anatomy exam #1 practice q's

The sphenopalatine foramen connects the pterygopalatine fossa with the nasal cavity. The foramen rotundum connects the pterygopalatine fossa with the middle cranial fossa. A Both statements are true. B The first statement is true, the second statement is false. C The first statement is false, the second statement is true. D Both statements are false.

A Both statements are true.

Which of the following cranial nerves carry preganglionic parasympathetic fibers out of the brain? A) CN III. B) CN IV. C) CN V. D) only A & B. E) A, B, and C.

A) CN III. *Preganglionic parasympathetic= CN 3,7,9,10!*

A condyle is a smooth rounded projection on a bone that articulates with a complementary region on another bone.A fossa is a depression in bone. A Both statements are true. B The first statement is true, the second statement is false. C The first statement is false, the second statement is true. D Both statements are false.

A. Both statements are true.

Parasympathetics from the nerve of the pterygoid canal synapse in the pterygopalatine ganglion. Postganglionic sympathetics from the deep petrosal nerve pass through the pterygopalatine ganglion. A. Both statements are true. B. The first statement is true, the second statement is false. C. The first statement is false, the second statement is true. D. Both statements are false.

A. Both statements are true.

The cervical and lumbar curvatures of the vertebral column are secondary curvatures. Secondary curvatures develop postnatally. A. Both statements are true. B. The first statement is true, the second statement is false. C. The first statement is false, the second statement is true. D. Both statements are false.

A. Both statements are true.

The face receives its blood supply from branches of the internal carotid artery. The face receives its blood supply from branches of the external carotid artery. A. Both statements are true. B. The first statement is true, the second statement is false. C. The first statement is false, the second statement is true. D. Both statements are false.

A. Both statements are true.

The glossopharyngeal nerve supplies the nasopharynx inferior to the torus tubarius. The maxillary nerve supplies the nasopharynx superior to torus tubarius. A. Both statements are true. B. The first statement is true, the second statement is false. C. The first statement is false, the second statement is true. D. Both statements are false.

A. Both statements are true.

The maxilla and the palatine bones form the hard palate. The greater palatine foramen is found in the palatine bone. A. Both statements are true. B. The first statement is true, the second statement is false. C. The first statement is false, the second statement is true. D. Both statements are false.

A. Both statements are true.

The palatovaginal and vomerovaginal canals connect the pterygopalatine fossa to the nasopharynx. The palatovaginal and vomerovaginal canals transmit branches of V2. A. Both statements are true. B. The first statement is true, the second statement is false. C. The first statement is false, the second statement is true. D. Both statements are false.

A. Both statements are true.

The roots of the brachial plexus are from the ventral rami of C5-T1. The roots of the brachial plexus form the superior, middle and inferior trunks. A. Both statements are true. B. The first statement is true, the second statement is false. C. The first statement is false, the second statement is true. D. Both statements are false.

A. Both statements are true.

Within the infratemporal fossa, the lingual and inferior alveolar nerves pass between the medial and lateral pterygoid muscles. The long buccal nerve passes between the superior and inferior heads of the lateral pterygoid muscle. A. Both statements are true. B. The first statement is true, the second statement is false. C. The first statement is false, the second statement is true. D. Both statements are false.

A. Both statements are true.

Within the infratemporal fossa, the lingual and inferior alveolar nerves pass between the medial and lateral pterygoid muscles. The long buccal nerve passes between the superior and inferior heads of the lateral pterygoid muscle. A. Both statements are true. B. The first statement is true, the second statement is false. C. The first statement is false, the second statement is true. D. Both statements are false.

A. Both statements are true.

A lesion of the primary motor cortex may cause paralysis on the opposite side of the body, because the upper motor neuron crosses over (decussate) the midline. A. Both the statement and the reason are correct and related. B. Both the statement and the reason are correct but not related. C. The statement is correct, but the reason is not. D. The statement is not correct, but the reason is correct. E. Neither the statement nor the reason is correct.

A. Both the statement and the reason are correct and related.

Lumbar punctures are usually safely performed between L4and L5, because the spinal cord usually ends between L1 and L2. A. Both the statement and the reason are correct and related. B. Both the statement and the reason are correct but not related. C. The statement is correct, but the reason is not. D. The statement is not correct, but the reason is correct. E. Neither the statement nor the reason is correct.

A. Both the statement and the reason are correct and related.

Removal of the parotid gland can result in paralysis to the muscles of facial expression because CN VII innervates these muscles and passes through the gland. A. Both the statement and the reason are correct and related. B. Both the statement and the reason are correct but not related. C. The statement is correct, but the reason is not. D. The statement is not correct, but the reason is correct. E. Neither the statement nor the reason is correct.

A. Both the statement and the reason are correct and related.

There are no synapses in the dorsal root ganglion because it consists of pseudounipolar neurons. A. Both the statement and the reason are correct and related. B. Both the statement and the reason are correct but not related. C. The statement is correct, but the reason is not. D. The statement is not correct, but the reason is correct. E. Neither the statement nor the reason is correct.

A. Both the statement and the reason are correct and related.

Which of the following nerves supply afferent fibers to the lateral side of the tympanic membrane? A. CN VII. B. CN VIII. C. CN IX. D. only CN VII and CN VIII. E. CN VII, CN VIII, and CN IX.

A. CN VII.

The flow of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in an individual with noncommunicating hydrocephalus can be blocked by the choroid plexus in the A. Cerebral aqueduct. B. Pontomedullary cistern. C. Cerebellomedullary cistern. D. Confluence of sinuses. E. Arachnoid granulations.

A. Cerebral aqueduct. * The cerebral aqueduct can be blocked by the choroid plexus of the 3rd ventricle; blockage results in noncommunicating hydrocephalus in an individual. There are no alternate CSF flow passages between the 3rd and 4th ventricles!*

The cranial nerves that carry sensory information from the part of the tongue derived from the hypopharyngeal eminence are the: A. Glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves B. Trigeminal and facial nerves C. Vagus and hypoglossal nerves D. Facial and glossopharyngeal nerves E. Trigeminal and glossopharyngeal nerves

A. Glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves

The hard palate has passages for branches of the maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve that include the incisive foramen for the nasopalatine nerve and the: A. Greater palatine foramen for the greater palatine nerve. B. Infraorbital foramen for the infraorbital nerve. C. Mental foramen for the mental nerve. D. Foramen rotundum for the maxillary nerve. E. Sphenopalatine foramen for the nasopalatine nerve.

A. Greater palatine foramen for the greater palatine nerve.

What structure on the internal surface of the lateral wall of the cranial vault crosses over the area indicated by pterion? A. Groove for the middle meningeal artery B. Hypophyseal fossa C. Groove for the sigmoid sinus D. Internal acoustic meatus E. Crista galli of the ethmoid bone

A. Groove for the middle meningeal artery

The vagus nerve exits the posterior cranial fossa at the A. Jugular foramen B. Internal auditory meatus C. Condylar canal D. Foramen magnum E. Foramen lacerum

A. Jugular foramen

the branch of the mandibular part of the maxillary artery that passes through the foramen spinosum is the A. Middle meningeal artery B. Deep temporal artery C. Sphenopalatine artery D. Internal carotid artery E. Ophthalmic artery

A. Middle meningeal artery

The passageway in the skull through which the abducens nerve passes is the A. Superior orbital fissure B. Foramen rotundum C. Foramen ovale D. Infraorbital foramen E. Foramen spinosum

A. Superior orbital fissure

Which of the following statements concerning the emissary veins is FALSE? A. emissary veins do not connect dural sinuses with veins outside of cranial cavity. B. emissary veins in general lack functional valves that direct the flow of venous blood. C. emissary veins pass through various openings in the skull. D. emissary veins can allow infections to pass from extracranial to intracranial sites. E. an emissary vein passes through the foramen of Vesalius, when the foramen is present.

A. emissary veins do not connect dural sinuses with veins outside of cranial cavity.

Which of the following structures is NOT derived from the rhombencephalon (hindbrain)? A. midbrain B. pons C. cerebellum D. medulla E. all of the structures above are derived from the rhombencephalon.

A. midbrain

which of the following statements is FALSE? A. the levator scapulae receives efferent fibers from dorsal rami of spinal nerves. B. intrinsic muscles of the back are innervated by dorsal rami of spinal nerves. C. the erector spinae muscles are intrinsic muscles of the back. D. the appendicular and axial skeleton articulate at the sternoclavicular joint. E. branches of the axillary artery supply the pectoral region.

A. the levator scapulae receives efferent fibers from dorsal rami of spinal nerves.

Which of the following is a parasympathetic ganglion? A. the otic ganglion. B. the cervicothoracic (stellate) ganglion. C. the dorsal root (spinal) ganglion. D. only A and B. E. A, B, and C.

A. the otic ganglion.

Which of the following statements is FALSE? A. the supraclavicular nerves are efferent nerves derived from the ventral rami of C2 and C3. B. both the phrenic nerve and the subclavian vein pass anterior to the anterior scalene muscle. C. the superior and middle thyroid veins drain into the internal jugular vein. D. the thyrohyoid muscle is innervated by a branch from the ventral ramus of the first cervical spinal nerve (C1). E. the carotid sheath extends from the base of the skull to the arch of the aorta.

A. the supraclavicular nerves are efferent nerves derived from the ventral rami of C2 and C3. *Supraclavicular nerves= derived from C3 and C4!* **Cervical plexus: - ansa cervicalis (C1-3) - less occipital (C2) - greater auricular (C2-3) - transverse cervical (C2-3) - supraclavicular (C3-4) - phrenic nerve (C3-5)**

Which of the following statements is FALSE? A. the thoracic duct empties into the venous system at the junction of the right internal jugular vein and the right subclavian vein. B. both the brachial plexus and the subclavian artery pass through the interscalene triangle. C. the brachiocephalic trunk (artery) divides into the right subclavian artery and the right common carotid artery posterior to the right sternoclavicular joint. D. the contents of the carotid sheath include the CN X, the internal jugular vein and the common carotid artery. E. the vertebral artery is a direct branch of the subclavian artery.

A. the thoracic duct empties into the venous system at the junction of the right internal jugular vein and the right subclavian vein. *thoracic duct comes off of the left subclavian vein and wraps around the left internal jugular vein!*

Which statement is true? A. trigeminal neuralgia is a neuropathic pain condition because of the underlying neuronal hyperexcitability. B. trigeminal neuralgia is a nociceptive pain condition because of the underlying tissue injury and inflammation. C. trigeminal neuralgia is a neuropathic pain condition because of the underlying tissue injury and inflammation. D. trigeminal neuralgia is a nociceptive pain condition because of the underlying neuronal hyperexcitability.

A. trigeminal neuralgia is a neuropathic pain condition because of the underlying neuronal hyperexcitability.

The maxilla and the palatine bones form the hard palate. The incisive foramen is found in the palatine bone. A Both statements are true. B The first statement is true, the second statement is false. C The first statement is false, the second statement is true. D Both statements are false.

B The first statement is true, the second statement is false.

As an infant develops, the anterior fontanelle becomes bregma. As an infant develops, the posterior fontanelle becomes asterion. A Both statements are true. B The first statement is true, the second statement is false. C The first statement is false, the second statement is true. D Both statements are false.

B The first statement is true, the second statement is false. *anterior fontanelle --> bregma - anterolateral (sphenoid) fontanelle --> pterion - posterior fontanelle --> lamba - posterolateral (mastoid) fontanelle --> asterion*

Which of the following statements is FALSE? A the zygomatic (malar) bone articulates with the temporal, frontal, and maxillary bones. B the glenoid (mandibular) fossa is located on the occipital bone. C the carotid canal is located in the temporal bone. D the hypoglossal canal is located in the occipital bone. E the nasal bones articulate with both the maxillary and frontal bones.

B the glenoid (mandibular) fossa is located on the occipital bone.

Which of the following statements is FALSE? A a foramen is a hole which allows structures to pass through bone. B the human skeleton is an example of an exoskeleton. C the acetabulum is located on the scapula. D the glenoid cavity is located on the scapula. E the acromion process is part of the scapula.

B the human skeleton is an example of an exoskeleton.

Which of the following are located in the middle cranial fossa? A) the inferior orbital fissure. B) foramen lacerum. C) the internal acoustic meatus. D) only A & B. E) A, B, and C.

B) foramen lacerum. *inferior orbital fissure is located in the orbit internal acoustic meatus is located in the posterior cranial fossa!*

Which of the following dural venous sinuses drain directly into, or away from, the confluence of sinuses? A) the cavernous sinus. B) the occipital sinus. C) the inferior sagittal sinus. D) only A & B. E) A, B, and C.

B) the occipital sinus. *inferior--> straight allow with great cerebral vein--> confluence*

The C8 spinal nerve exits the vertebral canal A. Above the C7 vertebra B. Below the C7 vertebra C. Below the C8 vertebra D. Through the C8 transverse foramen E. Never because there is no C8 spinal nerve

B. Below the C7 vertebra.

Which of the following statements is FALSE? A. the neurotransmitter at sympathetic and parasympathetic ganglia is acetylcholine. B. CN IX distributes motor fibers to the pharyngeal plexus. C. the superior laryngeal nerve and the recurrent laryngeal nerve each carry motor and sensory fibers. D. the motor fibers in the pharyngeal plexus have their cell bodies located in the nucleus ambiguus. IX, X, XI E. the tympanic nerve carries both parasympathetic and sensory fibers.

B. CN IX distributes motor fibers to the pharyngeal plexus. *CN IX distributes sensory and parasymp to pharyngeal plexus CN X distributes motor fibers (dorsal motor) and sensory*

Which of the following statements concerning the emissary veins is FALSE? A. Emissary veins connect dural sinuses with veins outside of cranial cavity (usually scalp veins). B. Emissary veins have functional valves that direct the flow of venous blood. C. Emissary veins pass through various openings in the skull. D. Emissary veins can allow infections to pass from extracranial to intracranial sites. E. An emissary vein passes through the foramen of Vesalius.

B. Emissary veins have functional valves that direct the flow of venous blood.

The anteromedial floor of the carotid canal in the petrous portion of the temporal bone is "open" to the nasopharynx through the A. Foramen ovale B. Foramen lacerum C. Jugular foramen D. Foramen spinosum E. Mastoid foramen

B. Foramen lacerum

The inferior alveolar artery, supplying blood to the mandibular molars, is a branch of which artery? A. Facial B. Maxillary C. Lingual D. Sphenopalatine E. Internal carotid

B. Maxillary

A child presents with a midline swelling at the base of of the tongue. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) shows a midsagittal growth referred to as a lingual cyst by the radiologist. The embryological origin of this lingual cyst is a A. Persistent 1st pharyngeal groove B. Nonmigrating thyroid gland C. Laryngeotracheal diverticulum D. 2nd pharyngeal pouch E. Metastasis of the lingual tonsil

B. Nonmigrating thyroid gland.

Normal venous drainage of the cavernous venous dural sinus is directly through the A. Straight sinus B. Petrosal sinuses C. External jugular vein D. Basilar vein E. Maxillary sinus

B. Petrosal sinuses

The incisive foramen is an anatomical landmark between the A. Hard and soft palates B. Primary and secondary palates C. Lateral palatine processes D. Palatine and maxillary bones E. Medial nasal prominences

B. Primary and secondary palates

Parasympathetics from the nerve of the pterygoid canal synapse in the pterygopalatine ganglion. Sympathetics from the deep petrosal nerve SYNAPSE in the pterygopalatine ganglion. A. Both statements are true. B. The first statement is true, the second statement is false. C. The first statement is false, the second statement is true. D. Both statements are false.

B. The first statement is true, the second statement is false.

The nasopalatine nerve travels with the sphenopalatine artery into the nasal cavity. They enter the nasal cavity through the pterygomaxillary fissure. A. Both statements are true. B. The first statement is true, the second statement is false. C. The first statement is false, the second statement is true. D. Both statements are false.

B. The first statement is true, the second statement is false.

In the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) gliding movement occurs in the upper compartment. Gliding movement occurs in the lower compartment of the TMJ. A. Both statements are true. B. The first statement is true, the second statement is false. C. The first statement is false, the second statement is true. D. Both statements are false.

B. The first statement is true, the second statement is false. *- upper compartment is gliding - lower compartment is hinge*

Pterion is an area on the side of the skull where the frontal, parietal, temporal and sphenoid bones are close together. Lambda is an area where the occipital, temporal, and parietal bones all articulate. A. Both statements are true. B. The first statement is true, the second statement is false. C. The first statement is false, the second statement is true. D. Both statements are false.

B. The first statement is true, the second statement is false. *Lambda= suture where occipital & parietal bones come together! Asterion= where occipital, temporal, & parietal bones come together!*

Damage to the zygomatic nerve may affect the ability of the lacrimal gland to produce tears. Preganglionic parasympathetics travel with a branch of the zygomatic nerve. A. Both statements are true. B. The first statement is true, the second statement is false. C. The first statement is false, the second statement is true. D. Both statements are false.

B. The first statement is true, the second statement is false. *Postganglionic!*

In synovial joints the articular ends of bones are covered by hyaline cartilage. Synovial joints lack a capsule. A. Both statements are true. B. The first statement is true, the second statement is false. C. The first statement is false, the second statement is true. D. Both statements are false.

B. The first statement is true, the second statement is false. *Synovial joints= capsulated!*

The external jugular vein lies superficial to the sternocleidomastoid muscle. The external jugular vein is formed by the maxillary vein and the anterior division of the retromandibular vein. A. Both statements are true. B. The first statement is true, the second statement is false. C. The first statement is false, the second statement is true. D. Both statements are false.

B. The first statement is true, the second statement is false. *external jugular vein is formed by the posterior auricular vein and the posterior division of the retromandibular vein!*

The pterygomaxillary fissure connects the infratemporal fossa with the pterygopalatine fossa. The foramen ovale connects the pterygopalatine fossa with the anterior cranial fossa. A. Both statements are true. B. The first statement is true, the second statement is false. C. The first statement is false, the second statement is true. D Both statements are false.

B. The first statement is true, the second statement is false. *foramen ovale connects infratemporal fossa with middle cranial fossa - foramen rotundum connects pterygopalatine fossa with middle cranial fossa - olfactory foramen connects nasal cavity with anterior cranial fossa!*

The nasopalatine nerve travels with the sphenopalatine artery into the nasal cavity. They enter the oral cavity through the greater palatine canal. A. Both statements are true. B. The first statement is true, the second statement is false. C. The first statement is false, the second statement is true. D. Both statements are false.

B. The first statement is true, the second statement is false. *nasopalatine nerve and sphenopalatine artery enter the oral cavity through the incisive foramen! - the greater palatine VAN and lesser palatine VAN travels down the greater palatine canal and enter the oral cavity via their respective foramens!* *sphenopalatine enters oral cavity via sphenopalatine foramen!*

The sphenoid & vomer contribute to the nasal septum. The inferior concha is part of the ethmoid bone. A. Both statements are true. B. The first statement is true, the second statement is false. C. The first statement is false, the second statement is true. D. Both statements are false.

B. The first statement is true, the second statement is false. *superior & middle conchae= part of ethmoid bone!*

In anatomical position, the fibula is lateral to the tibia. The ulna articulates with both the femur and the tibia. A. Both statements are true. B. The first statement is true, the second statement is false. C. The first statement is false, the second statement is true. D. Both statements are false.

B. The first statement is true, the second statement is false. *ulna articulates with humerus and radius!* **ulna is medial to the radius!** ***radius crosses over the ulna for rotation!***

Foramen spinosum opens into the infratemporal fossa. Foramen ovale opens into the pterygopalatine fossa. A. Both statements are true. B. The first statement is true, the second statement is false. C. The first statement is false, the second statement is true. D. Both statements are false.

B. The first statement is true, the second statement is false. **foramen rotundum opens into the PPF!**

CSF is produced by the choroid plexus. The choroid plexuses are located within the subarachnoid space. A. Both statements are true. B. The first statement is true, the second statement is false. C. The first statement is false, the second statement is true. D. Both statements are false.

B. The first statement is true, the second statement is false. *choroid plexus is located within: - lateral ventricles - interventricular foramen (foramen of Monro) - 3rd ventricle - 4th ventricle - CSF is located within the subarachnoid space!*

Which description of the relationship of the maxillary sinus to other cavities is INCORRECT? A. The floor of the maxillary sinus is part of the roof of the oral cavity. B. The floor of the maxillary sinus is lower than the floor of the oral cavity. C. The roof of the maxillary sinus is part of the floor of the orbit. D. The maxillary sinus drains into the middle meatus of the nasal cavity.

B. The floor of the maxillary sinus is lower than the floor of the oral cavity.

Which of the following structures is unique to cervical vertebrae? A. a spinous process. B. a transverse foramen. C. pedicles. D. costal facets. E. a lamina.

B. a transverse foramen.

Which of the following statements is FALSE? A. each branchial arch is associated with a cranial nerve. B. efferent neurons are sensory neurons. C. veins carry blood towards the heart. D. ganglia are derived from neural crest cells. E. the spinal cord is part of the central nervous system.

B. efferent neurons are sensory neurons. *efferent= motor & afferent= sensory!*

Which of the following ganglia is sensory? A. celiac. B. geniculate. C. pterygopalatine. D. cervicothoracic. E. ciliary.

B. geniculate. *geniculate= sensory and special taste of CN VII!* **pterygopalatine= glands above oral cavity, lacrimal, mucosa of hard palate.** ***ciliary= to ciliary muscles and sphincter pupillae!***

Which of the following statements is FALSE? A. the nerve to the mylohyoid may be an alternative "escape route" for pain impulses from the mandibular dentition. B. inferior alveolar nerve block has the highest success rate of any dental injection. C. the nerve to the mylohyoid may be shielded from anesthetic by the sphenomandibular ligament. D. motor fibers from the nerve to the mylohyoid travel between the mylohyoid muscle and the anterior digastric muscle. E. accessory mandibular foramina are potential locations for the entry of accessory nerves into the mandible.

B. inferior alveolar nerve block has the highest success rate of any dental injection. *has LOWEST rate!*

Which of the following statements is FALSE? A. the cervical enlargement is associated with the brachial plexus. B. lower motor neurons are located in the dorsal horn. C. the posterior inferior cerebellar artery is usually a branch of the vertebral artery. D. the anterior internal vertebral plexus is located posterior to the posterior longitudinal ligament. E. the apical ligament connects the dens to the occipital bone.

B. lower motor neurons are located in the dorsal horn. *located in VENTRAL horn!*

The nerve supplying efferent fibers to the muscles of facial expression exits the skull through which of the following foramina? A. spinosum. B. stylomastoid. C. rotundum. D. infraorbital. E. lacerum.

B. stylomastoid.

With which of the following do the occipital condyles articulate? A. the sphenoid bone. B. the altas (C1). C. the axis (C2). D. the temporal bone. E. the parietal bone.

B. the altas (C1).

Which of the following statements is FALSE? A. the geniohyoid muscle is located in the oral cavity, between the mylohyoid and genioglossus muscles. B. the anterior and middle scalene muscles have an inferior (caudal) attachment to the 2nd rib. C. the platysma muscle is the must superficial muscle in the anterior neck. D. the anterior digastric muscle is innervated by the nerve to the mylohyoid. E. the right and left brachiocephalic veins join to form the superior vena cava.

B. the anterior and middle scalene muscles have an inferior (caudal) attachment to the 2nd rib.

Which of the following statements is FALSE? A. zygoapophyseal joints are articulations between adjacent neural arches. B. the carotid tubercle is located on the transverse process of C2 (axis). C. the shapes of vertebral bodies and the shapes of intervertebral discs both contribute to the formation of the vertebral curvatures. D. the transverse ligament of the atlas is located, and passes, posterior to the dens. E. the vertebral plexus of veins (both internal and external) in general lacks valves.

B. the carotid tubercle is located on the transverse process of C2 (axis).

Which of the following statements is FALSE? A. the nerve to the lateral pterygoid muscle is a branch of the anterior division of V3 (mandibular nerve). B. the deep auricular artery enters the skull through the petrotympanic fissure. C. the styloid process is a posterior boundary of the infratemporal fossa. D. the masseteric nerve reaches the masseter muscle by passing laterally through the mandibular notch. E. the temporal fascia attaches to the superior temporal line.

B. the deep auricular artery enters the skull through the petrotympanic fissure. *petrotympanic fissure: chorda tympani (branch of VII), anterior tympanic branch of maxillary artery!* **deep auricular artery enters through external acoustic meatus!!**

Which of the following ligaments connect the lamina of adjacent vertebrae? A. the anterior longitudinal ligament. B. the ligamentum flavum. C. the ligamentum nuchae. D. only A and B. E. A, B, and C.

B. the ligamentum flavum. *anterior longitudinal ligament connects anterior portion of vertebral bodies - ligamentum nuchae connects spinous processes of cervical vertebrae (derived from supraspinous ligament)!*

Which of the following statements is FALSE? A. the nerve to the stapedius is a branch of the facial nerve. B. the middle cerebral arteries are branches of the basilar artery. Post cerebral, labyrinth, pontines, vertebral arteries, superior cerebellar artery. C. the trigeminal ganglion is the sensory ganglion of CN V. D. the cell bodies of the sensory fibers in nervus spinosus (recurrent meningeal nerve) are located in the trigeminal ganglion. Branches out from trunk of V3 E. the superior orbital fissure is located between the greater and lesser wings of the sphenoid.

B. the middle cerebral arteries are branches of the basilar artery. Post cerebral, labyrinth, pontines, vertebral arteries, superior cerebellar artery. *branches of internal carotid artery!*

Which of the following statements is FALSE? A. the orbicularis oculi constricts (closes) the palpebral fissure. B. the motor supply to muscles derived from the 2nd branchial arch is from the mandibular division of CN V. C. the superior and inferior labial arteries are branches of the facial artery. D. the sensory supply to the lower eyelid (inferior palpebra) is from a branch of the infraorbital nerve. E. the deep facial vein connects the facial vein with the pterygoid plexus of veins.

B. the motor supply to muscles derived from the 2nd branchial arch is from the mandibular division of CN V.

Which of the following statements is FALSE? A. the facial nerve (CN VII) provides the motor supply to muscles derived from the 2nd branchial arch. B. the orbicularis oculi opens (dilates) the palpebral fissure. C. the superior and inferior labial arteries are branches of the facial artery. D. the sensory supply to the upper lip is from a branch of the infraorbital nerve. E. the deep facial vein connects the facial vein with the pterygoid plexus of veins.

B. the orbicularis oculi opens (dilates) the palpebral fissure. *orbicularis oculi = closes the eyelids!*

Which of the following statements is FALSE? A. the pterygomandibular space is located between the lateral border of the medial pterygoid muscle and the medial side of the ramus of the mandible. B. the pterygomandibular raphe has attachments on the lateral pterygoid plate and the mandible. C. the parotid gland is partially located posterior to the pterygomandibular space. D. both the external carotid artery and the facial nerve enter into the parotid gland. E. the inferior alveolar and lingual nerves are located in the pterygomandibular space.

B. the pterygomandibular raphe has attachments on the lateral pterygoid plate and the mandible. *pterygomandibular raphe attaches to the medial pterygoid plate and the mandible!*

Which of the following statements is FALSE? A. the supraclavicular nerves are afferent nerves derived from the ventral rami of C3 and C4. B. the thyrohyoid muscle is innervated by the descendens cervicalis. C. the carotid sheath extends from the base of the skull to the arch of the aorta. D. both the phrenic nerve and the subclavian vein pass anterior to the anterior scalene muscle. E. the superior and middle thyroid veins drain into the internal jugular vein.

B. the thyrohyoid muscle is innervated by the descendens cervicalis.

Which of the following statements is FALSE? A. there are 31 pairs of spinal nerves. B. there are 8 cervical vertebrae and only 7 pairs of cervical spinal nerves. C. the cell bodies of preganglionic sympathetic fibers are located in the lateral horn of the spinal cord. D. the ventral and dorsal rami of spinal nerves carry both motor and sensory fibers. E. the vertebral arteries enter the skull through the foramen magnum.

B. there are 8 cervical vertebrae and only 7 pairs of cervical spinal nerves. *there are 7 vertebrae & 8 nerves passes above each corresponding vertebrae!*

Which of the following statements is FALSE? A the styloid process is part of the temporal bone. B the mastoid process is part of the temporal bone. C foramen magnum is located in the temporal bone. D the pterygoid process is part of the sphenoid bone. E the infraorbital foramen is located in the maxilla.

C foramen magnum is located in the temporal bone.

During a routine physical, a patient comments to his primary care physician that he has tingling and a sensation of cold that is focused on the top of his right shoulder. The likely cause of this condition is A. Osteophyte in the C1−C2 intervertebral foramen B. Compression of the axillary nerve C. C3−C4 slipped disk D. Referred pain from the spleen E. Avulsion of the C6 spinal nerve

C. C3−C4 slipped disk

The innervation for the hyoglossus muscle is the A. Ansa cervicalis B. Facial nerve C. Hypoglossal nerve D. Mylohyoid nerve E. Recurrent laryngeal nerve

C. Hypoglossal nerve

All of the following sinuses drain directly into, or away from, the confluence of sinuses EXCEPT one. Which is the EXCEPTION? A. Superior sagittal sinus. B. Straight sinus. C. Inferior sagittal sinus. D. Transverse sinus. E. Occipital sinus

C. Inferior sagittal sinus.

The middle cerebral artery is a direct branch of which artery? A. Common carotid B. External carotid C. Internal carotid D. Basilar E. Middle meningeal

C. Internal carotid

The anterior cranial fossa is separated from the middle cranial fossa by the A. Lateral pterygoid plate of the sphenoid bone. B. Perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone. C. Lesser wing of the sphenoid bone. D. Petrous part of the temporal bone. E. Frontal crest of the frontal bone.

C. Lesser wing of the sphenoid bone.

The skeletal elements that develop within the 1st pharyngeal arch include the A. Hyoid bone C. Palatine bone D. Stapes E. Occipital bone

C. Palatine bone. * A The lesser horn of the hyoid bone develops from the 2nd pharyngeal arch; the body and greater horn of the hyoid bone develop from the 3rd pharyngeal arch. B The nasal bones develop from the frontonasal prominence, a structure that is developmentally distinct from the pharyngeal arches. D The stapes, the most medial of the middle ear ossicles, develops from the posterior aspect of the 2nd pharyngeal arch. E The occipital bone develops from parachordal cartilage at the rostral end of the notochord and from occipital somites.*

The majority of the hard palate of the oral cavity is formed from the union of the horizontal plate of the palatine bone with the A. Medial pterygoid plate of the sphenoid bone B. Perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone C. Palatine process of the maxilla D. Squamous part of the temporal bone E. Alae of the vomer bone

C. Palatine process of the maxilla

The vertebral artery is a branch of the A. External carotid artery B. Common carotid artery C. Subclavian artery D. Arch of the aorta E. Brachiocephalic trunk

C. Subclavian artery. * The vertebral artery is a major branch of the subclavian artery, along with the internal thoracic artery, thyrocervical trunk, and an inconsistent dorsal scapular artery and/or costocervical trunk. The vertebral artery supplies blood to the posterior one-third of the brain and the paravertebral musculature of the neck!*

Foramen rotundum opens into the infratemporal fossa. Foramen ovale opens into the infratemporal fossa. A. Both statements are true. B. The first statement is true, the second statement is false. C. The first statement is false, the second statement is true. D. Both statements are false.

C. The first statement is false, the second statement is true.

The external jugular vein lies deep to the sternocleidomastoid muscle. The external jugular vein is formed by the posterior auricular vein and the posterior division of the retromandibular vein. A. Both statements are true. B. The first statement is true, the second statement is false. C. The first statement is false, the second statement is true. D. Both statements are false.

C. The first statement is false, the second statement is true.

The thoracic and sacral curvatures of the vertebral column are secondary. Secondary curvatures develop postnatally. A. Both statements are true. B. The first statement is true, the second statement is false. C. The first statement is false, the second statement is true. D. Both statements are false.

C. The first statement is false, the second statement is true.

The face does not receive a blood supply from branches derived from the internal carotid artery. The face receives blood from branches of the external carotid artery. A. Both statements are true. B. The first statement is true, the second statement is false. C. The first statement is false, the second statement is true. D. Both statements are false.

C. The first statement is false, the second statement is true. *Off of the Internal Carotid Artery, the Ophthalmic Artery branches into: - supratrochlear - surpaorbital - zygomaticofacial - dorsal nasal - lacrima *mnemonic: "Zebras Like Sucking Super Dick..."

The laryngopharynx is located anterior to cervical vertebrae C2-C3. The laryngopharynx is located posterior to the larynx. A. Both statements are true. B. The first statement is true, the second statement is false. C. The first statement is false, the second statement is true. D. Both statements are false.

C. The first statement is false, the second statement is true. *c2-c3 is oropharynx laryngopharynx= anterior to C4-C6!*

The innervation for the mandibular dentition passes through the pterygopalatine fossa. The blood supply for maxillary dentition passes through the pterygopalatine fossa. A. Both statements are true. B. The first statement is true, the second statement is false. C. The first statement is false, the second statement is true. D. Both statements are false.

C. The first statement is false, the second statement is true. *innervation for the mandibular dentition is by V3 which goes through foramen ovale, so it passes through infratemporal fossa!*

The roots of the brachial plexus are from the posterior rami of C1-C4. The roots of the brachial plexus form the superior, middle and inferior trunks. A. Both statements are true. B. The first statement is true, the second statement is false. C. The first statement is false, the second statement is true. D. Both statements are false.

C. The first statement is false, the second statement is true. *roots of brachal plexus are from anterior (ventral) rami of C5-T1!*

Both the skull and vertebrae are parts of the appendicular skeleton. The sacrum and the ribs are parts of the axial skeleton. A Both statements are true. B The first statement is true, the second statement is false. C The first statement is false, the second statement is true. D Both statements are false.

C. The first statement is false, the second statement is true. *Axial skeleton= skull, neck, ribs, sternum, vertebrae, sacrum! Appendicular skeleton= limbs, pectoral girdle, pelvic girdle!*

The coronoid process of the mandible articulates with the temporal bone. The external auditory (acoustic) meatus is posterior to the mandibular (glenoid) fossa. A. Both statements are true. B. The first statement is true, the second statement is false. C. The first statement is false, the second statement is true. D. Both statements are false.

C. The first statement is false, the second statement is true. *coronoid has no articulation only attachment of temporalis: retract and elevate EAM= posterior and supeiror to TMJ!*

The innervation for the mandibular dentition passes through the pterygopalatine fossa. The blood supply for maxillary dentition passes through the pterygopalatine fossa. A. Both statements are true. B. The first statement is true, the second statement is false. C. The first statement is false, the second statement is true. D. Both statements are false.

C. The first statement is false, the second statement is true. *innervation for mandibular dentition passes through the infratemporal fossa*

The frontal bone contributes to the formation of the floor of the orbit. The cribiform plate is part of the ethmoid bone. A. Both statements are true. B. The first statement is true, the second statement is false. C. The first statement is false, the second statement is true. D. Both statements are false.

C. The first statement is false, the second statement is true. *superior margin (roof) of orbit: frontal bone - inferior margin (floor) of orbit: maxilla, palatine, zygomatic - medial margin of orbit: frontal, ethmoid, lacrimal - lateral margin of orbit: sphenoid, zygomatic!*

Which of the flowing statements is FALSE? A. foramen spinosum and foramen ovale are located in the middle cranial fossa. B. the jugular foramen and foramen magnum are located in the posterior cranial fossa. C. crista galli and the cribiform plate are located in the middle cranial fossa. D. foramen rotundum and the hiatus for the greater petrosal nerve are located in the middle cranial fossa. E. the superior orbital fissure and the pituitary fossa are located in the middle cranial fossa.

C. crista galli and the cribiform plate are located in the middle cranial fossa. *crista galli & cribiform plate are located in the ANTERIOR cranial fossa! (both part of the Ethmoid bone!)*

Which of the following muscles is a constrictor of the oral fissure? A. depressor labii inferioris. B. levator labii superioris. C. orbicularis oris. D. only depressor labii inferioris and levator labii superioris. E. depressor labi inferioris, levator labii superioris, and orbicularis oculi.

C. orbicularis oris.

Which of the following structures is derived from the mesencephalon? A. the pons. B. the medulla oblongata. C. the midbrain. D. only A and B. E. A, B, and C.

C. the midbrain.

Which of the following statements is FALSE? A. a bulging anterior fontanelle may indicate an increase in intracranial pressure. B. the temporal bone articulates with the zygomatic bone. C. the sphenopalatine foramen connects the nasal cavity with the middle cranial fossa. D. the crista galli is part of the ethmoid bone. E. part of the ethmoid bone is located in the anterior cranial fossa.

C. the sphenopalatine foramen connects the nasal cavity with the middle cranial fossa. *The phenopalatine foramen connects pterygopalatine fossa and nasal cavity! - olfactory foramen connects nasal cavity with middle cranial fossa - can go from middle cranial fossa --> foramen rotundum --> pterygopalatine fossa --> sphenopalatine foramen --> nasal cavity!*

The condyle of the mandible articulates with the maxilla. The external auditiory meatus is posterior to the mastoid process. A Both statements are true. B The first statement is true, the second statement is false. C The first statement is false, the second statement is true. D Both statements are false.

D Both statements are false.

Which of the following statements is FALSE? A a coronal section divides the body into anterior (ventral) and posterior (dorsal) parts. B a sagittal section divides the body into right and left halves. C a transverse (horizontal) section divides the body into superior (cranial) and inferior (caudal) parts. D adduction is movement away from midline. E in anatomical position, the hands are lateral to the vertebral column.

D adduction is movement away from midline

Which of the following statements is FALSE? A a bulging anterior fontanelle may indicate an increase in intracranial pressure. B the maxilla articulates with the frontal bone. C the pterygomaxillary fissure connects the infratemporal fossa with the pterygopalatine fossa. D the crista galli is part of the sphenoid bone. E the ethmoid bone is located in the anterior cranial fossa.

D the crista galli is part of the sphenoid bone.

Which of the following is/are a branch of the external carotid artery? A) the superior thyroid artery. B) the facial artery. C) the dorsal nasal artery. D) only A & B. E) A, B, and C.

D) only A & B. *Branches of Ophthalmic artery: - dorsal nasal artery - supratrochlear artery!*

The arachnoid villi produce and secrete cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). CSF drains into the superior sagital sinus through the choroid plexus. A. Both statements are true. B. The first statement is true, the second statement is false. C. The first statement is false, the second statement is true. D. Both statements are false.

D. Both statements are false.

The arachnoid is the toughest/strongest of the three layers of meninges. The CSF (cerebrospinal fluid) is produced in the subdural space. A. Both statements are true. B. The first statement is true, the second statement is false. C. The first statement is false, the second statement is true. D. Both statements are false.

D. Both statements are false. *Dura= most DURAble layer of meninges!* **CSF= produced in subarachnoid!**

The dorsal rootlets carry efferent nerve fibers. The ventral rami of spinal nerves carry only efferent nerve fibers. A. Both statements are true. B. The first statement is true, the second statement is false. C. The first statement is false, the second statement is true. D. Both statements are false.

D. Both statements are false. *dorsal root/rootlets carry afferent nerve fibers! - ventral root/rootlets carry efferent nerve fibers! - spinal nerve, dorsal rami, and ventral rami contain mixed fibers!*

A branch of CN VII carries postganglionic parasympathetic fibers to the ciliary ganglion. Postganglionic parasymapathetic fibers from the ciliary ganglion innervate the lacrimal gland. A. Both statements are true. B. The first statement is true, the second statement is false. C. The first statement is false, the second statement is true. D. Both statements are false.

D. Both statements are false. *postganglionic parasympathetic fibers to the ciliary ganglion travel with CN III! - postganglionic parasympathetic fibers from the ciliary ganglion innervate pupil constricting muscles!*

The sympathetic system originates in the brainstem and sacral spinal segments. The parasympathetic system originates between T1 and L2 spinal segments. A. Both statements are true. B. The first statement is true, the second statement is false. C. The first statement is false, the second statement is true. D. Both statements are false.

D. Both statements are false. *thoracolumbar--> sympathetic= thoracic & lumbar segments T1-L2~ craniosacral--> parasympathetic= brainstem & sacral segments (S2-S4)!*

In maxillary sinusitis, occasionally there is pain perceived in the maxillary teeth. The best explanation for this is A. The superficial temporal artery is occluded in both cases. B. Epistaxis has occurred. C. The nasolacrimal duct is blocked. D. Branches of the superior alveolar nerves supply both the sinus and the teeth.

D. Branches of the superior alveolar nerves supply both the sinus and the teeth.

Nervus intermedius is the parasympathetic and sensory root of which of the following cranial nerves? A. CN X. B. CN IX. C. CN XI. D. CN VII. E. CN III.

D. CN VII.

Which of the following nerves supplies efferent fibers to muscles derived from the 4th and 6th branchial arches? A. CN III. B. CN VII. C. CN IX. D CN X. E. CN XII.

D. CN X. *1st - CN V 2nd - CN VII 3rd - CN IX 4th/6th - CN X*

Which of the following muscles is responsible for rotating the pupil superiorly? A. Lateral rectus. B. Medial rectus. C. Superior oblique. D. Inferior oblique. E. Both the superior oblique and inferior rectus.

D. Inferior oblique.

Secondary cleft palate, without primary cleft palate or cleft lip, results from the failure of fusion of the A. Maxillary prominence and medial nasal prominence B. Nasal septum and maxillary prominence C. Maxillary prominence and lateral palatine processes D. Left and right lateral palatine processes E. Intermaxillary segment

D. Left and right lateral palatine processes.

The mandibular foramen of the ramus is protected by the bony ________ in a superoanterior position. A. Mental spine B. Pterygoid hamulus C. Coronoid process D. Lingula E. Condylar process

D. Lingula

The central nervous structure that develops from the embryological myelencephalon is the A. Cerebral peduncle B. Thalamus C. Pons D. Medulla oblongata E. Tectum

D. Medulla oblongata.

The danger zone (triangle) of the face deals with venous drainage from superficial veins into deep veins and intracranial venous sinuses. The direct communication between the angular (facial) vein and the cavernous sinus is via the A. Pterygoid plexus B. Retromandibular vein C. Lingual vein D. Ophthalmic veins E. Brachiocephalic trunk

D. Ophthalmic veins

All of the following structures EXCEPT one are found in the posterior triangle. What is the EXCEPTION? A. Brachial plexus. B. Transverse cervical artery. C. Accessory nerve. D. Superior belly of the omohyoid muscle. E. Lesser occipital nerve.

D. Superior belly of the omohyoid muscle.

The parasympathetic innervation to the parotid gland travels through the A. Chorda tympani B. Greater petrosal nerve C. Deep petrosal nerve D. Tympanic nerve E. Lingual nerve

D. Tympanic nerve

Which of the following statements is FALSE? A. accessory mandibular foramina are closely associated with the mylohyoid groove. B. branches from the nerve to the mylohyoid may on occasion enter accessory foramina of the mandible. C. the mylohyoid groove is inferior to the mylohyoid line. D. accessory mandibular foramina are more frequent on the lateral (external) surface of the mandible. E. the nerve to the mylohyoid may play a role in the sensory innervation of the posterior mandibular dentition.

D. accessory mandibular foramina are more frequent on the lateral (external) surface of the mandible. *more in the medial (internal) surface!*

Which of the following structures is unique to thoracic vertebrae? A. spinous process B. transverse foramen C. pedicles D. costal facets E. lamina

D. costal facets

1. All of the following openings are found in the temporal bone EXCEPT th ... A. carotid canal. B. external acoustic (auditory) meatus. C. petroympanic fissure. D. foramen ovale. E. internal acoustic meatus.

D. foramen ovale. *foramen ovale is in the sphenoid bone!*

Which nerve provides afferent fibers to the inferior buccal fold? A. lingual. B. posterior, middle and anterior superior alveolar. C. greater palatine. D. long buccal. E. massetric.

D. long buccal.

In the neck, which of the following arteries is/are direct branches of the facial artery? A. glandular. B. tonsillar. C. ascending pharyngeal. D. only glandular and tonsillar. E. ascending pharyngeal, tonsillar, and glandular.

D. only glandular and tonsillar. *Facial artery branches (GATS) - glandular - ascending palatine - tonsillar - submental*

Which of the following arteries is/are branches of the 1st part (bony part) of the maxillary artery? A. the deep auricular. B. the accessory meningeal. C. the deep temporal. D. only the deep auricular and the accessory meningeal. E. the deep auricular, the accessory meningeal, and the deep temporal.

D. only the deep auricular and the accessory meningeal. *1st part - deep auricular - EAM - anterior tympanic - petrotympanic fissure - middle meningeal - foramen spinosum - accessory meningeal - foramen ovale - inferior alveolar - mandibular foramen*

Which of the following muscles receives efferent fibers from CN III? A. the inferior oblique. B. the medial rectus. C. the superior oblique. D. only the inferior oblique and the medial rectus. E. the inferior oblique, the medial rectus, and the superior oblique.

D. only the inferior oblique and the medial rectus.

Gray rami communicantes are primarily composed of which of the following? A. preganglionic parasympathetic fibers. B. postganglionic parasympathetic fibers. C. preganglionic sympathetic fibers. D. postganglionic sympathetic fibers.

D. postganglionic sympathetic fibers. *postganglionic sympathetic fibers returning back to spinal nerve from sympathetic chain!*

Which of the following statements is FALSE? A. most postganglionic parasympathetic fibers in the head are distributed by branches of the trigeminal nerve. B. primary (first order) afferent neurons will synapse on secondary (second order) afferent neurons that are located in the dorsal horn. C. the superior cervical ganglion is a sympathetic ganglion. D. preganglionic parasympathetic fibers leave the brain with both CN VIII and CN XI. E. the greater splanchnic nerve is contains preganglionic sympathetic fibers.

D. preganglionic parasympathetic fibers leave the brain with both CN VIII and CN XI. *CN 3,7,9,& 10= all sympathetic nerve!* ** Preganglionic parasympathetic fibers leave the brain with: CN III (ciliary ganglion) CN VII (pterygopalatine ganglion) CN VII (submandibular ganglion) CN IX (otic ganglion)

Which of the following muscles receives efferent fibers from CN XI? A. geniohyoid. B. stylohyoid. C. sternohyoid. D. sternocleidomastoid. E. thyrohyoid.

D. sternocleidomastoid. *& trapezius!*

Which of the following statements is FALSE? A. a foramen is a hole which allows structures to pass through bone. B. the human skeleton is an example of an endoskeleton. C. the glenoid cavity is located on the scapula. D. the acromion process is part of the mandible. E. the humerus articulates with the scapula.

D. the acromion process is part of the mandible. *acromion= bony process of the scapula and articulates with the clavicle!*

Which of the following sutures is located between the posterior border of the frontal bone and the anterior borders of the parietal bones? A. the lambdoid suture. B. the metopic suture. C. the tympanosquamous suture. D. the coronal suture. E. the sagittal suture.

D. the coronal suture.

Which of the following statements is FALSE? A. the anterior and middle scalene muscles have an inferior (caudal) attachment to the 1st rib. B. the platysma muscle is the most superficial muscle in the anterior neck. C. the anterior digastric muscle is innervated by the nerve to the mylohyoid. D. the geniohyoid muscle is located in the neck, inferior to the mylohyoid muscle. E. the right and left brachiocephalic veins join to form the superior vena cava.

D. the geniohyoid muscle is located in the neck, inferior to the mylohyoid muscle. *geniohyoid= SUPERIOR to mylohyoid!* **Mnemonic: "GMA--> Good Morning America!"**

Which of the following statements is FALSE? A. the zygomatic (malar) bone articulates with the temporal, frontal, and maxillary bones. B. the glenoid (mandibular) fossa is located on the temporal bone. C. the carotid canal is located in the temporal bone. D. the hypoglossal canal is located in the mandible. E. the nasal bones articulate with both the maxillary and frontal bones.

D. the hypoglossal canal is located in the mandible. *also known as anterior condylar canal= located in the occipital bone!*

Which of the following statements is FALSE? A. a collection of neuronal cell bodies outside of the central nervous system is referred to as a ganglion. B. both supination and pronation are types of movement referred to as rotation. C. infections and metastases from the pelvis may spread via anatomical pathways to the head and neck. D. the levator palpebrae superioris depresses the lower eyelid. E. flexion decreases the angle of a joint.

D. the levator palpebrae superioris depresses the lower eyelid. *levatory palpebrae superioris elevates the upper eyelid!*

In which of the following bones is the infraorbital foramen located? A. the frontal. B. the parietal. C. the zygomatic. D. the maxilla. E. the nasal.

D. the maxilla.

In which of the following nuclei are the cell bodies of the motor fibers in the pharyngeal plexus located? A. the Edinger-Westphal nucleus. B. the superior salivatory nucleus. C. the dorsal motor nucleus. D. the nucleus ambiguus. E. the hypoglossal nucleus.

D. the nucleus ambiguus.

Which of the following structures is NOT found within the middle cranial fossa? A. the middle meningeal artery. B. the lesser petrosal nerve. C. the greater petrosal nerve. D. the otic ganglion. E. the trigeminal ganglion.

D. the otic ganglion.

Which of the following statements is FALSE? A the styloid process is part of the temporal bone. B the mastoid process is part of the temporal bone. C foramen magnum is located in the occipital bone. D the pterygoid process is part of the palatine bone. E the supraorbital foramen is located in the frontal bone.

D. the pterygoid process is part of the palatine bone. *Pterygoid process= part of the sphenoid!*

Which of the following statements is FALSE? A. the auriculotemporal and masseteric nerves supply the temporomandibular joint. B. the temporalis muscle both elevates and retrudes the mandible. C. the muscles of mastication are all derived from the 1st branchial arch. D. the superficial (external) head of the medial pterygoid muscle arises from the infratemporal crest of the sphenoid. E. the inferior alveolar nerve is a branch of the posterior division of V3 (mandibular nerve).

D. the superficial (external) head of the medial pterygoid muscle arises from the infratemporal crest of the sphenoid. *inferior temporal line--> temporalis origin infratemporal crest--> sup head of Lat pterygoid attachment*

Which of the following statements is FALSE? A. zygoapophyseal joints are articulations between adjacent neural arches. B. the carotid tubercle is located on the transverse process of C6. C. the shapes of vertebral bodies and the shapes of intervertebral discs both contribute to the formation of the vertebral curvatures. D. the transverse ligament of the atlas is located, and passes, anterior to the dens. E. the vertebral plexus of veins (both internal and external) in general lacks valves.

D. the transverse ligament of the atlas is located, and passes, anterior to the dens. *Transverse ligament passe posteiror to dens and anteiror arch!*

Which of the following statements is FALSE? A a coronal section divides the body into anterior (ventral) and posterior (dorsal) parts. B a midsagittal section divides the body into right and left halves. C a transverse (horizontal) section divides the body into superior (cranial) and inferior (caudal) parts. D abduction is movement away from midline. E in anatomical position, the palms of the hands are oriented posteriorly.

E in anatomical position, the palms of the hands are oriented posteriorly. *oriented anteriorly!*

Which of the following is a branch of the internal carotid artery? A. the anterior cerebral artery. B. the middle cerebral artery. C. the posterior communicating artery. D. only A and B. E. A, B, and C.

E. A, B, and C.

1. Which of the following cranial nerves may be observed in the middle cranial fossa? A. CN III. B. CN IV. C. CN V. D. only A & B. E. A, B, and C.

E. A, B, and C. *CN I —> telencephalon CN II —> diencephalon CN III - IV —> midbrain CN V - VIII —> pons CN IX - XII —> medulla*

Which of the following is parasympathetic nucleus? A. the inferior salivatory nucleus. B. the Edinger-Westphal nucleus. C. the superior salivatory nucleus. D. only A and B. E. A, B, and C.

E. A, B, and C. *ISN --> parotid gland EWN--> ciliary body; ciliary muslce SSN--> lacrimal gland, palatine glands, sunmand and sublingual gland!*

Which of the following nerves is/are a branch of the anterior division of the mandibular nerve? A. a) masseteric. B. b) posterior deep temporal. C. c) long buccal. D. only A & B. E. A, B, and C.

E. A, B, and C. *anterior - temporal (M) - masseteric (M) - lateral pterygoid (M) - long buccal (S)*

Which of the following nerves attaches at the medulla oblongata? A. CN IX. B. CN X. C. CN XI. D. CN XII. E. All of the above.

E. All of the above. *Medulla Oblongata= CN 9, 10, 11, & 12!* *Pons= CN 5, 6,7, & 8!*

The voluntary motor cortex in the cerebral hemisphere is separated from the conscious body sensation cortex by the A. Calcarine sulcus B. Parieto-occipital sulcus C. Sylvian (lateral) sulcus D. Longitudinal fissure E. Central sulcus

E. Central sulcus.

Which nerve innervates the middle ear muscle that modulates the motion of the stapes? A. Optic B. Oculomotor C. Vestibulocochlear D. Trigeminal E. Facial

E. Facial

The intermaxillary segment of the developing face provides the alveolar sockets for the A. Mandibular molars B. Maxillary canines C. Deciduous teeth D. Mandibular premolars E. Maxillary incisors

E. Maxillary incisors

A lesion of the superior cervical ganglion will cause persistent dilation of the pupil, because parasympathetics to the dilator pupillae muscle synapse at the superior cervical ganglion. A. Both the statement and the reason are correct and related. B. Both the statement and the reason are correct but not related. C. The statement is correct, but the reason is not. D. The statement is not correct, but the reason is correct. E. Neither the statement nor the reason is correct.

E. Neither the statement nor the reason is correct.

The foramen rotundum exits the middle cranial fossa through which bone? A. Petrous temporal B. Ethmoid C. Occipital D. Mandibular E. Sphenoid

E. Sphenoid

While weightlifting, a 22-year-old man attempting a personal record on the parallel back squat drops the barbell across his upper back. The compression from the barbell ruptures his left dorsal scapular artery, and immediately he starts to feel blood pooling deep to his trapezius and rhomboid muscles. Compression to the ________ will stop the bleeding. A. Brachiocephalic trunk B. Common carotid artery C. Thoracoacromial trunk D. Costocervical trunk E. Thyrocervical trunk

E. Thyrocervical trunk

Which of the following statements is FALSE? A. the middle and anterior superior alveolar nerves are branches of the infraorbital nerve. B. the tensor veli palatini is derived from the 1st branchial arch. C. both the lingual nerve and CN XII pass lateral to the hyoglossus muscle. D. branches of both the ophthalmic nerve and the maxillary nerve supply sensory fibers to the nasal cavity. E. branches of CN XI supply sensory fibers to the valleculae.

E. branches of CN XI supply sensory fibers to the valleculae. * CN X (sensory)!*

Which nerve provides afferent fibers to the superior labial fold (sulcus)? A. long buccal. B. auriculotemporal. C. mental. D. lingual. E. infraorbital.

E. infraorbital.

Which of the following statements is FALSE? A. the nerve to the mylohyoid may provide sensory fibers to the anterior mandibular dentition. B. a branch from the nerve to the mylohyoid often pierces the mylohyoid muscle and joins the lingual nerve. C. the superior retromental foramen is located superior to the genial tubercles (spines). D. the inferior retromental foramen is located inferior to the genial tubercles (spines). E. it has been demonstrated that the nerve to the mylohyoid only carries motor fibers.

E. it has been demonstrated that the nerve to the mylohyoid only carries motor fibers. *May have sensory!*

Which of the following muscles has a partial insertion into the articular disc (meniscus) of the temporomandibular joint? A. temporalis. B. masseter. C. medial pterygoid. D. digastric (posterior belly). E. lateral pterygoid.

E. lateral pterygoid. *lateral ptrygoid= has superior head insertion!*

With which of the following areas does the pterygopalatine fossa communicate? A. oral cavity. B. nasal cavity. C. infratemporal fossa. D. only oral cavity and nasal cavity. E. oral cavity, nasal cavity, and infratemporal.

E. oral cavity, nasal cavity, and infratemporal.

With which of the following areas does the pterygopalatine fossa communicate? A. orbit. B. infratemporal fossa. C. middle cranial fossa. D. only orbit and infratemporal fossa. E. orbit, infratemporal fossa, and middle cranial fossa.

E. orbit, infratemporal fossa, and middle cranial fossa. *ppf - orbit = inferior orbital fissure ppf - itf = pterygomaxillary fissure ppf - mcf = foramen rotundum!*

Which of the following ganglia is/are associated with the autonomic supply to the superior labial glands? A. otic ganglion. B. pterygopalatine ganglion. C. superior cervical ganglion. D. otic ganglion and superior cervical ganglion. E. pterygopalatine ganglion and superior cervical ganglion.

E. pterygopalatine ganglion and superior cervical ganglion.

Which of the following ganglia is/are associated with the autonomic supply to the superior labial glands? A. otic ganglion. Parotid gland B. pterygopalatine ganglion. C. superior cervical ganglion. D. otic ganglion and superior cervical ganglion. E. pterygopalatine ganglion and superior cervical ganglion.

E. pterygopalatine ganglion and superior cervical ganglion.

Glands in the lining membrane of the nasal cavity receive postganglionic parasympathetic innervation from which of the following ganglia? A. trigeminal. B. nodose. C. ciliary. D. otic. E. pterygopalatine.

E. pterygopalatine.

Which of the following structures pass through the 2nd pharyngeal gap? A. pharyngotympanic tube and levator veli palatini. B. palatoglossus and palatopharyngeus. C. internal laryngeal nerve and superior laryngeal artery. D. tensor tympani and nerve to the stapedius. E. stylopharyngeus and CN IX.

E. stylopharyngeus and CN IX.

Which of the following branchial (pharyngeal) arches does NOT give rise to anatomical structures in the adult? A. the 1st branchial arch. B. the 2nd branchial arch. C. the 3rd branchial arch. D. the 4th branchial arch. E. the 5th branchial arch.

E. the 5th branchial arch. *1st --> CN V2 & V3 2nd --> CN VII 3rd --> CN IX 4th & 6th --> CN X*

Which of the following statements is FALSE? A. the cervical enlargement is associated with the brachial plexus. B. lower motor neurons are located in the ventral horn. C. the posterior inferior cerebellar artery is usually a branch of the vertebral artery. D. the anterior internal vertebral plexus is located posterior to the posterior longitudinal ligament. E. the apical ligament connects the dens to the atlas.

E. the apical ligament connects the dens to the atlas. *transverse ligament keeps dens close to ligament - apical ligament= connects tip of dens to the anterior margin of foramen magnum!*

Which of the following nerves carry postganglionic parasympathetic "hitch-hiking" fibers? A. the auriculotemporal nerve. B. the lingual nerve. C. the lacrimal nerve. D. only the auriculotemporal nerve and the lingual nerve. E. the auriculotemporal nerve, the lingual nerve, and the lacrimal nerve.

E. the auriculotemporal nerve, the lingual nerve, and the lacrimal nerve.

Which of the following statements is FALSE? A. the pterygomandibular space is located between the lateral border of the medial pterygoid muscle and the medial side of the ramus of the mandible. B. the parotid gland is partially located posterior to the pterygomandibular space. C. the inferior alveolar nerve passes through the pterygomandibular space. D. both the external carotid artery and the facial nerve enter into the parotid gland. E. the deep temporal nerves (anterior and posterior) are in the pterygomandibular space.

E. the deep temporal nerves (anterior and posterior) are in the pterygomandibular space.

Which of the following structures is NOT found within the infratemporal fossa? A. the middle meningeal artery. B. the lesser petrosal nerve. C. the chorda tympani. D. the otic ganglion. E. the greater petrosal nerve.

E. the greater petrosal nerve. *greater petrosal nerve is superior to the infratemporal fossa - deep petrosal nerve is found within the infratemporal fossa!*

Which of the following dural venous sinuses is located in the inferior (non-attached) border of the falx cerebri? A. the sigmoid sinus. B. the occipital sinus. C. the transverse sinus. D. the straight sinus. E. the inferior sagittal sinus.

E. the inferior sagittal sinus. *striaght sinus=on tentorum cerebelli!*

Which of the following statements is FALSE? A. synapses occur at both paravertebral and prevertebral ganglia. B. C1 usually does not supply cutaneous sensory fibers to the neck and face. C. first order proprioceptive sensory neuron cell bodies are located in the mesencephalic nucleus. D. the roots of the hypoglossal nerve emerge from the medulla oblongata between the pyramid and the olive. E. the internal carotid nerve is composed of postganglionic parasympathetic fibers.

E. the internal carotid nerve is composed of postganglionic parasympathetic fibers. *internal carotid nerve runs up the Internal Carotid Artery carrying postgangliong sympathetic fibers from the superior cervical ganglion!*

Which of the following nerves carries both preganglionic parasympathetic fibers and postganglionic parasympathetic fibers? A. CN III, inferior division. B. the posterior ethmoidal nerve. C. the auriculotemporal nerve. D. the lesser petrosal nerve. E. the lingual nerve. CN VII

E. the lingual nerve. *lingual nerve= CN VII!* **lesser petrosal nerve= pre gang CN IX. ***auriculotemporal nerve= post gang CN IX. CN III, inferior division= preganglionic parasympathetic***

All of the following structures EXCEPT one are found in the posterior triangle. What is the EXCEPTION? A. the suprascapular artery. B. the accessory nerve. C. inferior belly of the omohyoid muscle. D. the brachial plexus (the trunks). E. the submandibular gland.

E. the submandibular gland. *submandibular gland is found in the submandibular triangle of the anterior triangle!*

Which of the following statements is FALSE? A. both the brachial plexus and the subclavian artery pass through the interscalene triangle. B. the brachiocephalic trunk (artery) divides into the right subclavian artery and the right common carotid artery posterior to the right sternoclavicular joint. C. the contents of the carotid sheath include the CN X, the internal jugular vein and the common carotid artery. D. the thoracic duct empties into the venous system at the junction of the left internal jugular vein and the left subclavian vein. E. the vertebral artery is a direct branch of the thryocervical trunk (artery).

E. the vertebral artery is a direct branch of the thryocervical trunk (artery).

Which of the following muscles receives efferent fibers from CN XII? a) palatoglossus. CN X. b) glossopharyngeous. C. c) styloglossus. d.) only A & B. e.) A, B, and C.

c) styloglossus.

Which of the following muscles is/are generally NOT supplied with efferent fibers from the pharyngeal plexus? a) cricothyroid. b) cricopharyngeus. c) thyropharyngeus d) only A and B. e) A, B, and C.

d) only A and B.

Which of the following nerves is/are a branch of CN X? a) auricular. b) superior laryngeal. c) tympanic. d) only A and B. e) A, B, and C.

d) only A and B.

Which of the following arteries bring blood to the nasal septum? a) posterior ethmoidal. b) anterior ethmoidal. c) superior labial. d) only A and B. e) A, B, and C.

e) A, B, and C.

With which of the following does the pterygoid plexus of veins communicate? a) the pharyngeal venous plexus. b) the deep facial vein. c) the maxillary vein. d) only A and B. e) A, B, and C.

e) A, B, and C. *pterygoid plexus communicates with angular vein cavernous sinus with emissary vein!*

All of the following openings are found in the sphenoid bone EXCEPT: a) superior orbital fissure b) foramen rotundum c) foramen ovale d) foramen spinosum e) internal acoustic meatus

e) internal acoustic meatus.