Anatomy semester 2 FINAL EXAM

True or false a sensory neuron Carries stimuli from the central nervous system to the effector

False

True or false oligodendrocytes form the myelin sheath around nerve fibers in the PNS

False

True or false one of the major functions of the pons is to regulate hormonal output of the anterior pituitary gland

False

True or false smooth muscle cells produce movement of the body and generate heat

False

True or false the central nervous system includes the spinal nerves and cranial nerves

False

True or false the movement of otoliths is involved in the sensation of dynamic equilibrium

False

True or false the thalamus plays a role in regulation of body temperature, metabolism, and water balance

False

A stroke in the primary motor area has caused Don to lose control over his skeletal muscles on the right side of his body. What lobe of his brain was damaged?

Frontal lobr

What specific receptor cells respond to chemicals dissolved in Saliva

Gustatory cells

What must be stimulated in order for the sense of hearing to be transmitted to the cochlear nerve

Hair cells

If the hair feels in the spiral organ of corti are damaged, what sense is impaired

Hearing

Control of temperature, endocrine activity, and thirst are functions associated with the

Hypothalamus

Which of the following indicates damage to the primary motor area

Inability to voluntary move skeletal muscles

What are the two major functional properties of neurons

Irritability and conductivity

Cerebrospinal fluid...

Is continually formed mostly by the choroid plexuses

Stimulation of sour receptors occurs in response to

Lemons

The hypothalamus is the "emotional-visceral" center of the brain and thus is an important part of the

Limbic system

The vibration of sound waves causes the tympanic membrane, or eardrum, to move against an ossicle known as ——-

Malleus or hammer

Identify the pathway of vibrations as they travel from one ossicle to the next

Malleus, incus, stapes

The vital centers for the control of visceral activities such as heart rare, breathing, blood pressure, swelling, and vomiting are located in the

Medulla oblongata

The brain and spinal cord are protected and cushioned by three connective tissue membrane that are collectively called

Meninges

The blood-brain barrier is effective against the passage of

Metabolic waste such as urea

An ear infection following an illness such as a cold has passed from the throat through the auditory tube to the —- —

Middle ear

One neuron and all the skeletal muscles it stimulates is known as a ________.

Motor unit

Our sense of static equilibrium is created by the

Movement do otoliths along hair cells

What does not describe a reflex

Multidirectional

Where are the olfactory receptors located

Nasal cavity

Support cells in the central nervous system are collectively called

Neuroglia

The gaps between Schwann cells found at regular intervals in peripheral system neurons are called

Nodes of Ranvier

What type of chemoreceptor is responsible for our sense of smell?

Olfactory receptor

The age related fusion of ear bones is known as

Otosclerosis

The small, pre glide projections of the tongues surface are called

Papillae

Which of the following is the correct sequence in a typical reflex arc

Receptor, sensory neuron, integration center, motor neuron, effector

A special group of neurons in the gray matter of the brain stem that plays a role in consciousness and the awake/sleep cycles in the

Reticular activating system (RAS)

The plasma membrane of a skeletal muscle cell is called the ___

Sarcolemna

Which organelle stores calcium in muscle fibers

Sarcoplasmic reticuljm

What cells form the myelin sheaths around nerve fibers in the PNS

Schwann cells

Dynamic equilibrium receptors that detect information about angular or rotational movements of the head are housed in the

Semicircular canals

Mr. Evans learned at his appointment that he is a candidate for a cochlear implant. Given that he has very difficult time hearing no matter how loud his family speaks to him, he has been diagnosed with

Sensorineural deafness

What are the two main functional subdivisions of the nervous system

Sensory and motor

Gustatory hairs are to taste as olfactory hairs are to —-

Smell

After years of working on loud construction sites, Erik experienced deafness I'm both ears. Determine what has been damaged

Spiral organ of corti

Hair cells that function as hearing receptors are located within the:

Spiral organ of corti

Which meningeal layer is filled with cerebrospinal fluid (CFS)

Subarachnoid space

True or false neuron processes that convey incoming messages toward the cell body are dendrites, whereas those that generate nerve impulses and typically conduct them away from the cell body are axons

Teue

What portion of the diencephalon acts as a relay station for sensory impulses traveling upward to the sensory cortex

Thalamus

A sacromere is...

The contractile unit between two Z discs

Saltatory conduction is faster type of nerve impulse transmission that occurs along myelinated axons. Why is nerve impulse transmission faster in myelinated neurons

The nerve impulse can jumó from one node of ranvier to the next, speeding the rate of nerve impulse transmission

Which of the following is composed mostly of the protein myosin

Thick filaments

Which type of filament is anchored to the Z disc within a myofibril

Thin filaments

The blood brain barrier is formed by ——- junctions that near,t seamlessly bind capillaries in the brain

Tight

True or false cardiac muscle fibers are joined by special gap junctions called intercalated discs; these discs allow heart activity to be closely coordinated

True

True or false conduction of deafness may result from earwax buildup or the fusion of the ossicles

True

True or false difficulty breathing may reflect damage to respiratory centers located in the brain stem

True

True or false gray matter contains collections of un myelinated fibers and cell bodies in the central nervous system

True

True or false once stimulated, the hair cells of the spiral organ of corti transmit impulses along the cochlear nerve, a branch of cranial nerve VIII

True

True or false taste bud cells are replaced every 7 to 10 days by basal cells

True

True or false the bony labyrinth of the internal ear consists of the cochlea, vestibule, and the semicircular canals

True

True or false the pharyngotympanic (auditory) tube links the middle ear cavity with the throat

True

True or false the sacroplasmic reticulum wraps like a sleeve around the myofibril and stores and releases calcium

True

True or false the striations seen in skeletal muscle are actually alternating dark A and light I bands

True

True or false: Cardiac and skeletal muscles both posses striations

True

True or false I'm order to hear sound, vibrations must pass from the tympanic membrane to the ossicles, and on the the oval window

Ture

Sound waves entering the external acoustic (Auditory canal) hit the eardrum, also known as the — ——

Tympanic membrane

Jake was struck in the head during a baseball game. Which of the following could impair the sense of hearing if damaged?

Tympanic membrane (eardrum)

Which of the following is not one of the brains four major regions

Ventral ramus

What sign or symptom distinguished Méniéres syndrome from sensorineural and conduction deafness

Vertigo

static equilibrium receptors are located in the — -

Vestibule

Myelinated fibers (tracts) form ————- matter while unmyelinated fibers form ———- matter

White; gray

What is covered by the endomysium

an individual muscle cell

The term central nervous system refers to the

brain and spinal cord

What specific part of the midbrain houses reflex centers for vision and hearing

corpora quadrigemina

What structure is lined with ceruminous glands

external acoustic meatus (auditory canal)

Charlotte burned the top of her tongue on a hot slice of pizza. What type of taste bud was damaged?

fungiform papillae

What type of neuron connects sensory and motor neurons in neural pathways

interneurons (association neurons)

The hypothalamus regulates the

pituitary gland

What organelle wraps and surrounds the myofibril and stores calcium

sacroplasmic reticulum

Which term does not describe smooth muscle cells

skeletal

The movement of otoliths and bending of hair cells in the inner ear contribute to our sense of

static equilibrium

The five taste sensations are

sweet, sour, bitter, salty, umami

The gap between two communicating neurons is termed

synaptic cleft

What divides the outer ear from the middle ear

tympanic membrane (eardrum)

Wendy had a few alcoholic drinks, then found walking and maintains her balance difficult. Which part of her brain was sedated by the alcohol

Cerebellum

What congenital disorder can occur when there is a temporary lack of oxygen during delivery of a baby

Cerebral palsy

Which of the following indicates a confusion

Coma due to injury to the reticular activating system

Hearing aids would be most useful for a person with —-

Conduction deafness

Muscle tissue has the ability to shorten when adequately stimulated, a characteristic known as ...

Contractility

The large fiber tract that allows communication between the two cerebral hemispheres is called the

Corpus collasum

While spinning around on a carousel or carnival ride, this motion will be detected by receptors known as the

Crista ampullaris

Which one of the following represents the correct sequence from outermost to Inter most layers of the meninges

Dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater

What creates the alternating light and dark bands that provides the striation pattern on skeletal muscle tissue

A bands and I bands

Which disease is a progressive, degenerative disease of the brain that ultimately results in dementia and is associated with a shortage of acetylcholine

Alzheimer's disease

Androgens and estrogens

Androgens: male Estrogen: female

The part of the neuron that typically conducts nerve impulses away from the cell body is the

Axon

Which of the following is not a function of the muscular system

Blood cell formation

Fibers that carry information from the skin, joints, and skeletal muscle to the central nervous system are

Both somatic and sensroy

The midbrain, pons and medulla oblongata are housed in the

Brain stem

Sally has a brain injury; she knows what she wants to say but can't vocalize the words. The part of her brain that deals with the ability to speak is the:

Brocas area

Striated involuntary muscle tissue is classified as ________ muscle.

Cardiac

Striated involuntary muscle tissue found in the heart is ________.

Cardiac muscle