Anatomy Exam 2

Which of the following is NOT a factor that helps to limit mobility and thus reduce the chance of injury in a joint? -The presence of other bones, bony processes, skeletal muscles, or fat pads around the joint -The presence of accessory ligaments and collagen fibers of the joint capsule -Tension in tendons attached to the articulating bone -All of the listed responses are factors that help limit mobility and thus reduce the chance of joint injury.

All of the listed responses are factors that help limit mobility and thus reduce the chance of joint injury.

With age, what happens to bone mass?

Bone mass decreases because bone is weaker, and the risks of fractures increase.

In muscle fibers, ATP does all of the following except:

Change the shape of DHPR proteins.

Which of the following is NOT a factor that helps to limit mobility and thus reduce the chance of injury in a joint? -The presence of other bones, bony processes, skeletal muscles, or fat pads around the joint -The presence of accessory ligaments and collagen fibers of the joint capsule -Tension in tendons attached to the articulating bone

ALL of the following

acetylcholinesterase (AChE), or cholinesterase, breaks down molecules of ______

Acetylcholine

In which type of synovial joint does an oval articular face nestle within a depression on the opposing surface?

Ellipsoid joint

Concerning the structure of thin filaments, which molecules contain the active sites that bind to thick filaments during muscle contraction?

G actin

Which item below best defines hinge joints?

Hinge joints permit angular movement in a single plane. A hinge joint is an example of a monaxial joint.

Which portion of a sarcomere contains thin filaments, but no thick filaments?

I band

Which of the following statements regarding the knee joint is FALSE? -It lacks the large muscle mass that supports and strengthens the hip, but it must still provide support. -It lacks the strong ligaments that support the ankle joint. -It has a large range of motion, but it does not have the largest range of motion of any joint in the lower limb. -all of the above

It has a large range of motion, but it does not have the largest range of motion of any joint in the lower limb.

What type of joint is between the thoracic vertebrae and the ribs, with an articulation of a planar diarthrosis and movements of elevation/depression?

Vertebrocostal joint

Which of the following statements regarding circumduction of a pencil model is/are FALSE? -With the tip at the same point, the angle of the shaft remains unchanged as the shaft spins around its longitudinal axis. -The tip remains stationary, while the shaft, held at an angle of less than 90 degrees, describes a complete circle. -It is a type of angular motion. -An example of this would be moving your arm in a loop as when drawing a circle on the chalkboard.

With the tip at the same point, the angle of the shaft remains unchanged as the shaft spins around its longitudinal axis.

A ______ joint allows for the widest range of movement, while a ____ joint allows for the smallest range of motion.

ball-and-socket; plane

All of the following are true of bursae, EXCEPT: -bursae are always connected to the joint cavity. -bursae are filled with synovial fluid and lined by a synovial membrane. -bursae are small, fluid-filled pockets in the connective tissue of joints. -bursae function to reduce friction and act as shock absorbers. -bursae are found around most synovial joints.

bursae are always connected to the joint cavity.

In a __________, the muscle fibers are based over a broad area, but all the fibers come together at a common attachment site.

convergent

__________ connect(s) thick filaments and thin filaments during a contraction.

cross-bridges

Which type of joint is specialized for movement and permits a wide range of motion?

diarthrosis

Which of the following types of joint movements is NOT classified as an angular motion?

dorsiflexion

When someone shrugs " ¯\_(ツ)_/¯ ", typically their shoulders undergo _______ their hands undergo _______.

elevation; abduction

The ______________ surrounds each muscle, the ____________ surrounds muscle fascicles, and the _________ surrounds individual muscle fibers.

epimysium; perimysium; endomysium

The ability of a muscle to contract over a range of resting lengths is known as the property of __________.

extensibility

Joints consist of...

fibrous, fluid or cartilage tissue

Which of the following angular motions is used to describe the movement in the anterior-posterior plane that reduces the angle between articulating elements?

flexion

Diathrosis joints have ____ movement

free

__________ joints are more common in the appendicular skeleton.

freely moveable.

Between the sacrum and hipbones is a sacro-iliac joint with a planar diarthrosis articulation. What type of movement would someone observe? -plantar flexion -flexion -extension -gliding movement

gliding movement

Which type of skeletal muscle fibers have properties between those of fast fibers and slow fibers?

intermediate fibers

Regarding joints of the foot, which of the following groups of synovial joints is/are considered plane joints that permit limited sliding and twisting movements?

intertarsal joints

What controls muscle fibers?

motor unit - motor neuron

The concentration of _______ gives each fiber type its color. __________ fibers are small, have many mitochondria, and are fatigue resistant.

myoglobin; slow

All of the following movements of the vertebral column are possible, EXCEPT: -opposition -extension -rotation (twisting) -lateral flexion -anterior flexion

opposition

What is the special movement of the thumb that produces pad-to-pad contact of the thumb with the palm or any other finger?

opposition

Each muscle in the body begins at a(n) __________, ends at a(n) __________, and contracts to produce a specific __________.

origin, insertion, action

Which of the following ligaments of the knee joint is a continuation of the quadriceps tendon, and attaches to the anterior surface of the tibia?

patellar ligament

When _________ leaves the myosin head, the ___________ occurs and tension is generated.

phosphate; power stroke

Ashton loves to stand on his tiptoes. What type of special movement best describes the elevation of the heel and proximal portion of the foot when a person stands on tiptoes?

plantar flexion

Which type of movement is characteristic of the articulation between the tibia and fibula with the talus?

plantar flexion, dorsiflexion

Which of the following is NOT considered one of the basic properties of muscle tissue? -excitability -support -extensibility -elasticity

support

Which type of amphiarthrosis is fibrous and lies between the tibia and fibula?

syndesmosis

Which of the following accessory structures are typically NOT part of the articulation itself, but in some joints are an integral part of the joint capsule and provide significant strength to the capsule?

tendons

During the process of muscle contraction, calcium ions bind to ____.

troponin

When Ca ions enter the muscle fiber they bind to _________. When ATP binds to ________ rigor is ended.

troponin; myosin

Which of the following does NOT describe a special or unusual type of movement? -turning the arm inward -turning the sole of the foot inward -shrugging the shoulders -grasping your upper lip with your lower teeth

turning the arm inward

What is the epimysium?

A layer of dense irregular connective tissue that surrounds the entire skeletal muscle, and separates it from surrounding tissues and/or organs

Which of the following synovial joint types allow(s) rotational movements?

Pivot joint and ball-and-socket joint

Which of the following types of joints is NOT classified as a synarthrosis? -A gomphosis -A symphysis -A synchondrosis -A suture

-A symphysis

What is/are the function(s) of synovial fluid?

-acts a shock absorber -nourishes the chondrocytes -provides lubrication

Which of the following statements regarding the coracohumeral ligament of the shoulder joint is/are true? -It strengthens the superior part of the articular capsule and helps support the weight of the upper limb; it also originates at the base of the coracoid process and inserts on the humeral head. -It originates at the base of the coracoid process and inserts on the humeral head. -It extends between the greater and lesser tubercles and holds down the tendon of the long head of the biceps brachii muscle. -It strengthens the superior part of the articular capsule and helps support the weight of the upper limb.

It strengthens the superior part of the articular capsule and helps support the weight of the upper limb; it also originates at the base of the coracoid process and inserts on the humeral head.

Which of the following are pads of fibrous cartilage that may subdivide a synovial cavity, channel the flow of synovial fluid, allow for variations in the shapes of the articular surfaces, or restrict movements at the joint?

Menisci

Which type of joint found in the foot is a condylar joint that permits flexion/extension and adduction/abduction?

Metatarsophalangeal joint

Synarthrosis joints have____ movement

No

Which connective tissues divides the muscle into a series of internal compartments with fascicles?

Perimysium

__________ muscles are contractile organs directly or indirectly attached to bones of the skeleton.

Skeletal

Which of the following bursae lie(s) between large muscles and the capsular wall of the shoulder joint? -Subacromial bursa -Subdeltoid bursa -Subscapular bursa -Subcoracoid bursa -Subdeltoid bursa and subscapular bursa

Subdeltoid bursa and subscapular bursa

What is a characteristic unique to a suture joint when compared to a gomphosis or a synostosis?

The connective tissue that binds this joint is the unossified remnants of the embryonic mesenchymal membrane in which the bones developed.

Which of the following does NOT describe a rotational movement? -The head shakes side to side, indicating "no." -The upper limb is turned (inward) toward the ventral surface of the body. -The palm is moved posteriorly toward the wrist. -The palm and wrist are moved to face posteriorly.

The palm is moved posteriorly toward the wrist.

Which of the following statements about intercarpal joints is FALSE? -They are diarthroses. -They permit slight gliding movements. -they are plane joints -they are condylar joints

They are condylar joints.

Which of the following statements about intercarpal joints is FALSE? -They permit slight gliding movements. -They are condylar joints. -They are plane joints. -They are diarthroses.

They are condylar joints.

The cytoplasm of the synaptic terminal contains numerous mitochondria and synaptic vesicles that are filled with molecules of __________.

acetylcholine

A/An __________ is a muscle whose contraction is chiefly responsible for producing a particular movement.

agonist

What is another name for a joint?

an articulation

The function and range of motion of each joint depend on its __________.

anatomical design

Bony structures that change directions when force is applied are called __________.

anatomical pulleys

Which type of movement changes the angle between the bone shaft and the articular surface?

angular motion

Hinge joints permit _____ motion in a ____ plane

angular; single

When the triceps brachii muscle acts in stabilizing the flexion movement of the biceps brachii, it is acting as a/an __________.

antagonist

A tendon that forms a thick flattened sheet is called a(n):

aponeurosis

The increase in muscular tension produced by increasing the number of active motor units is called:

recruitment

Pivot joints permit ______ only

rotation

The _________ is the smallest functional unit of a muscle. Bundles of actin are directly linked to each other along the ____________.

sarcomere; Z disc

Which of the following plays an essential role in controlling the contraction of individual myofibrils?

sarcoplasmic reticulum

The fibers of which type of skeletal muscle are concentrically arranged around an opening or recess?

schpincter

In which lever class is the resistance located between the applied force and the fulcrum?

second-class levers

Which joint permits the greatest range of motion of any joint in the body?

shoulder joint

The primary role of this type of muscle tissue is to push fluid and solids along the digestive tract and to perform varied functions in other systems.

smooth muscle

Amphiarthrosis joints have ____ movement

some

The only skeletal articulation between the upper limb and the axial skeleton is the: -sternoclavicular joint. -glenohumeral joint -acromioclavicular joint -elbow joint

sternoclavicular joint.