Anatomy study set

A structure located above another (closer to the top of the head) is ___ to it.

superior

Using nutrients from food as a source of energy an example of an organisms ___.

metabolism

James needs a band-aid for his talus area. Where does he need the band-aid?

his ankle

The parietal pleura ___.

lines the thoracic cavity

If Liam has a bruise on his scapular area he has a bruise ___.

on his shoulder blade

Noah's surgeon will make a cut on to the left pelvic region. His surgeon will make the cut ___.

on the inferior region of the body trunk

The testes, ureters, and ovaries are organs of the ___ system.

reproductive

The sternum is considered to be medial to the ___.

-arms -lungs

The lungs, trachea, and nasal passages are components of the ___ system.

respiratory

On the head, the skin is ___ to the skull.

superficial

A horizontal cut through the body is called a ___ plane.

transverse

Indicate the two terms that mean toward the front of the the human body or body part

-anterior -ventral

Organs of the reproductive system include ___.

-ureters -ovaries -testes

Inferior, in anatomical terms, means ___.

closer to the feet

Medial means ___.

closer to the midline of the body

The term ___ refers to the lower leg.

crural

The stomach, liver, and intestines are organs of the ___system.

digestive

The ___ are found in the abdominal cavity.

digestive organs

The term ___ refers to a finger or toe.

digit

Benjamin needed surgery in the cranial region. He needed surgery where?

in his head

Lucas has a cramp on his crural area. Where is his cramp?

in his lower leg

The layer of the peritoneum that lines the abdominopelvic cavity is the ___ layer.

parietal

Name the serious membrane of the abdominopelvic cavity.

peritoneal membrane (peritoneum)

The term talus refers to the ___.

ankle

The forearm (elbow to wrist) is the ___ region.

antebrachial

The area anterior to the elbow is the ___ region of the body.

antecubital

A structure to the front of another is ___ to it.

anterior (ventral)

Ava has a mole in her pectoral region. Her mole is ___.

anterior chest

The patellar region (at the kneecap) is located on the ___ surface of the knee.

anterior/ventral

The buttocks forms the ___ region of the body.

gluteal

The thoracic cavity is divided into right and left parts by a median partition called the ___.

mediastinum

The brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves are organs of the ___ system.

nervous

The pleural cavity is lined with the ___ pleura.

parietal

What serous membrane lines the inner surface of the body cavity?

parietal

The serous membrane layer located on the inner surface of a trunk cavity is the ___ layer.

parietal / peritoneal

The specific term for the shoulder blade is the ___.

scapular

The middle of the thorax where the breast bone is located is referred to as the ___ region.

sternal

The calf of the leg is the ___ region.

sural

The study of external body structures to locate deeper tissue/organs is termed ___ anatomy.

surface

Studying external features of the body and it's relation to deeper structures is an example of the use of ___.

surface anatomy

The point of the shoulder is the ___ region.

acromial

The term that means towards the head is ___.

cephalic

The collarbone is referred to as the ___ region.

clavicular

Proximal means ___.

close to a point of attachment

A change in cell structure and function from a cell to the specialized cell type is referred to as ___.

differentiation

Breaking down food stuff and absorbing the results molecules into the body are functions of the ___ system.

digestive

The gallbladder, salivary glands, and the esophagus are organs of the ___ system.

digestive

If a structure of a limb is located farther from the trunk than another structure is, it is considered to be ___.

distal

A midsagittal plane divides the body ___.

equally

The double-layered serous membrane that surrounds the long is called the ___ membrane.

pleural

The space between the two serous membrane surrounding each lung is called the ___ cavity.

pleural

The pleural cavity is filled with ___.

pleural fluid

Name the serous membrane covering the lungs.

pleural membrane (pleural)

Inflammation of the serous membrane surrounding the lungs is called ___.

pleurisy

Mia has a scrape on her femoral region. She has a scrape on her ___.

thigh

what term refers to the portion of the lower limb between the hip and the knee?

thigh

The chest is referred to as the ___.

thorax

Charlotte is having abdominal pain. She is having pain between her ___.

thorax and pelvis

A longitudinal section cuts an organ ___.

through its entire length

The term ___ refers to the spinal column.

vertebral

Serous membranes have two layers. The layer of serous membranes that covers the surface of an organ in a trunk cavity is the ___.

visceral

The surface of the abdominopelvic organs is covered with the ___ peritoneum.

visceral

What serous membrane covers the actual surface of the organs found in a cavity?

visceral

The eye is ___ to the nose.

lateral

Physiology

-Insulin and glycogen help maintain normal blood sugar levels -kidney secrete H+ ions to raise a persons pH -during exercise an increase in sympathetic activity increased cardiac output -increased levels of proclain promote milk formation in the mammary glands

The abdominopelvic cavity is subdivided into the ___ cavity (containing the stomach and small intestines) and the ___cavity (containing the urinary bladder internal reproductive organs)

-abdominal -pelvic

Ventral also means ___.

-anterior

The anatomical term that is usually synonymous with "superior" in humans and means towards the head is ___.

-cranial -cephalic

The organs of the endocrine system include ___.

-hypothalamus -pituitary gland

The tip of the nose is ___ and ___ to the eyes.

-inferior -medial

Organs of the urinary system include ___.

-kidneys -ureters

Leg—>? Ankle—>? Forearm—>? Arm—>? Calf—? Thigh—>?

-leg-> crural -ankle-> talus -forearm-> antebrachial -arm-> brachial -calf-> sural -thigh-> femoral

Proximal and distal are used with what body parts?

-legs -arms

Identify locations of serous membranes.

-lining the trunk cavities -covering organs within trunk cavities

Identify structures of the lymphatic system.

-lymph nodes -lymphatic vessels -tonsils

Anatomical position refers to a body that is ___.

-palms forward -standing erect

In regards to the layers of the serous membrane, the rib cage is lined with ___ pleura and the surface of the lungs are covered with ___ pleura.

-parietal -visceral

The trunk consist of what three body regions?

-pelvis -thorax -abdomen

What directional terms are used to indicate the distance from the attachment point for arms and legs?

-proximal -distal

What are the four abdominal quadrants?

-right upper -left upper -right lower -left lower

Examples of structure of the integumentary system are ___.

-skin -nails -hair

Anatomy

-study of form -each kidney contains approximately 6-10 pyramid -the human heart is compromised of for chambers -the brachial artery gives rise to ulnar and radial arteries -the brain is composed of two hemispheres -the major muscle located at the back of the upper arm has three heads off

Physiology is the study of

-study of function -cellular energy requires the body production of ATP -glucose (a form of simple carbohydrate) is necessary fuel for the brain -the long term acid base balance of the body is controlled by the kidneys

Anatomy

-the bronchi and alveoli are part of the lower respiratory tract -the internal carotid artery blood to the brain -the wall of the ureters has 3 layers -the brainstorm is composed of the midbrain, pons, and medulla -tendons are the structures that attach muscles to bones -several layers of the squamous cells comprise the epidermis of the skin

Identify functions of the integumentary system.

-thermoregulation -prevention of water loss 1 protection of underlying tissue

The anatomical term digital refers to which parts of the body.

-toe -finger

A feedback mechanism that represents a cycle where physiological change leads to an even greater change in the same direction is a ___.

Positive feedback

Which of the following represents the process of differentiation?

a generalized cell changing into a specific cell type

Homeostasis is the body's ability to maintain ___.

a relatively stable internal condition

What region of the body is found between the thorax in the pelvis?

abdomen

Harper has peritonitis. She has inflammation in the ___ region.

abdominal

The ___ cavity house the stomach, intestines, liver, and spleen.

abdominal/ abdominopelvic

Studying the structure of the heart is an example of ___.

anatomy

The study of body structure is called ___.

anatomy

Lateral means ___.

away from the midline

The term indicating the armpit region is ___.

axillary

The directional terms posterior and dorsal mean toward the ___.

back

The posterior branch of a spinal nerve would be exiting the vertebral column and extending toward the ___ of the thorax.

back

Name an organ located in the pelvic cavity

bladder

Which is the main organ of the skeletal system?

bones

The arm (above the elbow) is the ___ region of the body.

brachial

The primary function of the digestive system is ___.

breakdown of food

Which is an organ of the respiratory system?

bronchi

The cheek region on the face is the ___ region.

buccal

The heel is referred to as the ___ region.

calcaneal

The heart and blood vessels are organs of which body system?

cardiovascular

Another term for wrist is ___.

carpal

The term that refers to the tail is ___.

caudal

What word is usually synonymous with "inferior" in humans and means towards the tail?

caudal

In organisms, the smallest living structural and functional subunit is called a ___.

cell

The basic structural and functional unit of life is the ___.

cell

Cutting the top of the nose off the body would be an example of cutting the body in the ___ plane.

coronal

The hip is also known as the ___ region.

coxal

The bones of the arm are ___ to the muscles and skin.

deep

The muscles of the leg are ___ to the skin.

deep

The terms posterior and ___ both describe being towards the back of the body or body part.

dorsal

The body system responsible for regulation of metabolism, growth, reproduction, and section of hormones is the ___ system.

endocrine

The thyroid gland, adrenal gland's and ovaries are organs of the ___system.

endocrine

True/False: A deviation from a set point results in disease

false

True/False: If you are lying on the ground in the supine position, your chest is superior to your back.

false

True/False: If you were lying on the ground in the supine position your chest is superior to your back.

false

Distal means ___.

farther away from a point of attachment

The thigh is referred to as the ___ region.

femoral

The forehead is referred to as the ___ region.

frontal

The plane that cuts the body lengthwise and seperates the body into anterior and posterior is called___.

frontal (coronal)

Amelia was just diagnosed with pericarditis. She has inflammation around her ___.

heart

An example of a structure located in the mediastinum is the ___.

heart

An example of an anterior position is the position of the sternum in relation to the ___.

heart

The tendency of a living body to maintain relatively stable internal conditions in spite of greater changes in its external environment is known as ___.

homeostasis

If Emma has a pulled muscle in her inguinal area, she has a pulled muscle ___.

in her groin

Isabella has pain in her lumbar region. Where is her pain?

in her lower back

In positive feedback , the response to the original stimulus ___.

increases

A structure located below another (closer to the feet) is ___ to it.

inferior

The pelvic region can be described as the ___.

inferior region of the trunk and includes the hips

The term for the region of the groin is ___.

inguinal

Protection of underlying tissues, production of vitamin d, and regulation of body temperature are all functions of what body system?

integumentary

Skin is the main organ of the ___ system.

integumentary

In directional terms, the naval ("belly button") is ___ to the sternum (breastbone).

interior

A structure described as being ___ is to the side, away from the midline.

lateral

In terms of location within the body, the lungs in relation to the heart are ___.

lateral

A sagittarius plane divides a body into ___.

left and right portions

Identify the term that refers to the anterior portion of the lower limb between the knee and the ankle.

leg

A cut through the long axis of an organ is a ___.

longitudinal section

The term for the region of the the lower back between of the lower back between the ribs and the pelvis is ___.

lumbar

Mason has pleurisy. He has inflammation around his ___.

lungs

The thymus and spleen are organs of the ___ system.

lymphatic

The term that refers to the breast is ___.

mammary

The entire hand is referred to as the ___ region.

manual

A structure that is located closer to the much line is referred to as being ___.

medial

In directional terms, the bridge are the nose is ___ to the eyes.

medial

The chin is referred to as the ___ region.

mental

What structures anchor abdominopelvic organs to the body wall?

mesenteries

Two layers of peritoneum fused together is called a ___.

mesentery

The term that refers to all the chemical reactions occurring in cells is ___.

metabolism

The plane that cuts through the body lengthwise and divides it into equal left and right halves.

midsagittal

An example of an inferior position on the body would be the sternums position compared to the ___.

mouth

Knowledge of the structure of body parts help us to understand their function. Which of the following is an accurate example of that principle?

moveable joints allow us to bend our fingers to perform many different actions

Movement and maintaining posture are functions of what body systems?

muscular

The term that refers to the nose is ___.

nasal

Superficial means ___.

nearer to the surface

Bodily changes are detected and responses are activated that reverse the change and restore stability and preserve normal body function during ___.

negative feedback

Detection of sensation and intellectual functions are controlled by what body systems?

nervous

The brain is a major organ of the ___ system.

nervous

The lower posterior region of the head of the ___ region.

occipital

Olivia has an oral lesion. Where is her lesion?

on her mouth

Elijah has a pectoral tattoo. Where is his tattoo?

on his chest

The anatomical term ___ means "mouth".

oral

The eye cavity (socket) is the ___ region.

orbital

A microscopic structure within a cell such as a lysosome that carries out individual cell functions is an ___.

organelle

Small structures such as mitochondria and nucleus that make up cells and carry out. the biochemical reactions for specific cell functions are called ___.

organelles

The term that means pertaining to the ear is ___.

otic/auricular

The anterior surface of the hand is referred to as the ___ region.

palmer

What serous membrane lines the cavity holding the heart?

parietal pericardium

The front of the knee is the ___ region.

patellar

The anterior region of the chest is the ___ region.

pectoral

The foot is referred to as the ___ region of the body.

pedal

The reproductive organs are found in the ___ cavity.

pelvic

The inferior end of the trunk associated with the hips is the ___.

pelvis

The cavity surrounds the heart but not the lungs is referred to as ___.

pericardial

The serous membrane that lines the pericardial is the ___ membrane.

pericardial

The pericardial cavity is filled with ___.

pericardial fluid

Name the serous membranes associated with the heart.

pericardial membranes (pericardium)

Inflammation of the serous membrane surrounding the heart is called ___.

pericarditis

The serous membrane associated with the internal organs of the abdominopelvic cavity is the ___.

peritoneum

Inflammation of the serous membranes of the abdominal cavity is called ___.

peritonitis

The term referring to the area behind the knee is ___.

popliteal

The vertebral column is ___ to the sternum (breastbone).

posterior

A structure located toward the back or behind another is ___ to it.

posterior (dorsal)

A structure on a limb is ___ to another if it is located closer to the trunk.

proximal

In directional terms, the knee is ___ to the ankle.

proximal

In terms of position or direction in the body, the knuckles of the digits are ___ to the nails.

proximal

An alternate name for the genital region is ___.

pubic region

what subdivisions of the body are created when a ventricle line in a horizontal line divide the abdomen into four sections?

quadrants

A study of all the structures of the chest is referred to as ___ anatomy.

regional

The discipline of anatomy that studies the body by area, such as the head, leg or back, is called ___.

regional anatomy

Besides exchanging gases the respiratory system also ___.

regulated pH

A lengthwise cut that seperates the body into left and right portions is a ___ plane.

sagittal

Ventilation and gas exchange between air and the blood are the functions of what system?

respiratory

Negative feedback a mechanism that ___.

reverses the change and maintains homeostasis

The posterior area between the hip bone is the ___ region of the body.

sacral

The term for the medial and posterior region between the hip bones is ___.

sacral

The double-layered membranes that line body cavities that do not open to the body are called ___ membranes.

serous

Bone, ligaments, and cartilage are organs of the ___ system.

skeletal

Identify the body system that functions in protection and support for the body.

skeletal

The pelvis, sternum, and cranium are organs or components of which body system?

skeletal

The system that provides protection and support for the body, attachment sites for muscles and movements are functions of the ___ system.

skeletal

The term cranial refers to the ___.

skull

Oliver has a vertebral tumor. His tumor is associated with the ___.

spinal column

A structure described as ___ is closer to the surface.

superficial

The cornea of the eye is external to the iris. Thus, the corona is ___ to the iris.

superficial

The neck is ___ to the pelvis.

superior

A transverse plane will divide the body or an organ into ___ portions.

superior and inferior

William has a blood vessel that has burst in his orbital region. What is the burst blood vessel?

the eye region

Sophia hit her occipital area. She hit ___.

the lower back of her head

Indicate which statement is not an accurate representation between suture and function.

the spine of the scapula is a bony ridge on the posterior scapular surface

Posterior, in anatomical terms, means ___.

toward the back

In anatomical terms, superior means ___.

toward the head

Chopping the head off of a body is cutting the body along body place?

transverse

A cut through the body parallel to the floor that divides the body into superior and inferior parts is called a ___ plane.

transverse/horizontal

True/False: Directional terms are always used relative to anatomical position, regardless of the actual persons body position.

true

True/False: During some situations, there are beneficial deviations from set points.

true

True/False: Feedback mechanisms are less common in heathy individuals than feedback mechanisms

true

True/False: The pelvic region is inferior most region of the trunk.

true

The thorax, abdomen, and pelvis are regions of the ___.

trunk

The term ___ refers to the navel.

umbilical

The "belly button" region is specifically referred to as the ___ region.

umbilical/naval

Positive feedback mechanisms are more commonly seen in ___ individuals.

unhealthy

The kidneys and bladder are organs of the ___ system.

urinary

The front aspect of the body can be described as frontal or ___.

ventral