anatomy test (The Lungs)

outline the pathway of a breath of air from the nose to the alveoli.

1) air enters the nostril 2) passes through the nasapharynx 3) the oral pharynx 4) through the glottis 5) into the trachea 6) into the right and left bronchi 7) bronchioles 8) alveoli

which of the following are structural features of the trachea?

C- shaped cartilage

____________________ is a statement of the principle that a specific gas type in a mixture exerts its own pressure, as if that specific gas type was not part of a mixture of gases.

Dalton's

__________________ is a statement of the principle that the concentration of gas in a liquid is directly proportional to the solubility and partial pressure of that gas.

Henry's

pneumonia

a disease in which some of the alveoli of the lungs fill with fluid.

Asthma

a disease in which the air passages of the lungs periodically become too narrow.

pharynx

a long tube that is shared with the digestive system.

emphysema

a lung disease in which walls of the alveoli break down

asthma occurs when the

air passages of the lungs periodically become too narrow, often with excessive mucus production.

Emphysema

all the above

which of the following factors play a role in the oxygen-hemoglobin saturation/dissociation curve?

all the above

tiny air sacs in the lungs are known as ________________

alveoli

which of the following anatomical structures is not part of the conducting zone?

alveoli

________________ is a chronic disease characterized by inflammation and edema of the airway, and bronchospasms, which can inhibit air from entering the lungs.

asthma

identify 3 diseases of the respiratory system and state what triggers or causes each disease.

asthma= allergies chronic bronchitis= caused by smoking lung cancer= caused by smoking

A section of the lung that receives its own tertiary bronchus is called the ________.

bronchopulmonary segment

which of the following occurs during the chloride shift?

chloride is exchanged for bicarbonate

inhaling is an active movement that results from the contraction of a muscle called the ___________________

diaphram

oxygen _______________ from the peripheral capillaries into body cells

diffuses

which of the following stimulates the production of erythrocytes?

erythropoietin

what is the main function of the lungs?

exchange oxygen and CO2

which of the following structures separates the lung into lobes?

fissure

a low partial pressure of oxygen promotes hemoglobin binding to carbon dioxide. this is an example of _________________________

haldane effect

the _______________ pumps oxygen rich blood into arteries.

heart

oxyhemoglobin forms by a chemical reaction between which of the following?

hemoglobin and oxygen

how does altitude affect hemoglobin saturation?

hemoglobin saturation is lower at high altitudes

Gas moves from an area of ________ partial pressure to an area of ________ partial pressure.

high; low

Increased ventilation that results in an increase in blood pH is called ________.

hyperventilation

gas exchange occurs

in the alveoli of the lungs, between the peripheral capillaries and body cells.

a decrease in volume leads to an ______________________ in pressure

increase

what is the function of the conchae in the nasal cavity?

increase surface area

what is the major mechanism that results in acclimatization?

increased production of red blood cells

occurs when the diaphragm contracts

inhaling

gas exchange that occurs at the level of the tissues is called _____________

internal respiration

the partial pressure of carbon dioxide is 45 mm hg in the blood and 40 mm hg in the alveoli. What happens to the carbon dioxide?

it diffuses into the alveoli

the _______________ is also know as the voice box

larynx

asthma is a disease in which the air passages of the ______________ become narrow, often with excessive mucus production.

lungs

describe what it meant by the term "lung compliance"

measure of lungs ability to stretch and expand

the fauces connects which of the following structures to the oropharynx?

oral cavity

gas exchange is needed to provide cells with the ________________ they need for cellular respiration.

oxygen

_________________ is a disease in which some of the alveoli of the lungs fill with fluid so gas exchange can't occur.

pneumonia

describe how pulmonary gas exchange occurs.

process of removing CO2 from blood and replenishing oxygen supply. Occurs between alveoli and the blood and lungs

which of the following processes does atmospheric pressure play a role in?

pulmonary ventilation

an erythrocyte is also called a _______________________

red blood cell

which of the following prevents the alveoli from collapsing?

residual volume

Gas flow decreases as ________ increases.

resistance

the _____________ circulation picks up oxygen for cellular use and drops off carbon dioxide for removal from the body.

respiratory

how many lobes do the lungs contain in each?

right = 3 left = 2

Exercise can trigger symptoms of AMS due to which of the following?

small venous reserve of oxygen

emphysema is usually caused by ___________________ and is irreversible.

smoking

which of the following structures is not part of the bronchial tree?

terminal bronchioles

respiratory system

the body system that brings air containing oxygen into the body and releases carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.

When ventilation is not sufficient, which of the following occurs?

the capillary constricts

Respiration

the exchange of gases between the body and the outside air.

ventilation involves which organs?

the lungs, larynx, pharynx, and trachea

cellular respiration

the metabolic process by which cells obtain enery

Lungs

the organs in which gas exchange takes place between blood and air

Ventilation

the process of moving air in and out of the lungs

contraction of the external intercostal muscles causes which of the following to occur?

the ribs and sternum move upward

alveoli

tiny air sacs in the lungs

what is the role of alveolar macrophages?

to remove pathogens and debris

the ______________ is also known as the windpipe.

trachea

the pressure difference between the intra-alveolar and intrapleural pressures is called?

transpulmonary pressure

respiration begins with _______________

ventilation

the four steps of respiration are?

ventilation, pulmonary gas exchange, gas transport, peripheral gas exchange.

the pleura that surrounds the lungs consists of two layers, the ____________

visceral and parietal pleurae

Larynx

voice box

Trachea

windpipe

the functions of the respiratory system include which of the following? 1) bringing air containing oxygen into the body, 2) releasing carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, 3) exchanging oxygen with carbon dioxide in blood cells, 4) transporting oxygen to cells throughout the body.

1, 2, and 3

_____________________ gas exchange is the exchange of gases between inhaled air and the blood.

pulmonary

respiration begins with

ventilation, the process of moving air in and out of the lungs.