anatomy (from quizzes- ch 1 & 2)

a disaccharide forms when

2 monosaccharides join by dehydration synthesis

oblique cut

Cut diagonally between the vertical and horizontal

stages of life span

Infancy, childhood, adolescence, adulthood, middle age, old age

hyperventilation causes the loss of more carbon dioxide than usual from the body, decreasing the amount of hydrogen ions in a solution. as a result,

PH of body fluids will rise creating an alkaline environment

Can lungs carry out excretory functions?

Yes, carbon dioxide is a metabolic waste the lungs excrete.

Homeostasis is the condition in which the body maintains

a relatively stable internal environment, within limits

properties of life

ability to reproduce, to take energy in and use it, ability to respond to stimuli from environment

what are antibodies, enzymes, and signal proteins?

all are types of proteins

fluid located in eyes

aqueous fluids & vitreous fluids

lumbar area of the body is found

at the waist

listening to the heartbeat of a patient

auscultation

anatomical position

body is erect, feet flat on floor, face directed forward, arms at side, palms facing forward

donates ions when conditions become too basic and accepts ions when conditions become too acidic

buffer

the bullet entered into the right posterior scapular region, 3 centimeters lateral to the vertebral region, 4 centimeters inferior to the cervical region, and penetrated deep to the muscle and bone, but superficial to the parietal planes. where is the bullet?

bullet entered thoracic cavity superficial (or on the surface) to the right lung. the parietal pleura is the serosa that encloses the lungs. the bullet is deep to the muscle.

the bullet entered the right posterior scapular region, 3 centimeters lateral to the vertebral region, 4 centimeters inferior to the cervical region, and penetrated deep to the muscle and bone, but superficial to the parietal pleura. where is the bullet?

bullet entered thoracic cavity superficial to the lung and deep to the muscle

ends in -ose

carbohydrates

which of the following systems does not exchange material with the internal and external environments?

circulatory system

If you consider your home air conditioner in terms of homeostasis, then the wall thermostat would be the ________.

control center

"cutting off your nose" would be a section in the _____ plane.

coronal

lactose intolerance is the inability to

digest lactose

outermost serous membrane surrounding the brain and spinal cord

dura mater

one of the most important considerations in patient care is the balance of ____ in the body.

electrolytes

The study of early developmental processes.

embryology

positive feedback mechanism

enhancement of labor contractions

An increased rate of breathing as a result of an increased buildup of carbon dioxide in the bloodstream would be best described as an example of ________.

excretion of metabolic waste

T/F Embryology concerns the structural changes that occur in an individual from conception through old age.

false

T/F- maltose is an example of a monosaccharide

false

T/F: maltose is an example of a monosaccharide

false

vitamins A,D,E, and K are considered to be

fat soluble

vitamins A,K and D are considered to be

fat soluble

stored in the body's fat tissue before the body uses them

fat soluble vitamins

the female ovaries and the male testes are a part of which body system? can these organs be members of more than 1 organ system? why/why not?

female ovaries- female reproductive system and the endocrine system testes- male reproductive system and the endocrine system female ovaries are responsible for producing the egg and 3 polar bodies (reproductive). the ovaries are also responsible for the release of estrogen (endocrine). testes are responsible for the production of sperm (reproductive). the testes are also responsible for the release of testosterone (endocrine).

molecule with an unpaired electron

free radical

in which direction would an MRI scanner move to produce sequential images of the body in the frontal plane , and in which direction would an MRI move to take sequential images of the body in the sagittal plane?

frontal plane divides the body into anterior and posterior regions, so the MRI would have to scan the body from superior to inferior lying down. the sagittal plane divides the body into left and right halves. to create a sagittal section, the MRI would move superior to inferior with the patient lying on his or her side.

a tube within a tube describes the _____ system

gastro-intestinal tract, part of the digestive system

The study of the heart may incorporate many aspects of anatomy but as a whole you would say it is _________ anatomy.

gross

which of the following factors can result in a denaturation of a protein?

heat, changes in salt concentration, changes of pH

a study of tissues

histology

incision was made in the left posterior scapular region. the cut was extended medially to 2 centimeters lateral to the vertebral region, where it turned superiorly and progressed to 1 centimeter inferior to the cervical region. where is the incision?

incision would be made medial of the acromial region and lateral of the vertebral region. this could be an incision into the trapezius muscle

assume you are standing in the anatomical position. rotate your left upper extremity so that the palmar surface of your left hand is facing posteriorly. now raise this extremity to shoulder level so that the digits are directed anteriorly (be careful not to rotate your arm). the plantar surface of the hand is now facing

inferiorly

mrs. smith was diagnosed w/ and exothalmic goiter. what could have been the cause?

insufficient amount of iodine in her diet, which led to swelling of thyroid gland.

Skin, hair, and nails are associated with the ________ system.

integumentary

skin, hair, nails

integumentary system

function of nervous system/endocrine system

internal communication

spleen is found in the

left upper quadrant

muscular and skeletal systems are derived from the

mesoderm

Cyanide binds with at least one molecule involved in producing ATP. If a cell is exposed to cyanide, most of the cyanide will be found within the

mitochondria

cell division of somatic cells involves

mitosis

survival needs of the body

nutrients, water, atmospheric pressure, and oxygen

cavities housing the eyes are called

orbital cavities

structure composed of 2 or more tissues

organ

a 65-year old patient came to the ER w/ complaints of severe heartburn unrelieved by taking large handfuls of antacids. would you expect the pH to be low or high?

pH to be high because taking a handful of antacis would result in an alkaloid state

any sagittal plane except in the midline

parasagittal plane

The study of the body functions in a diseased state is called:

pathophysiology

heart lies in this cavity

pericardial

wave-like movement that pushes substances through the body- such as in the digestive system would be

peristalsis

lungs located in these cavities

pleural, ventral, thoracic

Judy is 16 years old and collapses on the gym floor with severe pain in her chest wall. She is rushed by ambulance to the emergency room. Judy is diagnosed with pleurisy and is given an anti-inflammatory through intravenous route. Explain why an anti-inflammatory would be prescribed for someone with pleurisy.

pleurisy means lung inflammation, or inflammation of the lining around the lungs causing sever chest pain and discomfort when breathing. and an anti-inflammatory should counter act this

posterior side of the patella

popliteal

Oxytocin is a hormone that is released in response to cervical dilation. It in turn causes more uterine contractions that will further dilate the cervix. What type of feedback loop does oxytocin trigger?

positive feedback

the elbow is _______ to the wrist

proximal and superior

Carbohydrates and proteins are built up from their basic building blocks by the

removal of a water molecule between each 2 units

carbohydrates and proteins are built up from their basic building blocks by the

removal of a water molecule between each 2 units

happens when the lungs cant remove enough carbon dioxide (CO2) produced by the body-soluble vitamins. examples of possible causes: lung disease or conditions that affect normal breathing or impairs the lungs' ability to remove carbon dioxide.

respiratory acidosis

levels of CO2 and O2 in the blood are not balanced dissolve once they are ingested, and are used in the body right away. examples of possible causes of each: panic attacks, anxiety

respiratory alkalosis

appendix is found in the

right lower quadrant

one of the functional characteristics of life is irritability. this refers to

sensing changes in the environment and then reacting or responding to them

a student complains of a pain in the acromial region of his body. this would be the

shoulder

normal arrangement of internal organs

situs solitus

Mrs. Mulligan goes to her dentist and, after having a couple of cavities filled, her dentist strongly suggests that she reduce her intake of sodas and increase her intake of calcium phosphates in the foods she eats. Why?

soda is very acidic and can eat away the enamel of the teeth causing the teeth to weaken and form cavities. the sugar in soda can also form plaque on the teeth. calcium phosphates would strengthen the bone and enamel and therefore would be a good way to prevent cavities.

jenny was experiencing an aching pain in her right hip. the doctor ordered x-rays, determined that jenny had a fracture in the flaring, lateral bone of her hip. when asked to pay the bill, insurance company refused. they said no x-ray views of the small intestine had been taken and that no digestive symptoms were reported. what error happened?

spelled the word ileum instead of ilium. ileum is in the digestive system and ilium is in the skeletal system. jenny was having pain in her ilium, not ileum

which would be found in left upper quadrant?

spleen; stomach

fluids found in the joints

synovial fluids

maria arrives at the emergency clinic complaining of fatigue and joint pain lasting several days. also has a headache and runny nose. her oral temp is 100.2 and her BP is 120mmHg. her heartbeat is 95 beats per minute (average is 70). if nurse had taken and axillary temp, nurse would have placed the thermometer_______.

taken under the armpit because that is the axillary region

Hyperventilation causes the loss of more carbon dioxide than usual from the body, decreasing the amount of hydrogen ions in a solution. as a result,

the pH of body fluids will rise creating an alkaline environment

The main, general purpose of negative feedback is ________.

to maintain homeostasis

dissolve once they are ingested and are used in the body right away. examples are vitamins C and all the B vitamins

water soluble vitamins