ancient Greece section 4-4

Peloponnesian War

A war, lasting from 431 to 404 B.C., in which Athens and its allies were defeated by Sparta and its allies

What deal did Spartans make with the Persian Empire?

In exchange for enough money to build a navy the Spartins gave the Persians some Greek territory in Asia Minor

How long did this standoff last?

25 years

How did the war end and who lost?

Athenians lost. Desperate to win, the Spartans made a deal with the Persian Empire.

Sparta's army vs Athen's navy

Spartan armies went to Athens hoping Athenians would send an army outside the city walls to fight but they did not. Athenians closed the city walls and had the navy deliver supplies to their city. Sparta did not have a navy and could not attack.

How did the Peloponnesian War effect Greece?

This war weakened all of the Major Greek city-states both the winners and losers. many people died and farms were destroyed thousands of people were left without jobs. the war made it impossible for the Greeks to unite and work together again.

Delian League

an alliance headed by Athens that says that all Greek city-states will come together and help fight the Persians, an alliance of city-states with Athens as leader

representative democracy

citizens chooose a smaller group to make laws and governmental decisions on their behalf.

Athenian women

could not attend school but many learned to read and play music. even educated women were not considered equals to men

In 405 B.C. Sparta's new navy

destroyed the Athenian fleet. the next year after losing more battles on land, Athens surrendered.

Ancient Athens democracy was

direct democracy. it worked because Athens had a relatively small number of citizens. about 43,000 male citizens made up the assemble. usually fewer than 6,000 citizens attended the meetings.

Pericles

important leader and warrior in Athens during the Golden Age who strengthened democracy, made it possible for poor people to be in the government of Athens, and said there should be equal justice for all people.

Athenian women

life revolved around home and family. girls married at 14 or 15 and were expected to have children and take care of the household duties

women in Ancient Greece rights were

limited they had no political rights and could not own property. fathers took charge of unmarried daughters, husbands looked after their wives, sons or other male relatives looked after widows

direct democracy vs representative democracy

mass meeting of many (in US everyone means millions) vs smaller group to make laws and governmental decisions

poor athenian women

might also work with their husbands in the fields or sell goods in the agora.

direct democracy

people gather at mass meetings to decide on government matters. every citizen can vote firsthand on laws and policies

Peloponnesian war happened because

sparta and athens went to war for control of greece

upper class women in Athens

stayed home, supervised the household servants and worked wool into cloth. they rarely went out except to funerals or festivals. even then they would only leave the house if a male relative went with them

Athenian Empire formed because they

took over the Delian League which was no longer a partnership to fight Persia and became the Athenian Empire

Athenian men

usually worked in the morning,then exercised or attended meetings of the assembly. upper class men enjoyed all male gatherings where they drank, dined and discussed politics or philosophy

Aspasia

women who moved freely in public life. not a native Athenian which gave her special status. well eduacted and taught public speaking. her writings did not survive but Plato said her work helped shape his ideas. Plato was famous for his ideas

Did Athen's escape the Spartan army?

yes. for two years. then a deadly disease spread through the overcrowded city killing 1/3 of the people, including Pericles.