anatomy test 4- ch. 11
Paralysis of the muscles of mastication may be an indication of damage to the trigeminal (V) cranial nerve.
TRUE
The inferior constrictor, middle constrictor, and superior constrictor are muscles that move the wall of the pharynx, assisting with the movement of food and liquid into the esophagus.
TRUE
The ischiocavernosus muscles maintain erection of the penis in the male and the clitoris in the female.
TRUE
The range of movement at a joint depends upon the point of attachment of the muscle and the length of its fibers.
TRUE
Tibialis anterior and tibialis posterior muscles both invert the foot.
TRUE
The deltoid muscle is named according to:
relative shape of the muscle
The extensor digitorum extends the phalanges. The extensor digiti minimi extends the distal phalanges only.
the first statement is true; the second is false
The erector spinae is a group of muscles of the back, including which three of the following groups? 1. iliocostalis 2. spinalis 3. segmental 4. longissimus 5. scalene
1. iliocostalis 2. spinalis 4. longissimus
The muscle indicated by line D can extend the spine.
FALSE
Muscles with either parallel or fusiform arrangements of fasciculi tend to have longer fibers than pennate muscles.
TRUE
The muscles of the posterior compartment of the thigh _____ the thigh and _____ the leg.
extend; flex
What is the action of the rectus femoris?
extends leg
All muscles of facial expression are innervated by the _____ cranial nerve.
facial (VII)
What is the action of the flexor digitorum brevis?
flexes toes
The aponeurosis (sheet-like tendon) that unites the frontal belly (frontalis) and occipital belly (occipitalis) muscles is called the _____.
galea aponeurotics or epicranial aponeurosis
The principal muscle used for extending the thigh, as in climbing stairs, is the _____.
gluteus maximus
The pectoralis minor muscle
may originate from ribs 3 to 5
The muscle that acts on your left eyeball to move it as you read this line is the _____.
medial rectus
What muscle is indicated by line D? s
semimembranosus
What muscle is indicated by line A?
soleus
A circular muscle that encloses an orifice is a _____ muscle.
sphincter
The _____ muscle is a landmark that separates the anterior and posterior triangles of the neck.
sternocleidomastoid
Name three muscles that insert on the mastoid process. All three muscles move the head. Which one of these is antagonistic to the other two in the action of rotating the head?
sternocleidomastoid, splenius capitis, longissimus capitis. The sternocleidomastoid is the antagonist. It rotates the face away from the contracting muscle, whereas the other two cause a rotation toward the same side as the contracting muscle.
The _____ muscle extends from the sternum to the thyroid cartilage and acts to depress the larynx.
sternothyroid
The rotator cuff muscles are _____, _____, _____, and _____. What vigorous movement of the shoulder most likely contributes to a rotator cuff injury?
supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis; circumduction
Which best describes the latissimus dorsi?
swimmer's muscle
Which best describes the sartorius?
tailor's muscle
The three intrinsic muscles of the hand that produce thumb movements are, as a group, called _____ muscles.
thenar
The muscle indicated by line B originates from the _____ and inserts on the _____.
ilium; tibia
The greater tubercle of the humerus is the point of insertion of which of the following muscles?
infraspinatus
The diagastric, stylohyoid, mylohyoid, and geniohyoid muscles have which of the following in common?
insertion on the body of the hyoid bone
Regarding characteristics used to name muscles, which of the following is INCORRECTLY matched? a) rectus-parallel to midline b) platys-circular c) biceps-two origins d) brevis-short
platys-circular
Muscles that extend the forearm are located on the _____ surface of the _____.
posterior; humerus
Muscles that insert via the calcaneal tendon do NOT include: a) plantaris b) gastrocnemius. c) tibialis posterior d) soleus.
tibialis posterior
Which of the following pairs of terms does NOT correctly match muscle with innervation?a) subclavius; subclavian nerve b) rhomboid major; dorsal scapular nerve c) serratus anterior; long thoracic nerve d) trapezius; median pectoral nerve
trapezius; median pectoral nerve
Of the muscles that move the forearm, two have points of origin on the scapula. They are the biceps brachii and the:
triceps brachii
What muscle is indicated by line B?
triceps brachii
The flexor carpi _____ flexes and adducts the wrist.
ulnaris
What muscle is indicated by line B? vm
vastus medialis
The most common type of lever in the body is the first-class lever designated as EFL.
FALSE (3rd class)
The sternocleidomastoid muscle inserts on the occipital bone.
FALSE (mastoid)
List the muscles that act on the mandible to open the mouth and those that act on the mandible to close the mouth. Which set of muscles is more forceful? Why?
Masseter, temporalis, and medial pterygoid close the mouth. Lateral pterygoid, digastric, mylohyoid, and geniohyoid open the mouth. Closing the mouth is more forceful. Masseter and temporalis are large, powerful muscles whose main action is to elevate the mandible. All muscles that act to depress the mandible have other primary actions.
Which of the following statements regarding the quadriceps femoris is correct?
Rectus femoris originates from the anterior inferior iliac spine.
The rectus sheath and linea alba are formed by the aponeuroses of the external obliques, internal obliques, and transversus abdominis muscles.
TRUE
Which of the following is/are TRUE? 1. Synergists are muscles that oppose the agonist. 2. Agonists contract while the antagonists relax. 3. The biceps brachii and the triceps brachii are an antagonistic pair.
2. Agonists contract while the antagonists relax. 3. The biceps brachii and the triceps brachii are an antagonistic pair.
The muscle indicated by line G
ABducts the scapula (prob pectoralis minor)
What is the action of the plantar interossei?
ADduct toes
The following muscles all have attachments to ribs or their costal cartilages. Which of them are NOT used to produce the movements of normal breathing? 1. external intercostals 2. internal intercostals 3. external obliques 4. internal obliques 5. diaphragm
3. external obliques 4. internal obliques (obliques r in abdomen that move vertebral column)
1) Ordinarily, the insertion of a muscle: 1. in a limb is proximal to the origin. 2. does not move when the muscle contracts. 3. is the movable point of attachment of a muscle. 4. attaches a muscle to a bone or skin.
3. is the movable point of attachment of a muscle. 4. attaches a muscle to a bone or skin.
Medial epicondylitis which is often times seen in pianists, violinists, golfers and those who use computers is a condition which affects mainly the extensor muscles of the forearm.
FALSE
The scalenes originate on the first and second ribs and insert on the third through sixth thoracic vertebrae.
FALSE
Explain why an astronaut "must work hard to open their mouths" while in space but an elderly person asleep in a chair, for example, has their mouth open.
The force of gravity is at work on the sleeping elderly person to open the mouth as the masseter, temporalis and medial pteygoid muscles (which close the mouth) are relaxed. The astronaut, however, is in a zero gravity environment and without the assistance of gravity needs to make an additional effort to open the mouth.
Which best describes the buccinator?
Trumpeter's muscle
Using the terms prime mover, antagonist, synergist, and fixator, describe the various roles muscles may play in a group.
Within opposing muscle pairs, one muscle, called the prime mover, contracts to cause an action while the other muscle, the antagonist, stretches and yields to the effects of the prime mover. For example, flexing the forearm at the elbow involves the biceps brachii as the prime mover and the triceps brachii as the antagonist. Synergists prevent unwanted movements at intermediate joints or otherwise aid the movement of the prime mover. For example, contraction of the wrist extensor muscles stabilizes the wrist joint and prevents unwanted movement, while the flexor muscles of the fingers contract to flex the fingers. Fixators stabilize the origin of the prime mover so the prime mover can act more efficiently. For example, in abduction of the arm, the deltoid muscle serves as the prime mover, and fixators include pectoralis minor, trapezius, subclavius, serratus anterior muscles, and others which hold the scapula in place.
What muscle is indicated by line B? bf
biceps femoris
Which two muscles provide good examples for use of the term "synergists"?
biceps femoris and semitendinosis
The strength of movement produced by a muscle depends upon how close to the joint it is attached. A muscle attached farther away will produce a more powerful movement than one attached nearer the joint.
both statements are true
The central portion of the diaphragm is an aponeurosis that serves as the tendon of insertion for the diaphragm. The tendon is called:
central tendon
Which two muscles provide a good example of an "antagonistic pair"?
fibularis (peroneus) longus and tibialis anterior
What is the principal action of the muscle indicated by line B?
flexes leg
The psoas major and iliacus muscles have a common insertion on the femur. These two muscles are involved in _____ of the thigh.
flexion
To produce movement, a bone acts as a lever and the joint acts as the _____.
fulcrum
Whereas superficial flexors in the anterior compartment of the forearm originate from the _____ epicondyle of the humerus, the superficial extensors in the posterior compartment of the forearm originate from the _____ epicondyle of the humerus.
medial; lateral
The fibers of the external oblique muscle are directed inferiorly and _____.
medially
The _____ muscle of the larynx acts as a sphincter to control the size of the inlet of the larynx.
oblique arytenoid
Which muscle originates from the medial epicondyle of the humerus AND turns the forearm (pronates) so that the palm faces posteriorly?
pronator teres
The genioglossus muscle could be considered a socially unacceptable muscle, since its action is to _____ the tongue.
protract (depress and thrust anteriorly)
The muscle indicated by line A is the
psoas major
Branches of the _____ nerve are involved in the innervation of all perineal muscles.
pudendal
