Anatomy - Skeletal System

How does bone damage repair itself?

- blood clotting - connects broken ends forming spongy bone and replacting cartilaginous callus - bone remdeling occurs

What are the two types of ossification?

- intramembranous - endochondral

What are the 4 main types of bones?

- long - short - flat - irregular

How many bones do we have?

206

How often does your skeleton rebuild itself?

7-10 years

What is the first step in bone remodeling?

Activation

What run through each osteon?

Haversian canal

What does the sesame look like?

a sesame seed

Examples of endochondral ossification

all other bones

What are examples of long bones?

arms, legs, hands, feet

What function is in red bone marrow of certain bones?

blood cell formation

What is intramembranous ossification?

bone that develops from a fibrous mambrane

What is endochondral ossification?

bones that develops by replacing cartilage

What is a fracture?

break

How are bones classified?

by shape and location

What is the new matrix mineralized with?

calcium and phosphorus

How is connective tissue in our bones?

cartilage and dense connective tissue cover the bone's external surface

What are osteoclasts?

cells that break down bone tissue

What are osteoblasts?

cells that repair the bone that the osteoclasts broke down

Example of intramembranous ossification

clavicle and skull bone

irregular bones are _____?

everything else

What forms when the bone connects itself?

fibrocartilagious callus

What are depressions for?

for blood vessels and nerves to run through

What is ossificiation essential for?

for bone growth from childhood up until early adulthood

What is ossification used for later in life?

for bone remodeling and repair

What is ossification key for?

for forming your skeleton as an embryo

What is the fourth step in bone remodeling?

formation

What form when the blood clots happen?

hematoma

What are examples of irregular bones?

hip bones, vertebrae, some facial bones

What function is critical for helping maintain homeostasis?

hormone production

How is epithelial tissue in our bones?

in its blood vessels, which provide nourishment

How is nervous tissue in our bones?

in its nerves

Where is spongy bone found?

interior of bone

How can you tell that a bone is an irregular bone?

it have a highly specialized shape and structure

What detects the bones function?

its shape

What is immobilization?

keeping bone stable so it has time to heal itself

Where are osteocytes located?

lacunae - between lamellae

What are osteons made of?

lamellae

Flat bones have a _____ surface area

large

What do long bones act as?

levers

Where are long bones located?

limbs

Longer bones are _______?

longer than they are wide

What does red bone marrow do?

makes red blood cells

What happens during reversal?

mesenchymal stem cells are along the burrow or pit where they are proliferate and differentiate into osteoblasts

Short bones are _______?

more cubed shape

What function helps the skeletal muscles that are connected to cones via tendons and use bones as levers at joints

movement

What do pre-osteoclasts fuse to form?

multi-nucleated osteoclasts

What do flat bones look like?

often have a bit of a curve

Spongy bone is less _____ than compact bone?

organized

What happens during formation?

osteoblasts mature at the surface of the burrow/pit and release osteoid at the site, forming a new soft non-mineralized matrix

What does resorption do?

osteoclasts release enzymes that allow them to digest calcium phosphate and return it to the blood for various uses

In resorption what happens with the compact bone?

osteoclasts will burrow a tunnel

In resorption what happens with the spongy bone?

osteoclats dig out a cavity

What does activation do?

osteocytes release chemical signals to tell osteoclasts to go to the remodeling sites

What is compact bone made out of?

osteons

Where is compact bone found?

outside of the bone

Where is the sesame located in the body?

patella

3 bone markings

projection, surfaces, and depressions

What function guards the body's most vital organs

protection

What is the last step in bone remodeling?

quiescence (resting)

What is reduction?

realignment of broken bone ends

What is treatment?

reduction and immobilization

What is the second step in bone remodeling?

resorption

What is the third step in bone remodeling?

reversal

What is Haversian canal?

runs through the middle of each osteon and contains small blood vessels for nourishment and nerve fibers for signaling

What is the special kind of short bone?

sesame

What happens during resting?

sites, with resting lining cells, remain dormant until the next cycle

How is muscle tissue in our bones?

skeletal muscle tissue

What do short bones provide?

stability and support with little movement

What are examples of flat bones?

sternum, scapulae, ribs, and pelvis, also some cranial bones

What function stores minerals like calcium and phosphate, which can be released into blood when needed

storage

What does yellow bone marrow do?

stores energy on the form of fat

What function holds up your entire body?

support

What are osteocytes?

tells other bone cells where to go and what to do

What do short bones look like?

tend to be wide as they are long

What do long bones look like?

tend to have a long shaft with earthier end being a bit wider

What are osteons?

the basic structural unit; long cylinders that act as tiny weight-bearing pillars in the bone

What would happen if bones didn't remodel themselves?

the calcium in our bones would crystallize and make bones more brittle

What is ossification?

the process of bone tissue formation

What happens to the osteoclasts after they are done digesting the calcium phosphate?

they disappear

Flat bones are ______?

thin and flat

What is trabeculae?

tiny bone struts that are key for helping the bone resist stress

What is lamellae filled with?

tiny salt and collagen fibers that allow the bone to resist torsion stress

Why do flat bones have such a large surface area?

to attach to the muscle

what are surfaces for?

to form joints

What does spongy bone shave that compact bone doesn't?

trabeculae

What are projection for?

where muscles and ligaments attach

What are examples of short bones?

wrists and ankles

Does spongy bone have osteons?

Nope