involve slight or no physical trauma.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Page

Ref:141 6) The bones of your hand and fingers would all be categorized as long bones.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Page

Ref:128-129 8) Examples of flat bones include the ribs, sternum, the bones of the head surrounding the brain case, and the scapula.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Page

Ref:129 10) Osteocytes, residing within lacunae, are connected via canaliculi.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Page

Ref:129 9) A sesamoid bone is a specialized short bone that develops within a tendon, such as the patella.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Page

Ref:180-181 6) The term process in anatomical terminology means any prominence on a bone.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Page

Ref:186 2) The metacarpus is the palm of the hand.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Page

Ref:192 3) The thumb has no middle phalanx.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Page

Ref:209 12) One could characterize a bursa as a sac of synovial fluid.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Page

Ref:167-168 20 Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. 5) Name the four bones that contain the paranasal sinuses. What lines these sinuses? What is the primary function of the sinuses? Why are they called paranasal sinuses?

Answer: The ethmoid, sphenoid, frontal, and maxillary bones contain the sinuses. Mucous membranes line these cavities. They function in lightening the weight of the skull. They are called paranasal sinuses because they are in close proximity to the nasal cavity. Diff: 2 Page

Ref:197 2) Describe some of the anatomical characteristics of the female pelvis that are adaptations for childbearing.

Answer: The female pelvis is typically wider, shallower, and lighter to provide more room in the true pelvis, through which the infant must pass during childbirth. The pubic arch is broader as well, reflecting the wider pelvis. The pelvis itself is tilted forward and has a larger enclosed cavity. Diff: 2 Page

Ref:194 8.4 Essay Questions 1) What are the anatomical differences between male and female athletes that result in a greater incidence of knee problems for women?

Answer: The femur courses medially along its length toward the knee; because of the wider pelvis in women, this angle is even more pronounced. This results in a greater angle between the femur and the tibia, which is nearly vertical in position and leads to greater instability at the joint. Diff: 2 Page

Ref:165 3) Describe how the longitudinal ligaments, ligamentum flavum, and intervertebral discs control the flexibility of the vertebral column.

Answer: The intervertebral discs are located between adjacent vertebrae, giving the vertebral column the ability to stretch and compress. The annulus fibrosus places limits on these motions. The anterior and posterior longitudinal ligaments prevent hyperextension and hyperflexion, respectively. The ligamentum flavum assists in recoil after anterior flexion of the vertebral column. Diff: 3 Page

Ref:209-210 3) Compare the structure and function of the two major joint surfaces of the wrist.

Answer: The radiocarpal joint is a condyloid joint between the radius and the scaphoid and lunate. This joint allows for movements of flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and circumduction. The intercarpal joints between adjacent carpals are planar joints, which allow for gliding movements. Diff: 3 Page

Answer: The radius has an ulnar notch at its distal end that articulates with the head of the ulna. The proximal end of the ulna has a radial notch that articulates with the head of the radius. The head of the radius articulates with the capitulum of the humerus. The trochlear notch of the ulna articulates with the trochlea of the humerus. Diff: 3 Page

Ref:194 5) Describe two anatomical characteristics of the glenohumeral joint that contribute to the high degree of mobility at the shoulder.

Answer: The scapula and upper limb are attached to the axial skeleton only by the clavicle; the scapula itself does not articulate with the axial skeleton. This allows the scapula to move freely over the thorax. Additionally, the humerus articulates with the essentially flat glenoid cavity, allowing for free rotation of the arm. Diff: 1 Page

Ref:175 5) Surgery to remove part of the cranium is referred to as ________.

Answer: a craniotomy Diff: 2 Page

Ref:180 13) What is the term for a smooth, flat articular surface on vertebrae?

Answer: a facet Diff: 2 Page

Ref:209 3) This joint is structurally reinforced by talofibular and tibiofibular ligaments.

Answer: ankle joint Diff: 2 Page

Ref:179 9) This is the largest fontanelle of the skull.

Answer: anterior fontanelle Diff: 2 Page

Ref:133-134 4) The joint surface of each epiphysis is covered with a thin layer of hyaline cartilage called the ________.

Answer: articular cartilage Diff: 2 Page

Ref:67 2) This is the sheet of tissue between the epithelium and the connective tissue below it.

Answer: basal lamina Diff: 2 Page

Ref:145 11) A(n) ________ is common in older persons and is a projection on a bone due to abnormal bone overgrowth.

Answer: bone spur Diff: 2 Page

Ref:87 9) This type of fat is important in babies to aid in thermoregulation.

Answer: brown fat Diff: 2 Page

Ref:127 2) The two primary minerals stored in bone are ________ and ________.

Answer: calcium and phosphate Diff: 2 Page

Ref:86 13) Nervous tissue and ________ tissues are generally thought to lack the capability to regenerate.

Answer: cardiac muscle Diff: 2 Page

Ref:173 14) The occipital, sphenoid, and ethmoid bones and parts of the temporal bone form from what type of embryonic tissue?

Answer: cartilage Diff: 3 Page

Answer: cleft palate Diff: 2 Page

Answer: collagen Diff: 2 Page

Ref:98 15) After a wound has healed, the scar that remains is nearly entirely composed of ________ fibers.

Answer: collagen Diff: 2 Page

Ref:186 2) When examining the clavicle, one would find the ________ tubercle at the acromial end.

Answer: conoid Diff: 2 Page

Ref:181 15) Name the four longest sutures of the skull.

Answer: coronal, sagittal, squamous, and lambdoid Diff: 3 Page

Ref:192 5) When the forearm is flexed at the elbow, the coronoid process of the ulna fits into the ________ fossa of the humerus.

Answer: coronoid Diff: 2 Page

Ref:200 15) The pelvic girdle consists of the paired ________.

Answer: coxal bones Diff: 2 Page

Ref:199 7) The ________ is the tarsal bone lateral to the navicular.

Answer: cuboid Diff: 2 Page

Ref:139 6) A blow to the head results in a portion of the broken bone pressed inward; this type of fracture is known as ________.

Answer: depressed Diff: 2 Page

Ref:76 5) Linker proteins in the extracellular space join cytoplasmic plaques on adjacent epithelial cells in this type of cell junction.

Answer: desmosome Diff: 2 Page

Ref:169-170 11) A nasal septum that is markedly off center is a(n) ________.

Answer: deviated septum Diff: 2 Page

Ref:190 9) Most fingers and toes have a proximal, a middle, and a ________ phalanx.

Answer: distal Diff: 1 Page

Ref:87 11) This term refers to the accumulation of fluid at a site of inflammation.

Answer: edema Diff: 2 Page

Ref:71-72 38) Only one type of fiber in connective tissue can be stretched and then recoil—return to its original length and shape. This fiber is the

Answer: elastic fiber. Diff: 2 Page

Ref:80 7) Elastic fibers are comprised of the protein ________.

Answer: elastin Diff: 1 Page

Ref:142 7) Treatment of osteoporosis with vitamin D, calcium, and weight-bearing exercise is helpful and not controversial. Treatments that include ________ is controversial because it may lead to increased risk of heart attack, stroke and breast cancer.

Answer: estrogen replacement therapy Diff: 2 Page

Answer: evert Diff: 2 Page

Ref:76 3) An ________ gland releases its products through ducts onto body surfaces or into body cavities.

Answer: exocrine Diff: 2 Page

Ref:96 12) Deep ________ is a dense regular connective tissue that wraps around muscle groups, large vessels, and nerves.

Answer: fascia Diff: 2 Page

Ref:80 8) The outermost layers of intervertebral discs and the pubic symphysis are comprised of this type of cartilage.

Answer: fibrocartilage Diff: 2 Page

Ref:186-187 3) In anatomical position, the ________ is the most lateral bone in the leg.

Answer: fibula Diff: 2 Page

Ref:197 14) An interosseous membrane is found between the tibia and the ________ in the lower extremity.

Answer: fibula Diff: 2 Page

Ref:196 13) The head of the femur has a ________, from which a ligament extends that attaches to the inner surface of the acetabulum.

Answer: fovea capitis Diff: 2 Page

Ref:213 6) Perhaps the simplest synovial joint, a(n) ________ joint occurs when two flat surfaces of bones move over each other.

Answer: gliding Diff: 3 Page

Ref:216-217 14) This is a type of arthritis in which crystals of urate accumulate in the synovial membranes.

Answer: gout (gouty arthritis) Diff: 2 Page

Ref:181 10) This bone of the axial skeleton does not articulate with any other bone.

Answer: hyoid Diff: 1 Page

Ref:146 12) A bone graft often uses a piece of the ________ that is placed where bone has been damaged or removed.

Answer: ilium Diff: 2 Page

Ref:192 10) When you sit cross-legged for a while on a hard surface, your "rear end" hurts because you have been distributing weight directly over your bony ________ tuberosities.

Answer: ischial Diff: 2 Page

Ref:177-178 7) What are the three regions of the sternum, listed from most superior to most inferior?

Answer: manubrium, body, xiphoid process Diff: 3 Page

Ref:236 15) Synovial joints form from ________ tissue that fills the spaces between the cartilaginous bone models in the late embryo.

Answer: mesenchymal Diff: 3 Page

Ref:232-233 4) An important factor in joint stabilization is ________, which is exerted by muscles even when there is no movement at that joint.

Answer: muscle tone Diff: 3 Page

Ref:146 14) Bundles of collagen that attach the periosteum to bone are called ________.

Answer: perforating collagen fiber bundles, Sharpey's fibers Diff: 2 Page

Ref:131 15) The ________ delivers osteoblasts and osteoclasts to the primary center of ossification.

Answer: periosteal bud Diff: 3 Page

Ref:175 4) Regarding the thoracic vertebrae, do the superior articular facets face anteriorly or posteriorly?

Answer: posteriorly Diff: 3 Page

Ref:72 4) Damage to the basal lamina due to untreated diabetes may lead to kidney failure and pathological degeneration of what other organ?

Answer: retina of the eye Diff: 3 Page

Ref:224 12) Baseball players often damage the ________ cuff at the shoulder region.

Answer: rotator Diff: 1 Page

Ref:195 12) The ________ ligaments run from each lateral surface of the sacrum to the ischial tuberosities to hold the pelvis together.

Answer: sacrotuberous Diff: 3 Page

Ref:217 9) The sternoclavicular joint is a(n) ________ joint.

Answer: saddle Diff: 2 Page

Ref:234 11) The most freely moving large joint of the body is the ________ joint.

Answer: shoulder (glenohumeral) Diff: 2 Page

Ref:7, 9 12) One could describe the scalp as being ________ to the skull.

Answer: superficial Diff: 2 Page

Ref:8 5) Clinicians refer to ________ anatomy when locating blood vessels to draw blood, feeling pulses, and avoiding nerves while giving injections.

Answer: surface Diff: 1 Page

Answer: suture Diff: 2 Page

Ref:224 10) Excessive dorsiflexion of the ankle can overstretch tibiofibular ligaments, resulting in a special type of injury known as a(n) ________ ankle sprain.

Answer: syndesmosis Diff: 3 Page

Ref:220 5) A(n) ________ is a specialized bursa that wraps around a tendon to reduce friction.

Answer: tendon sheath Diff: 3 Page

Ref:182 6) What bony structure articulates with the inferior apex of the sacrum?

Answer: the coccyx Diff: 2 Page

Ref:179 8) The costal margin is formed by what structures? Be specific!

Answer: the costal cartilages of ribs 7 through 10 Diff: 2 Page

Ref:180 3) If a vertebra has a spinous process that is rather slender and points inferiorly, it is most likely what type of vertebra?

Answer: thoracic Diff: 2 Page

Ref:200 4) In the wrist, lateral to the lunate is the scaphoid, and medial to the lunate is the ________.

Answer: triquetrum Diff: 2 Page

Ref:190 6) The large processes on the proximal end of the humerus are called tubercles, but the similar landmarks on the femur are called ________.

Answer: trochanters Diff: 2 Page

Ref:174 2) The transverse costal facet articulates with this bony landmark on a rib.

Answer: tubercle Diff: 2 Page

Ref:202 8) At the distal humerus, the trochlea articulates with the ________.

Answer: ulna Diff: 2 Page

Ref:97 14) Stem cells may be characterized as being ________ cells; in other words, they can produce new tissue cells as needed.

Answer: undifferentiated Diff: 3 Page

Ref:4 41) Which organ system covers the external surface of the body, but not the internal surface of the mouth? A) lymphatic B) digestive C) integumentary D) cutaneous

Answer: C Diff: 2 Page

Ref:6 61) The ________ cavity contains the heart and lungs. A) abdominopelvic B) dorsal C) thoracic D) lateral

Answer: C Diff: 2 Page

Ref:7 48) The inguinal region lies A) anterior to the elbow joint. B) on the anterior neck. C) where the thigh joins the trunk. D) on the external genitals.

Answer: C Diff: 2 Page

Ref:7 50) Which structure is not present in the mediastinum? A) esophagus B) heart C) lung D) trachea

Answer: C Diff: 2 Page

Ref:7, 9 30) During the process of ________, noncellular artifacts can be introduced into histology samples. A) time B) observation C) staining D) photography

Answer: C Diff: 2 Page

Ref:7-8 19) The eye is ________ to the occipital region. A) superior B) lateral C) anterior D) proximal E) deep

Answer: C Diff: 2 Page

Ref:7-8 24) The pubic area is ________ to the gluteal region. A) superior B) lateral C) anterior D) proximal E) deep

Answer: C Diff: 2 Page

Ref:7-8 25) The umbilical region is ________ to the lumbar region. A) superior B) lateral C) anterior D) proximal E) deep

Answer: C Diff: 2 Page

Ref:74 12) Which major category of tissues has the most diverse and most numerous types of tissue? A) muscle B) nervous C) connective D) epithelial

Answer: C Diff: 2 Page

Ref:77 13) Histologists consider blood to be an example of what primary tissue category? A) muscle B) nervous C) connective D) epithelial

Answer: C Diff: 2 Page

Ref:8 70) The axillary artery is found in the region of the A) posterior surface of the knee. B) vertebral column. C) armpit. D) long axis of any limb.

Answer: C Diff: 2 Page

Ref:7 8 Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. 32) The "CT" in "CT scanning" stands for A) cut transversely. B) Charles Thorgaard, the inventor's name. C) correlated thickness. D) computed tomography.

Answer: D Diff: 1 Page

Ref:11 66) Which statement about visceral serosa is false? A) It clings to the surface of organs. B) It is continuous with the membrane that covers the outer body wall. C) It is deep to the parietal serosa. D) It lines the internal surface of hollow organs.

Answer: D Diff: 2 Page

Ref:14 36) A histologist examines a specimen that has an epithelium overlying some smooth muscle. This specimen is part of A) a molecule. B) a cell. C) a tissue. D) an organ.

Answer: D Diff: 2 Page

Ref:14 55) What is the main advantage of MRI as a medical imaging technique? A) It is safe. B) The patient feels less pain during the procedure than with any other imaging technique. C) It is very inexpensive. D) It shows soft tissues very clearly.

Answer: D Diff: 2 Page

Ref:16 33) What is the function of serous membranes? A) They act like wrapping paper to hold visceral organs together. B) They contain gland cells that secrete mucus. C) They halt the spread of infection. D) They reduce friction so that viscera move freely.

Answer: D Diff: 2 Page

Ref:3 44) Which statement concerning the anatomical position is FALSE? A) The palms face anteriorly. B) The toes point anteriorly, but the fingers point inferiorly. C) The knees, elbow, and neck are straight (not bent). D) The person is lying down, as straight as possible.

Answer: D Diff: 2 Page

Ref:4-5 14 Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. 63) Which organ system keeps blood constantly supplied with oxygen, removes carbon dioxide, and contains many air tubes? A) urinary B) endocrine C) circulatory D) respiratory

Answer: D Diff: 2 Page

Ref:4-5 65) Which structures are evidence of the vertebrate characteristic of segmentation? A) branches of the blood vessels B) multiple joints of fingers C) subdivisions of the gastrointestinal tract D) vertebral column

Answer: D Diff: 2 Page

Ref:67 15) Pseudostratified columnar is one of the tissues of this category. A) muscle B) nervous C) connective D) epithelial

Answer: D Diff: 2 Page

Ref:7, 9 52) Another name for the midsagittal plane is A) parasagittal. B) oblique. C) coronal. D) median.

Answer: D Diff: 2 Page

Ref:4-5 11) Which category of tissue is characterized by cells that have adhesion proteins and specialized cell-to-cell junctions? A) muscle B) nervous C) connective D) epithelial

Answer: D Diff: 3 Page

Ref:4-5 43) The height of an average person's trunk, from neck to perineum, is about A) 5 meters. B) 10 centimeters. C) 1000 μm. D) 1 meter.

Answer: D Diff: 3 Page

Ref:5 39) Which organ system consists of vessels that do not carry blood, but pick up fluids (and some cells) that are leaked from the blood? A) urinary B) endocrine C) integumentary D) lymphatic

Answer: D Diff: 3 Page

Ref:7 12 Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. 53) What point or structure in the body is located farthest laterally? (Hint: Questions always refer to the body in the anatomical position.) A) the coxal region B) ear C) little toe D) tip of thumb

Answer: D Diff: 3 Page

Ref:7-8 13) The knee is ________ to the foot. A) superior B) lateral C) anterior D) proximal E) deep

Answer: D Diff: 3 Page

Ref:7-8 16) Muscles are ________ to the skin. A) superior B) lateral C) anterior D) proximal E) deep

Answer: E Diff: 1 Page

Ref:7-8 14) The brain is ________ to the skull. A) superior B) lateral C) anterior D) proximal E) deep

Answer: E Diff: 2 Page

Ref:7-8 23) The heart is ________ to the sternum. A) superior B) lateral C) anterior D) proximal E) deep

Answer: E Diff: 2 Page

Ref:7, 9 14) In anatomical position, the palms of the hands face medially toward the thighs.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 1 Page

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Page

Ref:13 1.2 True/False Questions 1) Serous cavities include the pleural cavity.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1 Page

Ref:10 13) A transverse plane could cut the head off the body!

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Page

Ref:11 6) Pathological anatomy deals with structural changes caused by disease.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Page

Ref:12 4) EM has much greater resolution than LM.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Page

Ref:14 5) The dorsal body cavity is subdivided into a cranial cavity and a vertebral cavity.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Page

Ref:18 10) Angiography imaging is used primarily in the study of blood supply to the heart wall and brain.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Page

Ref:18 9) Ultrasound techniques are used to image a fetus because they are less damaging than other techniques.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Page

Ref:2 7) A CT scan produces an image of a transverse section of the body.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Page

Ref:6 12) All vertebrate embryos have a dorsal hollow nerve cord.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 2 Page

Ref:17 11) Most adults are between 1.5 and 2 meters tall.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 3 Page

Ref:7 7) The olecranal region is posterior to what region?

Answer: antecubital Diff: 2 Page

Ref:8 11) Cutting the body along the median plane produces a ________ section

Answer: midsagittal Diff: 1 Page

Ref:2 6) In humans, the region between the anus and the external genitals is the ________ region.

Answer: perineal Diff: 2 Page

Ref:7 9) What is the anatomical term for the thumb?

Answer: pollex Diff: 2 Page

Ref:3 7 Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. 27) Which branch of anatomy studies the structural changes that occur as one ages? A) developmental anatomy B) pathological anatomy C) regional anatomy D) surface anatomy

Answer: A Diff: 2 Page

Ref:7 71) As an anatomical region, lumbar refers to A) the infero-medial aspect of the back. B) part of the lower limb. C) the wrist. D) the breast.

Answer: A Diff: 2 Page

Ref:6 45) Bilateral symmetry can apply to objects as well as to animal bodies. Which of the following capital letters of the alphabet is not bilaterally symmetrical? A) A B) M C) L D) O

Answer: C Diff: 2 Page

Ref:6 15) The mediastinum contains the trachea and lungs.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Page

Answer: The brachial region is proximal to the pollex. Diff: 2 Page

Ref:8 2) Describe the location of the femoral region in relation to the crural region.

Answer: The femoral region is proximal to the crural region. Diff: 2 Page

Ref:10 35) The main purpose of fixation is A) to preserve the tissue. B) to mend breaks in tissue sections. C) to make an organ easier to section. D) to stick tissue sections to a glass slide.

Answer: A Diff: 2 Page

Ref:4-5 64) The elimination of nitrogenous wastes from body fluids is regulated by the ________ system. A) urinary B) endocrine C) integumentary D) lymphatic

Answer: A Diff: 1 Page

Ref:7-8 26) The smallest living unit is A) a cell. B) an organ. C) a human being. D) a molecule.

Answer: A Diff: 1 Page

11) The chest is ________ to the abdomen. A) superior B) lateral C) anterior D) proximal E) deep

Answer: A Diff: 2 Page

Ref:11 69) The ankle lies ________ to the thigh. A) distal B) proximal C) lateral D) inferior

Answer: A Diff: 2 Page

Ref:12 34) The dorsal hollow nerve cord A) develops into the brain and spinal cord. B) is a primitive supporting rod. C) contains the notochord. D) is the same as the human backbone.

Answer: A Diff: 2 Page

Ref:7 72) The buccal region is the A) cheeks. B) waist. C) calf of the leg. D) underside of the foot.

Answer: A Diff: 2 Page

Ref:7-8 18) The lip is ________ to the chin. A) superior B) lateral C) anterior D) proximal E) deep

Answer: A Diff: 2 Page

Ref:7-8 20) The acromial region is ________ to the scapular region. A) superior B) lateral C) anterior D) proximal E) deep

Answer: A Diff: 2 Page

Ref:7-8 21) The gluteal region is ________ to the popliteal region. A) superior B) lateral C) anterior D) proximal E) deep

Answer: A Diff: 2 Page

Ref:12 2) Serous cavities contain air.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 2 Page

Ref:7 8) The head, neck, and trunk comprise the ________ region.

Answer: axial Diff: 2 Page

Ref:7 10) One could say that the forearm is ________ to the brachial region.

Answer: distal Diff: 2 Page

Ref:7-8 4) In humans, what term is synonymous with posterior?

Answer: dorsal Diff: 2 Page

Ref:6 15) The ________ system is involved in immunity.

Answer: lymphatic Diff: 3 Page

Answer: micrometer Diff: 3 Page

Ref:8 13) A ________ plane separates the body into equal left and right halves.

Answer: midsagittal (or median) Diff: 2 Page

Ref:11 1.3 Short

Answer Questions 1) Describe the terms proximal and distal. \Answer: Proximal means closer to the point of attachment to the main part of the body; distal is farther from the point of attachment. Diff: 2 Page

Ref:7-8 54) Although transmission electron microscopy is usually used for high-magnification viewing, it is certainly possible to use it at low magnification as well. That is, one can produce similar micrographs of tissues taken by light microscopy and electron microscopy at the same magnification. Even at the same magnification, however, you can easily tell the two kinds of micrographs apart. How? A) The image in the electron micrograph is still sharper. B) Tissue viewed by electron microscopy is colored, whereas light micrographs are always black and white (and shades of gray). C) Tissue for light microscopy cannot be fixed (no fixation). D) Tissue for electron microscopy cannot be sectioned.

Answer: A Diff: 2 Page

Ref:8 59) The ________ body cavity contains the brain. A) dorsal B) ventral C) serous D) lateral

Answer: A Diff: 2 Page

Ref:4 38) An example of an organ is A) a fat cell. B) the intestine. C) epithelium. D) the cardiovascular system (but not the circulatory system).

Answer: B Diff: 1 Page

Ref:4-5 40) Large molecules such as proteins are called A) cells. B) macromolecules. C) multi-atom units. D) cellular organelles.

Answer: B Diff: 1 Page

Ref:10 46) Which structure is not covered by visceral serosa? A) lungs B) ribs C) stomach D) uterus

Answer: B Diff: 2 Page

Ref:11 60) The roots of anatomical terminology lie mainly in A) German and French. B) Latin and Greek. C) Esperanto. D) Russian and Old English.

Answer: B Diff: 2 Page

Ref:11 62) Hormones are regulatory proteins that are secreted by the ________ system. A) urinary B) endocrine C) integumentary D) lymphatic

Answer: B Diff: 2 Page

Ref:2 28) Which organ system includes the pancreas, thymus, testes, and pituitary gland? A) integumentary B) endocrine C) reproductive D) lymphatic

Answer: B Diff: 2 Page

Ref:3 &5 29) A coronal section through the human body can A) pass through both the nose and the occipital region. B) pass through both ears. C) provide mirror right and left images. D) lie in a horizontal plane.

Answer: B Diff: 2 Page

Ref:7 49) The perineal region is the A) side of the leg. B) region between the external genitals and the anus. C) point of the shoulder. D) superior part of the gluteal region.

Answer: B Diff: 2 Page

Ref:7 75) Which structure is located entirely within the right upper quadrant? A) appendix B) gallbladder C) spleen D) stomach

Answer: B Diff: 2 Page

Ref:12 67) How many centimeters are there in a meter? A) 10 B) 100 C) 1,000 D) 1,000,000

Answer: B Diff: 3 Page

Ref:7 57) Which of the following pairs of organs/structures is located ipsilateral? A) cecum : sigmoid colon B) descending colon : spleen C) mouth : navel D) right lung : left lung

Answer: B Diff: 3 Page

Ref:7-8 15) The thumb is ________ to the index finger. A) superior B) lateral C) anterior D) proximal E) deep

Answer: B Diff: 3 Page

Ref:7 73) The popliteal region is A) the side of the leg. B) in the cervical region. C) the posterior surface of the knee. D) the inferior part of the gluteal region.

Answer: C Diff: 2 Page

Answer: C Diff: 1 Page

Ref:14 31) The cervical region is the A) thigh. B) calf. C) neck. D) head.

Answer: C Diff: 1 Page

Ref:11 51) A frontal plane is the same as a ________ plane. A) midsagittal B) transverse C) coronal D) sagittal

Answer: C Diff: 2 Page

Ref:18 56) The extremities are the same as A) the ears. B) the fingers and toes. C) the limbs. D) all structures in the head.

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