Ancient Civilizations TCI Units 3-6 Terms Template - Unit 3 Ancient India

Nalanda

Nalanda was a Mahavihara, a large Buddhist monastery, in the ancient kingdom of Magadha in India.

Ajanta cave murals

The Ajanta Caves are 29 (approximately) rock-cut Buddhist cave monuments which date from the 2nd century BCE to about 480 CE in Aurangabad district of Maharashtra state of India. The Ajanta Caves constitute ancient monasteries and worship-halls of different Buddhist traditions carved into a 250-feet wall of rock.

Arabian Sea

The Arabian Sea, also known as Sea of Oman, is a region of the northern Indian Ocean bounded on the north by Pakistan and Iran, on the west by the Gulf of Aden, Guardafui Channel and the Arabian Peninsula, and on the east by India.

Bay of Bengal

The Bay of Bengal is the northeastern part of the Indian Ocean, bounded on the west and north by India and Bangladesh, and on the east by Myanmar and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands

Bhagavad Gita

The Bhagavad Gita, often referred to as the Gita, is a 700 verse Hindu scripture in Sanskrit that is part of the Hindu epic Mahabharata.

Indus River Valley

The Indus River valley contains some of the best farmland in the world. Like the Ganges River, the Indus River carries silt from the mountains to the plains. The silt leaves the surrounding soil rich and fertile.

Mauryan Empire

The Maurya Empire was a geographically extensive Iron Age historical power founded by Chandragupta Maurya which dominated ancient India between 322 BCE and 187 BCE

Ganges River

The river carries silt from the Himalayas to the northern plains. As the river passes through the plains, it leaves the rich sediment behind. As a result, the northern plains contain some of the most fertile farmland in the world.

Subcontinent

a large, distinguishable part of a continent, such as North America or southern Africa

Provinces

a principal administrative division of certain countries or empires.

Alliances

a union or association formed for mutual benefit, especially between countries or organizations.

Mathematician Aryabhata

Aryabhata or Aryabhata I was the first of the major mathematician-astronomers from the classical age of Indian mathematics and Indian astronomy. His works include the Āryabhaṭīya and the Arya-siddhanta.

Ashoka's Edicts

Ashoka wanted a strong, united empire guided by Buddhist values. To spread those values to his people, he had edicts carved into walls, rocks, and tall pillars throughout the empire, in places where the greatest number of people could see them.

Central Government

Central Government Defined. The central government is the political authority that governs an entire nation. The United States is a federal system of government in which power is shared between the central (sometimes referred to as national or federal) government and state governments.

Gupta Empire

After the Mauryan Empire fell in about 187 B.C.E., India broke apart into separate kingdoms. For about 500 years, these smaller kingdoms fought each other for land and power. Beginning around 320 C.E., a second great empire arose in India: the Gupta Empire.

Brahmaputra River

Our exploration of India begins with the Brahmaputra River. This river runs through the steep Himalayas, the mountains along the northern border of India. From there, the Brahmaputra winds through snowcapped mountains and narrow canyons. The water is clear and cold as it rushes over the sharp rocks.

The Guptas

The Guptas were a line of rulers who controlled much of India from 320 to 550 C.E. Many historians have called this period a golden age, which is a time of great prosperity

Himalayan Mountain Range

The Himalaya Mountains are located along India's northern border. This mountain range is the highest in the world. Mount Everest, the world's tallest mountain, is part of the Himalayas. It reaches more than five and a half miles into the sky. The Himalayas form a natural border between the Indian subcontinent and most of the rest of Asia.

Hindu Kush

The Hindu Kush mountains form a rugged barrier between the Indus (IN-duhs) River valley and Afghanistan. This mountain range is not as tall as the Himalayas, but it is still one of the highest in the world. Some of its peaks are almost five miles high. Many parts of the mountain range are unlivable. Snow and ice permanently cover the steep slopes and peaks.

Indian Ocean

The Indian Ocean is the third largest of the world's oceanic divisions, covering 70,560,000 km². It is bounded by Asia on the north, on the west by Africa, on the east by Australia, and on the south .

The Mahabharata ("Great Work")

The Mahabharata, an ancient and vast Sanskrit poem, is a remarkable collection of epics, legends, romances, theology, and ethical and metaphysical doctrine. The core of this great work is the epic struggle between five heroic brothers, the Pandavas, and their one hundred contentious cousins for rule of the land.

Puranas

The Puranas, are ancient Hindu texts eulogizing various deities, primarily the divine Trimurti God in Hinduism through divine stories.

Empire's roads

The Roman Empire's roads in transit map form. ... Viae publicae: Public highways or main roads, typically maintained by the military. These were the main, paved arteries of the empire and often included infrastructure such as drainage, milestones, and way stations.

Chandragupta I.

The empire began under a ruler named Chandragupta I. He and his family, the Guptas, united the northern kingdoms by conquering them through war. The Guptas also formed some alliances by arranging marriages between members of their family and the sons and daughters of other rulers.

Mehrauli Pillar

The iron pillar of Delhi is a 7 m (23 ft) kirti stambha column of fame or victory column, originally erected and dedicated as dhvaja banner to Hindu deity lord Vishnu in 3rd to 4th century CE by king Chandragupta 1, currently standing in the Qutb complex at Mehrauli in Delhi, India

King Ashoka

The lethal war with Kalinga transformed the vengeful Emperor Ashoka to a stable and peaceful emperor and he became a patron of Buddhism. ... Nevertheless, his patronage led to the expansion of Buddhism in the Mauryan empire and other kingdoms during his rule, and worldwide from about 250 BCE.

Chandragupta Maurya

Chandragupta, also called Chandragupta Maurya or Maurya, died c. 297 bce, Shravanbelagola, India, founder of the Mauryan dynasty reigned c. 321-c. 297 bce and the first emperor to unify most of India under one administration.

The Mauryas

The literary sources include Kautilya's Arthasastra, Visakha Datta's Mudra Rakshasa , Megasthenese's Indica, Buddhist literature and Puranas. The archaeological sources include Ashokan Edicts and inscriptions and material remains such as silver and copper punch-marked coins.

Ashoka's Buddhist Values

They asked people to be loving and respectful, and to practice nonviolence. They said people should not get attached to worldly things, such as money. They also told people to act morally (do right rather than wrong).

Golden Age

a golden age is a time of wealth peace and prosperityin and empire.