Anatomy final Chapter 2
Nerve impulses involve the flow of an electrical current, a type of energy known as ________ energy.
electrical
The movement of ions across plasma membranes is an example of ________.
electrical energy
The subatomic particles that are responsible for the chemical behavior of atoms are the ________.
electrons
Which of the following is classified as a protein?
enzyme
Saturated fats ________.
exist as solids at room temperature
Which carbohydrate is also known as blood sugar?
glucose
Which polysaccharide is formed of linked glucose molecules and stored in animal tissues?
glycogen
Which property of water explains its ability to prevent sudden changes in body temperature?
high heat capacity
The nucleotide chains of DNA are held together by ________.
hydrogen bonds
Which of the following would be classified as an enzyme?
hydrolase
Which of the following leads to an increase in the rate of a chemical reaction?
increased temperature
What type of bond results when electrons are completely transferred from one atom to another?
ionic bond
What type of chemical bond is pictured in Figure 2.3?
ionic bond
Which of the following elements is needed to make a functional hemoglobin molecule?
iron
Isotopes have different numbers of ________; thus they also have different ________.
neutrons; atomic masses
Letter E represents a nucleic acid building block known as a ________.
nucleotide
The number of protons always equals the ________ in a neutral atom.
number of electrons
The most common element in the human body is ________.
oxygen
Glycogen and starch are examples of a specific category of carbohydrates called ________.
polysaccharides
During a synthesis reaction, amino acids join to form ________.
proteins
The organic compounds that function in building tissues and acting as enzymes are the ________.
proteins
The atomic number of an atom is equal to the number of ________ an atom contains.
protons
The pH scale is based on the number of ________ in solution.
protons
An acid is a molecule that releases (donates) ________.
protons (hydrogen ions)
The atomic mass number of an atom is equivalent to the number of ________.
protons and neutrons
Which of the following may be used in PET scans as biological tracers that can be followed through the body?
radioisotopes
An atom with 6 protons, 7 neutrons, and 6 electrons shares four pairs of electrons with four other atoms. This atom is now considered to be ________.
stable
Hydrogen bonding between water molecules is responsible for ________.
surface tension
The growth of cells and repair of worn-out tissues is accomplished by ________.
synthesis reactions
The building blocks of a tri/glyceride are ________.
three fatty acid chains and one glycerol molecule
The complementary base to adenine in a molecule of DNA is ________.
thymine
Letter D represents the structure of a(n) ________.
triglyceride
Which letter represents a single glucose molecule?
A
Shell 1 of an atom can hold a maximum of ________ electron(s).
2
An atom with 13 electrons will have ________ electrons in the valence shell.
3
What is the atomic number of the atom in Figure 2.2?
6
Blood pH falls in a narrow range between ________.
7.35 to 7.45
Which statement best describes why ATP is an important nucleic acid in the body?
ATP provides a form of chemical energy all body cells can use.
Identify the nucleic acid.
DNA
Which of the following solutions is the weakest acid?
a solution with a pH of 6.4
Which of the following DNA base pairs is complementary?
adenine and thymine
The building blocks of proteins are ________.
amino acids
Matter is best described as ________.
anything that occupies space and has mass
Elements are composed of building blocks known as ________.
atoms
Enzymes are ________.
biological catalysts
The reaction sucrose + water → glucose + fructose is an example of a(n) ________.
decomposition reaction
A nucleotide of DNA contain three components: ________, ________, and ________.
deoxyribose; a phosphate group; nitrogen-containing base
Which of the following lipids is formed of four interlocking carbon rings?
cholesterol
A molecule of methane, CH4, is known specifically as a(n) ________.
compound
The atomic number of sodium is 11 while the atomic mass number is 23. Which of the following is NOT true of an atom of sodium?
11 neutrons
An atom has 6 protons, 8 neutrons, and 6 electrons. Its atomic mass number is ________.
14
Which letter represents a carbohydrate polymer?
Label C
Which of the following contains sodium?
NaCl
A molecule with the sequence of AUCGUCA should be categorized as ________.
RNA
Which of the following statements about RNA is true?
RNA is a single nucleotide strand.
Which of the following statements about ATP is false?
The phosphate groups of ATP are attached by high-energy hydrogen bonds.
An atom of magnesium has lost two electrons. It is known as a(n) ________.
cation
Polar molecules, like water, result when electrons are shared ________.
unequally between atoms
Which of the following is classified as an inorganic compound?
water
In order to break a disaccharide down into simple sugar units, ________.
water molecules must be added to each bond
