anatomy physiology

Which organ system transports nutrients, metabolic wastes, gases, and defense cells? cardiovascular respiratory muscular digestive urinary

cardiovascular

Which two organ systems are involved with circulation within the body? nervous and endocrine systems cardiovascular and respiratory systems digestive and urinary systems respiratory and digestive systems cardiovascular and lymphatic systems

cardiovascular and lymphatic systems

Name the simplest level of organization that includes the smallest living units in the body. cellular level organ system level organ level tissue level chemical level

cellular level

What is the smallest living level of organization? organ level cellular level organ system level tissue level chemical level

cellular level

The common term for the buccal region is the head. foot. buttock. arm. cheek.

cheek.

Which of the following tissues fills internal spaces and provides structural support? epithelial tissue nervous tissue muscle tissue bone tissue connective tissue

connective tissue

The wrist is ________ to the elbow. distal horizontal proximal medial

distal

While standing erect, the direction of caudal is upward. medially. laterally. downward. None of the answers is correct.

downward

Directing long-term changes in the activities of other organ systems is the major function of the ________ system. respiratory endocrine lymphatic digestive cardiovascular

endocrine

Which type of cells are spherical and contain energy molecules? fat cells red blood cells bone cells white blood cells muscle cells

fat cells

What is the primary function of kidneys? store urine removes carbon dioxide from the body regulate blood glucose form and concentrate urine secret enzymes for digestion

form and concentrate urine

Because the anatomy and physiology of the body's structures are interrelated, it is often said that "form determines ________." physiology biology anatomy structure function

function

A midsagittal section would pass through the spleen. kidney. lung. leg. heart.

heart.

The central principle of physiology is homeostasis. reflexes. temperature regulation. nutrition. stimulation.

homeostasis.

The tendency for physiological systems to stabilize internal conditions is called disease. responsiveness. biology. homeostasis. adaptability.

homeostasis.

When homeostatic mechanisms fail, an individual will experience the symptoms of When homeostatic mechanisms fail, an individual will experience the symptoms of homeostasis. illness or disease. positive feedback. negative feedback.

illness or disease.

The chin is ________ to the nose. superior posterior anterior medial inferior

inferior

Protection from environmental hazards is a function of the ________ system. integumentary skeletal skeletal and muscular endocrine muscular

integumentary

In what country was cadaver-based anatomy established as a discipline studied by medical professionals? England France Australia China Italy

italy

Much of the early history in anatomy is tied to what country? Spain England Italy United States France

italy

Which of the following organs is located between the peritoneum and the body wall? large intestine spleen stomach kidney urinary bladder

kidney

The common name for the patellar region is the neck ear. hand. breast. kneecap.

kneecap.

Which gastrointestinal organ is responsible for bile secretion and regulation of blood nutrient composition? salivary glands gallbladder stomach liver pancreas

liver

The heart is ________ to the lungs. posterior proximal lateral medial distal

medial

All of the following are organs of the endocrine system, except thymus. pituitary. thyroid. pancreas. muscle.

muscle

Which of the following cell types is long, slender and makes contractions? muscle cells red blood cells fat cells bone cells white blood cells

muscle cells

If a response decreases a disturbance, the system is classified as a ________ feedback system. negative polarized neutral deficit positive Submit

negative

Terms of anatomical direction are used to describe living matter. the nervous system. one body part in relation to another. a supine position. surgical procedures.

one body part in relation to another.

A massage therapist often begins a massage by asking clients to lie face down with their arms at their sides. Which anatomical term describes that position? (Module 1.20B) medial prone anterior supine posterior

prone

A cell or organ that responds to commands of the control center in negative feedback is termed a(n) effector. receptor. control center (integration center). thermoregulator. stimulus.

receptor.

Which type of cells carry oxygen and carbon dioxide? fat cells white blood cells red blood cells muscle cells bone cells

red blood cells

All of the following are examples of positive feedback, except increase heart rate after blood loss. release of chemicals from the blood vessels after injury. relaxation of smooth muscles' blood vessels when body temperature goes up. decrease bleeding after injury. blood clot formation.

relaxation of smooth muscles' blood vessels when body temperature goes up.

The right pleural cavity contains the left lung and right lung. trachea. right lung. heart. left lung.

right lung.

Which of the following is not considered an abdominopelvic region? left lumbar upper right right hypochondriac right inguinal region left hypochondriac

upper right

Elimination of excess water, salts, and waste products are functions of the ________ system. urinary respiratory endocrine digestive lymphatic

urinary

Describe a person in the anatomical position. A person in anatomical position is lying on their stomach, arms are held out with palms facing down, and the feet lay shoulder-length apart. A person in anatomical position is standing erect, facing the observer, arms at the sides with the palms facing forward, and the feet together. A person in anatomical position is lying in the fetal position. A person in anatomical position is standing erect, facing the observer, arms are held out with the palms facing down, and the feet are shoulder-length apart. A person in anatomical position is lying on their back, arms are by their sides with palms facing down, and the feet together.

A person in anatomical position is standing erect, facing the observer, arms at the sides with the palms facing forward, and the feet together.

Define organ. An organ is the highest level of organization. An organ is composed of similar cells working together to perform one or more specific functions. An organ is the smallest stable unit of matter and can form molecules. An organ is two or more tissues working to perform several functions. An organ is the smallest living units in the body.

An organ is two or more tissues working to perform several functions.

________ is the study of tissue structures. Gross anatomy Pathology Microbiology Biology Histology

Histology

The Appendix contains tables of the normal physiological values regarding dissolved materials in various body fluids. Most of these values are listed as ranges, rather than averages. Why? The lower number of the range represents healthy, normal conditions and the higher number of the range represents disease values. Homeostatic control is not precise, and normal ranges are not fixed with absolute values. Each individual person only has one number at any given time. Young people have the higher values and the elderly have the lower values. Young people have the lower values and the elderly have the higher values.

Homeostatic control is not precise, and normal ranges are not fixed with absolute values.

While standing in the anatomical position, back refers to dorsal. back refers to anterior. front refers to posterior. front refers to inferior. back refers to superior.

back refers to dorsal.

The integrating center for the negative feedback loop that regulates body temperature is the brain. positive feedback center. thermostat. temperature receptor. skin.

brain.

What type of section would separate (1) the two eyes? (2) the nose and two ears? (3) the neck and naval? (1) frontal; (2) transverse, or horizontal; (3) sagittal (or mid-sagittal, if along midline) (1) transverse, or horizontal; (2) frontal; (3) sagittal (or mid-sagittal, if along midline) (1) sagittal (or mid-sagittal, if along midline); (2) transverse, or horizontal; (3) frontal (1) sagittal (or mid-sagittal, if along midline); (2) frontal; (3) transverse, or horizontal (1) frontal; (2) sagittal (or mid-sagittal, if along midline); (3) transverse, or horizontal

(1) sagittal (or mid-sagittal, if along midline); (2) frontal; (3) transverse, or horizontal

What is the purpose of anatomical terms? Anatomical terms are used because all organs that perform the same function have the same anatomical term regardless of the organism. Anatomical terms are used because they are easier to spell and pronounce than the official standard terms. Anatomical terms are used because they provide a standardized frame of reference for describing the human body. Anatomical terms are used because they provide continuity between organs of humans and animals. Anatomical terms are used because they give hints about the function of the body part.

Anatomical terms are used because they provide a standardized frame of reference for describing the human body.

Explain the link between anatomy and physiology. Anatomy is the study of how living organisms perform their vital functions; physiology is the study of internal and external body structures. Anatomy is the study of tissues; physiology is the study of organs. Anatomy is the study of body structures that can be seen with the unaided eye; physiology is the study of body structures that cannot be seen without magnification. Anatomy is the study of internal and external body structures; physiology is the study of how living organisms perform their vital functions. Anatomy is the study of cells; physiology is the study of tissues

Anatomy is the study of internal and external body structures; physiology is the study of how living organisms perform their vital functions.

Contrast the descriptions used by clinicians and anatomists when referring to the positions of injuries or internal organs of the abdomen and pelvis. Clinicians base their descriptions on a person lying in a supine position, whereas anatomist use a person lying in a prone position. Clinicians base their descriptions on superficial anatomical terms, whereas anatomists use regional anatomical terms. Clinicians base their descriptions on a person lying in a prone position, whereas anatomists use a person lying in a supine position. Clinicians base their descriptions on four abdominopelvic quadrants, whereas anatomists use nine abdominopelvic regions. Clinicians base their descriptions on nine abdominopelvic regions, whereas anatomists use four abdominopelvic quadrants.

Clinicians base their descriptions on four abdominopelvic quadrants, whereas anatomists use nine abdominopelvic regions.

What is the purpose of directional and sectional terms? Directional and sectional terms are used because they give hints about the function of the body part. Directional and sectional terms are used because they are easier to spell and pronounce than the anatomical terms. Directional and sectional terms are used because all organs that perform the same function have the same directional and sectional term regardless of the organism. Directional and sectional terms are used because they provide a standardized frame of reference for describing the human body. Directional and sectional terms are used because they provide continuity between organs of humans and animals.

Directional and sectional terms are used because they provide a standardized frame of reference for describing the human body.

Define the word eponym. Eponym is a term denoting an anatomical structure or clinical condition that is named after a person. Eponym is a term denoting structures in the body that share the same names. Eponym is a term denoting an anatomical structure or clinical condition in humans that is identical to another anatomical structure or clinical condition in animals. Eponym is a term used to describe multiple diseases caused by the same pathology. Eponym is a term denoting the study of anatomy by dissection of cadavers.

Eponym is a term denoting an anatomical structure or clinical condition that is named after a person.

What are the differences between gross anatomy and microscopic anatomy? Gross anatomy is the study of internal body structures; microscopic anatomy is the study of how living organisms perform their functions. Gross anatomy involves the study of body structures that can be seen with the unaided eye; microscopic anatomy is the study of body structures that cannot be seen without magnification. Gross anatomy involves the study of tissues; microscopic anatomy involves the study of cells. Gross anatomy is the study of body structures that cannot be seen without magnification; microscopic anatomy is the study of body structures that can be seen with the unaided eye. Gross anatomy involves the study of cells; microscopic anatomy involves the study of tissues.

Gross anatomy involves the study of body structures that can be seen with the unaided eye; microscopic anatomy is the study of body structures that cannot be seen without magnification.

Distinguish between growth and development. Growth refers to changes in structures and functions as the organism ages. Development refers to an increase in size. Growth refers to the ability to maintain homeostasis at a single moment. Development refers to the ability to maintain homeostasis over a lifetime. Growth refers to a decrease in size. Development refers to an increase in size. Growth refers to an increase in size. Development refers to changes in structures and functions as the organism grows. Growth refers to changes that occur in small organisms. Development refers to changes that occur in large organisms.

Growth refers to an increase in size. Development refers to changes in structures and functions as the organism grows

In the anatomical position, describe an anterior view and a posterior view. In anatomical position, anterior view shows the subject's right side, whereas a posterior view shows the subject's left side. In anatomical position, anterior view shows the subject's left side, whereas a posterior view shows the subject's right side. In anatomical position, anterior view shows the subject's back, whereas a posterior view shows the subject's face. In anatomical position, anterior view shows the subject in cross-section, whereas a posterior view shows the subject in longitudinal section. In anatomical position, anterior view shows the subject's face, whereas a posterior view shows the subject's back.

In anatomical position, anterior view shows the subject's face, whereas a posterior view shows the subject's back.

Which one of the following is not a characteristic of the endocrine system? It is important in regulating organs and tissues. It produces a more rapid response than the nervous system. It produces effects that last for days or longer. It produces an effect that involves several organs or tissues at the same time. It releases chemicals that affect other organs or tissues.

It produces a more rapid response than the nervous system.

Our understanding of how the human body works is based on a knowledge of which level(s) of organization? tissue level chemical level cellular level molecular level Knowledge about each level contributes to our total understanding of how the body works.

Knowledge about each level contributes to our total understanding of how the body works.

Which languages are the source of many modern anatomical terms? Latin and Greek Russian and Hindi English and Italian Dutch and German Spanish and French

Latin and Greek

Compare the functioning of the elbow joint with a door on a hinge. The elbow moves as a ball in socket like the opening and closing of a door on a hinge. The elbow moves in three planes like the opening and closing of a door on a hinge. The elbow moves by rotation and circumduction like the opening and closing of a door on a hinge. The elbow moves in a single plane like the opening and closing of a door on a hinge. The elbow moves by twisting like the opening and closing of a door on a hinge.

The elbow moves in a single plane like the opening and closing of a door on a hinge.

Predict what would happen to the function of a structure if its anatomy were altered. The structure's function would be impaired or eliminated. The structure's function would be improved marginally. The structure's function would be improved significantly. The structure's function would not be affected.

The structure's function would be impaired or eliminated.

Describe the three parts necessary for homeostatic regulation. (Module 1.17B) The three parts necessary for homeostatic regulation are the receptor, the control center, and the effector. The three parts necessary for homeostatic regulation are the afferent signal, the central signal, and the efferent signal. The three parts necessary for homeostatic regulation are the chemical, the membrane, and the receptor. The three parts necessary for homeostatic regulation are the receptor, the pathway, and the outcome. The three parts necessary for homeostatic regulation are the set point, the stimulus, and the result.

The three parts necessary for homeostatic regulation are the receptor, the control center, and the effector.

A chemical imbalance in the blood can cause the heart to stop pumping blood, which in turn will cause other tissues and organs to cease functioning. This observation supports the view that chemical molecules make up cells. congenital defects can be life-threatening. blood has magical properties. all organisms are composed of cells. all levels of organization within an organism are interdependent.

all levels of organization within an organism are interdependent.

A person facing forward with hands at the sides and palms facing forward is in the ________ position.. supine sagittal anatomical frontal prone

anatomical

An anatomical term that means the same as "ventral" is posterior. abdominal. inferior. anterior. superior. Submit

anterior

Which type of cells recycle the calcium and phosphate stored there? blood cells muscle cells fat cells bone cells nervous cells

bone cells

Which of the following tissues covers and protects exposed surface areas of the body? bone tissue nervous tissue connective tissue epithelial tissue muscle tissue

epithelial tissue

All of the following participate in thermoregulation, except brain. gastrointestinal system. blood vessels. skin. sweat glands.

gastrointestinal system.

Name and define the unit used to measure cell size. centimeter; equal to one-hundredth of a meter millimeter; equal to one-thousandth of a meter nanometer; equal to one-billionth of a meter picometer; equal to one-trillionth of a meter micrometer; equal to one-millionth of a meter

micrometer; equal to one-millionth of a meter

When body temperature rises, a center in the brain initiates physiological changes to decrease the body temperature. This is an example of negative feedback. diagnostic regulation. positive feedback. nonhomeostatic regulation. fever.

negative feedback.

Visceral pericardium is located lining the peritoneal cavity. on the heart itself. on the lung itself. on the small intestine itself. lining the pleural cavity.

on the heart itself.

The heart is an example of a(n) tissue. organ system. cell. organ. extracellular fluid.

organ

Which of the following organs is not contained within the abdominal cavity? spleen stomach ovary pancreas small intestine

ovary

A cut parallel to the midsagittal plane would produce a ________ section. frontal transverse coronal parasagittal superior

parasagittal

Which of the following terms refers to the foot? femoral pedal antebrachial brachial cervical Submit

pedal

The quadrants of the abdominopelvic region include all of the following except the right lower quadrant (RLQ). left lower quadrant (LLQ). right upper quadrant (RUQ). pelvic quadrant. left upper quadrant (LUQ).

pelvic quadrant.

The thoracic cavity contains the pleural cavities. pericardial cavity. pericardial and pleural cavities. coelom. pelvic cavity.

pericardial and pleural cavities.

Which of the following structures is located within the mediastinum? small intestine pericardial sac spleen lung stomach

pericardial sac

If a surgeon makes an incision just inferior to the diaphragm, which body cavity will be opened? pelvic portion of the abdominopelvic cavity peritoneal portion of the abdominopelvic cavity pleural portion of the thoracic cavity vertebral cavity pericardial portion of the thoracic cavity

peritoneal portion of the abdominopelvic cavity

The serous membrane covering the stomach and most of the intestines is called the peritoneum. pleura. pericardium. abdomen. mediastinum.

peritoneum.

If a response increases a disturbance, the system is classified as a ________ feedback system. deficit negative polarized positive neutral Submit

positive

A person lying face down is in the ________ position. prone anterior posterior anatomical supine

prone

Homeostatic regulation usually involves a(n) ________ that detects a particular stimulus, and a(n) ________ that responds to the stimulus by communicating with a(n) ________ whose activity has an effect on the same stimulus. control center (integrating center); receptor; effector receptor; control center (integrating center); effector effector; receptor; control center (integrating center) receptor; effector; control center (integrating center) effector; control center (integrating center); receptor

receptor; control center (integrating center); effector

Describe the basic processes in humans and other animals. catabolism, anabolism, diffusion, and transportation defense, protection, movement, and elimination blood pressure regulation, body fluid regulation, reproduction, and metabolism digestion, secretion, reabsorption, and excretion respiration, digestion, circulation, and excretion

respiration, digestion, circulation, and excretion

The urinary bladder is found in the ________ quadrant and the ________ quadrant. right lower; left lower left upper; left lower right upper; right lower right upper; left lower

right lower; left lower

The liver is primarily located in the ________ quadrant. hepatic left lower left upper right lower right upper

right upper

Which plane divides the body into right and left parts? sagittal transverse frontal orthogonal proximal

sagittal

The mediastinum separates the pleural cavities. contains both the pleural and pericardial cavities. contains the pericardial cavity. contains the pleural cavities. separates the pleural cavities, and contains the pericardial cavity.

separates the pleural cavities, and contains the pericardial cavity.

Which organ system provides support, protection of soft tissue, mineral storage, and blood formation? Which organ system provides support, protection of soft tissue, mineral storage, and blood formation? nervous skeletal muscular endocrine integumentary

skeletal

Anatomy is to ________ as physiology is to ________. growth; form form; structure structure; form function; form structure; function

structure; function

A person is lying on the bed gazing at the ceiling. She is in the ________ position. anatomical dorsal prone supine caudal

supine

An example of a receptor in a negative feedback loop controlling body temperature would be sweat glands that increase secretion. temperature sensors on the skin that detect a stimulus. sweat glands that act like effectors. effectors that cause blood vessels to dilate. regulatory centers that send commands to an effector.

temperature sensors on the skin that detect a stimulus.

All of the following are structures of the cardiovascular system, except the spleen. veins. capillaries. arteries. the heart.

the spleen.

The two major divisions of the ventral body cavity are the dorsal and ventral. thoracic and abdominopelvic. lateral and medial. cranial and sacral. pelvic and thoracic.

thoracic and abdominopelvic.

Identify the body cavities of the trunk. cranial cavity and the vertebral cavity anterior cavity (which contains the peritoneal cavity) and the posterior cavity (which contains the retroperitoneal cavity) thoracic cavity (which contains the pleural and pericardial cavities) and the abdominopelvic cavity (consisting of the peritoneal, abdominal, and pelvic cavities) superior cavity and inferior cavity thoracic cavity (which contains the peritoneal, abdominal, and pelvic cavities) and the abdominopelvic cavity (consisting of the pleural and pericardial cavities)

thoracic cavity (which contains the pleural and pericardial cavities) and the abdominopelvic cavity (consisting of the peritoneal, abdominal, and pelvic cavities)

he muscle known as the diaphragm separates the ________ from the ________. abdominal cavity; pelvic cavity thoracic cavity; abdominopelvic cavity pleural cavity; mediastinum pericardial sac; pericardial cavity pericardial cavity; pleural cavity

thoracic cavity; abdominopelvic cavity

The common term for the carpal region is the chest. wrist. skull. leg. ankle.

wrist