Anatomy shoulder final VDH

22. Briefly describe the three movements occurring in shoulder extension during a pulling motion.

1. Extension of the humerus 2. Downward rotation and retraction of the scapula 3. Depression and retraction of the clavicle

96. List the two interphalangeal joints present in all fingers.

A proximal interphalangeal and a distal interphalangeal joint

25. Match the following muscles with their respective innervation points: (A) Suprascapular nerve (B) Thoracodorsal nerve (C) Musculocutaneous nerve (D) Axillary nerve (E) Upper and lower subscapular nerves (1) Supraspinatus (2) Teres minor (3) Subscapularis (4) Latissimus dorsi (5) Biceps brachii

A. 1 B.4 C.5 D.2 E.3

49. Match the following bone features with their descriptions: (A) Ball-shaped feature that articulates with the head of the radius (B) Prominent projection on the medial side of the distal humerus (C) Proximal attachment for most of the wrist extensor muscles (D) Relatively deep, broad pit located on the posterior side of the distal humerus (E) Large, blunt proximal tip of the ulna (1) Capitulum (2) Olecranon fossa (3) Olecranon process (4) Lateral epicondyle (5) Medial epicondyle

A. 1 B.5 C.4 D.2 E.3

99. Match the thumb-related terminology to its description. (A) Forward movement of the thumb away from the palm in a sagittal plane 5 (B) Returns the thumb back toward its anatomic position after movement on the frontal plane 3 (C) Movement of the thumb across the palm, making direct contact with the tips of any of the fingers 2 (D) Returns the thumb to the plane of the hand after movement on the sagittal plane 4 (E) Movement of the palmar surface of the thumb in the frontal plane across, parallel with the palm 1 (1) Flexion (2) Opposition (3) Extension (4) Adduction (5) Abduction

A.5 B.3 C.2 D.4 E.1

61. The _____ serves as a passageway that helps protect the median nerve and tendons of extrinsic flexor muscles of the digits. A.Carpal tunnel B.Radiocarpal joint C.Midcarpal joint D.Scaphoid excursion

A.Carpal tunnel

85. Which of the following is innervated by the median nerve? A.Flexor pollicis longus B.Extensor digitorum C.Extensor pollicis longus D.Abductor pollicis longus

A.Flexor pollicis longus

82. The _____ (meaning "earthworm") are four slender muscles originating from the tendons of the flexor digitorum profundus. A.Lumbricals B.Interossei C.Thenar muscles D.Adductor pollicis

A.Lumbricals

54. The _____is a small, thin muscle that can flex the wrist and tense the palmar fascia. A.Palmaris longus B.Flexor carpi ulnaris C.Digitorum superficialis D.Flexor carpi radialis

A.Palmaris longus

74. A _____ joint is convex in one dimension and concave in the other, and it allows a maximum of combined mobility and stability. A.Saddle B.Sagittal C.Palmar D.Supinated

A.Saddle

51.The _____ is located in the direct pathway of forces crossing the wrist and is fractured more frequently than any other carpal bone. A.Scaphoid B.Lunate C.Capitate D.Trapezium

A.Scaphoid

6. The _____ joint provides the only direct bony attachment of the upper extremity to the axial skeleton. A.Sternoclavicular B.Scapulothoracic C.Acromioclavicular D.Glenohumeral

A.Sternoclavicular

5. The slightly concave anterior aspect of the scapula is called the: A.Subscapular fossa B.Glenoid fossa C.Humerus D. Glenohumeral joint

A.Subscapular fossa

15. Protraction and retraction of the sternoclavicular joint occur in the horizontal plane about a vertical axis of rotation. A.True B.False

A.True

18. The glenohumeral joint is a ball-in-socket joint that allows 3 degrees of freedom. A.True B.False

A.True

65. The proximal part of the radiocarpal joint consists of the concave surface of the radius and the adjacent articular disk. A.True B.False

A.True

66. The midcarpal joint separates the proximal and distal rows of carpal bones. A.True B.False

A.True

88. Simultaneous contraction of the flexor digitorum superficialis, flexor digitorum profundus, and flexor pollicis longus flexes all the joints of hand, used for activities such as making a grip or holding the strap of a handbag. A.True B.False

A.True

91. Because the proximal surface of the proximal phalanx is concave and the head of the metacarpal is convex, the arthrokinematics of flexion and extension occur as a roll and slide in similar directions. A.True B.False

A.True

13. _____ refers to the medial border of the scapula lifting away from the rib cage and is observed during resisted shoulder abduction. A.Winging B.Threading C.Edging D.Distorting

A.Winging

40. The primary function of the _____ is to limit excessive vargus and valgus deformations of the elbow. A. Flexion arc B. Collateral ligaments C. Kinematic flexion D. Tenser ligaments

B. Collateral ligaments

43. The prime movers of elbow flexion are the annular ligament and interosseous membrane. A. True B. False

B. False

44. Total paralysis of the triceps can only occur when the musculocutaneous, radial, and median nerves are all damaged. A. True B. False

B. False

35. The _____ is the relatively deep, broad pit located on the posterior side of the distal humerus. A. Lateral supracondylar ridge B. Olecranon fossa C. Lateral epicondyle D. Trochlea

B. Olecranon fossa

39. The _____ is shaped like a wide disk on the proximal end of the radius whose superior surface articulates with the capitulum of the humerus. A. Styloid process B. Radial head C. Ulnar notch D. Ulnar head

B. Radial head

1. This bone, often called the breast bone, is located at the midpoint of the anterior thorax: A.Clavicle B.Sternum C.Scapula D.Humerus

B. Sternum

30. The _____ is a spool-shaped structure located on the medial side of the distal humerus. A. Coronoid fossa B. Trochlea C. Capitulum D. Medial epicondyle

B. Trochlea

79. The flexor digitorum superficialis and flexor digitorum profundus each transmit a set of _____ tendons to the fingers. A.2 B.4 C.6 D.8

B.4

81. One primary function of the interosseous muscles is to ____ the fingers. A.Flex B.Abduct or Adduct C.Extend D.Tense

B.Abduct or Adduct

84. Which of the following is not part of the thenar eminence? A.Abductor pollicis brevis B.Abductor digiti minimi C.Flexor pollicis brevis D.Opponens pollicis

B.Abductor digiti minimi

57. When describing the surfaces of the wrist and hand, palmar is synonymous with_____. A.Vertical B.Anterior C.Horizontal D.Posterior

B.Anterior

14. The _____ is the finger-like projection of bone from the anterior surface of the scapula. A.Glenoid fossa B.Coracoid process C.Supraspinatous fossa D.Acromion

B.Coracoid process

16. Upward rotation of the scapulothoracic joint occurs as the glenoid fossa returns from its upwardly rotated position to its resting position. A.True B.False

B.False

17. The glenoid fossa is a large, rounded hemisphere. A.True B.False

B.False

19. During normal shoulder abduction (or flexion), a natural 4:1 ratio or rhythm exists between the glenohumeral joint and the scapulothoracic joint. A.True B.False

B.False

64. The wrist contains 14 small bones that are located between the distal end of the radius and the hand. A.True B.False

B.False

67. Extrinsic ligaments interconnect various carpal bones, transfer forces between the hand and forearm, and maintain shapes of radiocarpal and midcarpal joints. A.True B.False

B.False

87. Common conservative therapies for basilar joint arthritis are characterized by a variety of surgical interventions. A.True B.False

B.False

89. Normal sensory innervation is not important for protection of the hand against mechanical and thermal injury. A.True B.False

B.False

90. The capsule at each interphalangeal joint is weakened by radial and ulnar collateral ligaments and a palmar plate. A.True B.False

B.False

10. The _____ is a fibrocartilaginous ring encircling the rim of the glenoid fossa and serving to deepen the socket of the glenohumeral joint. A.Glenohumeral joint capsule B.Glenoid labrum C.Coracohumeral ligament D.Long head of the biceps

B.Glenoid labrum

50. Which of the following carpal bones is loosely articulated and is the most frequently dislocated? A.Scaphoid B.Lunate C.Capitate D.Trapezium

B.Lunate

77. Which of the following cross the metacarpophalangeal joint in an oblique palmar direction and serve to limit abduction and adduction? A.Capsules B.Radial and ulnar collateral ligaments C.Fibrous digital sheaths D. Deep transverse metacarpal ligaments

B.Radial and ulnar collateral ligaments

62. The _____ is a small but palpable projection of bone on the dorsal aspect of the distal radius that helps guide the direction of the tendons of several wrist and thumb extensor muscles. A.Radial styloid process B.Radial tubercle C.Ulnar styloid process D.Ulnar protuberance

B.Radial tubercle

7. The ____ joint is not a "true" joint and refers to the junction created by the anterior aspect of the scapula on the posterior thorax. A.Sternoclavicular B.Scapulothoracic C.Acromioclavicular D.Glenohumeral

B.Scapulothoracic

3. The _____ is an S-shaped bone that acts likes a mechanical rod that links the scapula to the sternum. A.Clavicle B.Sternum C.Scapula D.Humerus

B.Sternum

95. List the four anatomic characteristics common to all metacarpals

Base, shaft, head, and neck

46. List the three primary elbow flexors.

Biceps brachii, brachialis, brachioradialis

32. The ball-shaped _____ articulates with the head of the radius to form the humeroradial joint. A. Medial epicondyle B. Lateral epicondyle C. Capitulum D. Lateral supracondylar ridge

C. Capitulum

37. The large jaw-like curvature of the proximal ulna that in part forms the humeroulnar joint is known as the: A. Styloid process B. Radial head C. Trochlear notch D. Bicipital tuberosity

C. Trochlear notch

73. The hand has _____ phalanges. A.5 B.10 C.14 D.22

C.14

8. The _____ joint is a gliding joint, created by the articulation between the lateral aspect of the clavicle and the acromion process of the scapula. A.Sternoclavicular B.Scapulothoracic C.Acromioclavicular D.Glenohumeral

C.Acromioclavicular

12. The _____ innervates the shoulder complex and is formed by a network of ventral nerve roots from the spinal nerves C5-T1. A.Spinal accessory nerve B.Scapulothoracic nervous system C.Brachial plexus D.Clavicular nerve junction

C.Brachial plexus

52. The _____ is the largest of all carpal bones and the axis of rotation for all wrist motion passes through this bone. A.Scaphoid B.Lunate C.Capitate D.Trapezium

C.Capitate

56. During active wrist extension the _____ neutralizes the radial deviation action of the extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis. A.Extensor carpi radialis longus B.Extensor digiti minimi C.Extensor carpi ulnaris D.Extensor carpi radialis brevis

C.Extensor carpi ulnaris

75. The knuckles of the fingers are the _____ joints. A.Fibrous digital B.Volar plane C.Metacarpophalangeal D.Transverse metacarpal

C.Metacarpophalangeal

86. _____ are thick fibrocartilage ligaments, or plates, that cross the palmar side of each metacarpophalangeal joint. These structures limit hyperextension of the metacarpophalangeal joints. A.Capsules B.Fibrous digital sheaths C.Palmar (volar) plates D.Deep transverse metacarpal ligaments

C.Palmar (volar) plates

63. The _____ is the thickest ligament of the wrist. A.Dorsal radiocarpal ligament B.Radial collateral ligament C.Palmar radiocarpal ligament D.Ulnar collateral ligament

C.Palmar radiocarpal ligament

78. The _____ joints are formed by the articulation between the heads of the proximal phalanges and the bases of the middle phalanges and flex about 100 to 120 degrees. A.Distal interphalangeal B.Radial collateral C.Proximal interphalangeal D.Palmar extension

C.Proximal interphalangeal

4. The _____ is a highly mobile, triangular-shaped bone that rests on the posterior side of the thorax. A.Clavicle B.Sternum C.Scapula D.Humerus

C.Scapula

80. Optimizing the alignment of the joint and minimizing underlying mechanics causing instability (such as splinting) are typical treatments for _________________. A.Radial deviated posture B.Radial translation C.Ulnar drift D.Pathomechanics

C.Ulnar drift

93. List three of the supporting structures of the metacarpophalangeal joints (knuckles).

Capsule, radial and ulnar collateral ligaments, fibrous digital sheaths, palmar (volar) plates, deep transverse metacarpal ligaments

92. List the three sets of articulations in which the joints of the hand are organized.

Carpometacarpal, metacarpophalangeal, and interphalangeal

2. Which of the following is not related to the sternum? A.Manubrium B.Sternoclavicular joint C.Xiphoid process D. Acromion

D. Acromion

33. The _____ is the prominent projection of bone on the medial side of the distal humerus. A. Coracoid process B. Trochlea C. Coronoid fossa D. Medial epicondyle

D. Medial epicondyle

36. The _____ is the large, blunt, proximal tip of the ulna commonly referred to as the elbow bone. A. Trochlear notch B. Styloid process C. Radial head D. Olecranon process

D. Olecranon process

29. Which of the following is not a bony feature of the scapula important to elbow muscles? A. Coracoid process B. Supraglenoid tubercle C. Infraglenoid tubercle D. Trochlea

D. Trochlea

83. Which of the following is not a muscle of the hypothenar eminence? A.Flexor digiti minimi B.Abductor digiti minimi C.Opponens digiti minimi D.Adductor pollicis

D.Adductor pollicis

76. The _____ is connective tissue that surrounds and stabilizes the metacarpophalangeal joint. A.Fibrous digital sheath B.Ulnar ligament C.Palmar plate D.Capsule

D.Capsule

55. The distal tendon of the_____ contains the pisiform bone that improves leverage during the combined action of wrist flexion and ulnar deviation. A.Palmaris longus B.Flexor carpi radialis C.Digitorum superficialis D.Flexor carpi ulnaris

D.Flexor carpi ulnaris

53. Which of the following can flex the MCP joints of digits 2-5? A.Flexor carpi radialis B.Flexor carpi ulnaris C.Palmaris longus D.Flexor digitorum superficialis

D.Flexor digitorum superficialis

60. Which of the following is not included in the proximal row of carpal bones? A.Scaphoid B.Lunate C.Triquetrum D.Hamate

D.Hamate

11. Without an inferior slide, the upward roll of the humerus will result in the humeral head jamming into the acromion, a process known as: A.Superior slide B.Hyperextension C.Humoral lock D.Impingement

D.Impingement

59. Which of the following is not included in the distal row of carpal bones? A.Trapezium B.Trapezoid C.Hamate D.Lunate

D.Lunate

58. When describing the surfaces of the wrist and hand, dorsal is synonymous with_____. A.Vertical B.Anterior C.Horizontal D.Posterior

D.Posterior

9. The _____ is a group of four muscles that includes the supraspinatus, infraspinatus, subscapularis, and teres minor. A.Glenohumeral support structure B.Coracoid process C.Labrum ring D.Rotator cuff

D.Rotator cuff

94. List the cardinal planes of the body in which the following types of finger movements occur: flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction.

Flexion and extension occur in the sagittal plane; abduction and adduction occur in the frontal plane.

70. List the three muscles that form the primary set of wrist flexors.

Flexor carpi radialis, flexor carpi ulnaris, and palmaris longus

47. List the four joints of the elbow and forearm complex.

Humeroulnar joint, humeroradial joint, proximal radioulnar joint, distal radioulnar joint

21. List the three points of proximal attachment for the upper trapezius.

Occipital protuberance, ligamentum nuchae, and medial portion of the superior nuchal line

71. A primary function of the wrist extensors is to _____ and _____ the wrist for activities involving the fingers, especially while making a strong fist or grasp.

Position, stabilize

69. List the proximal and distal attachment points of the palmaris longus.

Proximal attachment: medial epicondyle of humerus—common flexor tendon; distal attachment: transverse carpal ligament and palmar aponeurosis

68. Name the two major articulations of the wrist.

Radiocarpal joint and midcarpal joint

45. List the four bones related to the function of the elbow and forearm complex.

Scapula, distal humerus, ulna, and radius

20. The shoulder complex functions through the interactions of which four joints?

Sternoclavicular, scapulothoracic, acromioclavicular, and glenohumeral

24. List the three primary glenohumeral adductors.

Teres major, latissimus dorsi, pectoralis major

28. Match each of the following shoulder components to its descriptor: (A) Thin fibrous capsule that includes the superior, middle, and inferior glenohumeral ligaments (B) Attaches between the coracoid process and the anterior side of the greater tubercle; helps limit the extremes of external rotation, flexion, and extension (C) Act with the middle trapezius as a scapular stabilizer and is active during pulling. (D) Palpable just superior and medial to the superior angle of the scapula; painful points develop within this muscle resulting from slouched posture (E) Most powerful upward rotator and protractor muscle of the scapula. (1) Levator scapulae (2) Serratus anterior (3) Coracohumeral ligament (4) Rhomboids (5) Glenohumeral joint capsule

A. 5 B.3 C.4 D.1 E.2

31. The _____ is a small pit located just superior to the trochlea that accepts the coronoid process of the ulna when the elbow is fully flexed. A. Coronoid fossa B. Trochlea C. Capitulum D. Medial epicondyle

A. Coronoid fossa

34. The _____is the proximal attachment for most of the wrist extensor muscles, the supinator muscle, and the lateral collateral ligament of the elbow. A. Lateral epicondyle B. Trochlea C. Medial epicondyle D. Coracoid process

A. Lateral epicondyle

41. In full supination the radius and ulna lie _____ to each other. A. Parallel B. Perpendicular C. In crossed relation D. Opposed

A. Parallel

38. This pointed projection of bone arises from the ulnar head and can be palpated on the ulnar side of the wrist dorsum, with the forearm fully pronated: A. Styloid process B. Olecranon process C. Radial head D. Bicipital tuberosity

A. Styloid process

42. Supination occurs in many functional activities that require the palm to be turned up. A. True B. False

A. True

100. Match the attachment to its description. (A) Lateral epicondyle of the humerus—common extensor tendon 1 (B) Blends with the index tendon of the extensor digitorum 4 (C) Joins the tendon of the extensor digitorum to the little finger 5 (D) Posterior surface of distal ulna and interosseous membrane 2 (E) Ulnar side of the belly of the extensor Digitorum 3 (1) Proximal attachment of the extensor digitorum (2) Proximal attachment of the extensor indicis (3) Distal attachment of the extensor indicis (4) Proximal attachment of the extensor digiti minimi (5) Distal attachment of the extensor digiti minimi

A.1 B.4 C.5 D.2 E.3

26. Match the following muscles with their respective distal attachment points: (A) Crest of the greater tubercle of the humerus (B) Deltoid tuberosity of the humerus (C) Olecranon process of the ulna (D) Medial aspect of the proximal shaft of the humerus (E) Crest of the lesser tubercle of the humerus (1) Teres major (2) Pectoralis major (3) Coracobrachialis (4) Deltoids (5) Long head of the triceps

A.2 B.4 C.5 D.1 E.3

48. Match the following bone features with their descriptions: (A) Large jaw-like curvature of the proximal ulna (B) Articulates with the head of the radius, forming the proximal radioulnar joint (C) Pointed projection of bone arising from the ulnar head (D) Wide disk-shaped feature on the proximal end of the radius (E) Enlarged ridge of bone located on the anterior-medial aspect of the proximal radius (1) Radial head (2) Trochlear notch (3) Bicipital tuberosity (4) Radial notch (5) Styloid process

A.2 B.4 C.5 D.1 E.3

27. Match the following muscles with the actions they perform: (A) Shoulder abduction (B) External rotation of the shoulder (C) Internal rotation of the shoulder (D) Shoulder depression (E) Supination of the forearm (1) Latissimus dorsi (2) Infraspinatus (3) Supraspinatus (4) Subscapularis (5) Biceps brachii

A.3 B.2 C.4 D.1 E.5

98. Match the term to its description (A) Formed by the distal row of carpal bones; forms rigid arch 4 (B) The keystone of the proximal transverse arch 2 (C) The keystone of the distal transverse arch 3 (D) Passes through the metacarpophalangeal joints; has mobile sides 5 (E) Has only proximal and distal phalanx 1 (1) Thumb (2) Capitate bone (3) Metacarpophalangeal joints of the second and third metacarpals (4) Proximal transverse arch (5) Distal transverse arch

A.4 B.2 C.3 D.5 E.1

97. Match the attachment to its description. (A) By four tendons, each to the base of the distal phalanx of digits 2-5 4 (B) Middle anterior portion of the radius and interosseous membrane 5 (C) Common flexor tendon on the medial epicondyle of the humerus, coronoid process of the ulna, and radius—just lateral to the bicipital tuberosity 1 (D) By four tendons, each to the sides of the middle phalanges of the fingers 2 (E) Anterior ulna and interosseous membrane 3 (1) Proximal attachment of the flexor digitorum superficialis (2) Distal attachment of the flexor digitorum superficialis (3) Proximal attachment of the flexor digitorum profundus (4) Distal attachment of the flexor digitorum profundus (5) Proximal attachment of the flexor pollicis longus

A.4 B.5 C.1 D.2 E.3