Anatomy Special Senses Test

Explain static and dynamic equilibrium and their interrelationships

Static equilibrium is not moving and is regulated by the maculae in the vestibule and otoliths in the maculae roll in response to head position and the pull of gravity. Dynamic equilibrium is moving and is regulated by the semicircular canals. Movement of the head causes the cupula to move in the opposite direction. Static and dynamic equilibrium work together to send impulses to the cerebellum to help control balance.

Using Figure 8.1, the tympanic membrane is indicated by

c. Label I (label 3 on pic)

What vision disorder results from the loss of lens transparency?

c. cataracts

The membrane that covers the outer surface of the eye and lines the eyelids is the

c. conjunctiva

The transparent portion of the fibrous layer of the eye is the

c. cornea

What structure is lined with ceruminous glands?

c. external acoustic meatus (auditory canal)

Increased pressure within the eye, which causes pain and possibly blindness

c. glaucoma

Fluid-filled part of the ear

c. inner ear

Location of equilibrium receptors

c. inner ear

Location of otoliths

c. inner ear

Location of the cochlea

c. inner ear

Location of vestibular apparatus

c. inner ear

Which gland is located above the lateral end of each eye and releases tears?

c. lacrimal

What flexible, crystal-like structure of the eye focuses light on the retina?

c. lens

The inability to see distant objects is termed "nearsighted" or

c. myopia

Dynamic equilibrium receptors that detect information about angular or rotational movements of the head are housed in the

c. semicircular canals

The only special sense that is NOT fully functional at birth is

c. vision

The gel-like substance housed in the posterior segment of the eye is the ___.

c. vitreous humor

Using Figure 8.1, the stapes (stirrup) is indicated by

d. Label H (last part of label 8 on pic)

What type of photoreceptor cell allows us to see gray tones in dim light, and provides our peripheral vision?

d. rods

Decreased lens elasticity associated with aging

e. presbyopia

Identify the pathway of vibrations as they travel from one ossicle to the next

a. malleus, incus, stapes

Location of the ossicles

a. middle ear

Location of the pharyngotympanic tube

a. middle ear

Tympanic membrane separates the outer ear from this region

a. middle ear

The fibrous covering of the eye consists of the white outer layer, known as the ___, and a transparent portion known as the ___.

a. sclera; cornea

"crossed eyes"

a. strabismus

The five taste sensations are

a. sweet, sour, bitter, salty, umami

What membrane divides the outer ear from the middle ear?

a. tympanic membrane (ear drum)

Using Figure 8.1, the cochlea is indicated by

b. Label B (label 11 on pic)

Using Figure 8.1, the malleus (hammer) is indicated by

b. Label E (first part of label 8 on pic)

Most common form is lack of red or green cones receptors

b. color blindness

What is the reflexive movement of both eyes medially to view objects close to us?

b. convergence

What must be stimulated in order for the sense of hearing to be transmitted to the cochlear nerve?

b. hair cells

The auditory ossicle called the "anvil" is also known as the

b. incus

What type of chemoreceptor is responsible for our sense of smell?

b. olfactory receptor

Tiny stones made of calcium salts that roll in response to changes in gravitational pull are called

b. otoliths

Location of ceruminous glands

b. outer ear

Location of the Auricle (pinna) and external acoustic meatus

b. outer ear

The small, peglike projections of the tongue's surface are called

b. papillae

Which layer of the eye contains photoreceptors known as rods and cones?

b. retina

Hair cells that function as hearing receptors are located within the

b. spinal organ of Corti

What region of the retina lacks photoreceptor cells?

c. optic disc (blind spot)

What part of the eye has the greatest visual acuity?

d. fovea centralis

Charlotte burned the top of her tongue in a hot slice of pizza. What type of taste bud was damaged?

d. fungiform papillae

Farsightedness

d. hyperopia

An ear infection following an illness such as a cold can pass from the throat through the auditory (pharyngotympanic) tube to the

d. middle ear

Fibers from the medial side of each eye cross over to the opposite side of the brain at the

d. optic chiasma

The age-related fusion of ear bones is known as

d. presbycusis

The function of the choroid layer of the eye is to

d. prevent light from scattering inside the eye

Inflammation of conjunctiva

f. conjunctivitis

Using Figure 8.1, the semicircular canals are indicated by

c. Label C (label 9 on pic)

The Auricle (pinna) is indicated by

c. Label F (label 1 on pic)

The vibration of sound waves causes the tympanic membrane, or eardrum, to move against an ossicle known as

a. malleus or hammer