Ancient Greek Civilization Exam 3

Socrates believes he has two sets of accusers: the current ones, and those in the past. Those in the past would include:

1) Aristophanes 2) The trial of the generals after Arginusae 3) Friendships with Alcibiades, Charmides, and Critias. His friends.

He (Socrates) is not a teacher because:

1) Does not possess any specific knowledge 2) He does not take or recieve payment 3) He does not converse selectively

The charges against Socrates were:

1) Guilty of corrupting the minds of the young 2) Believing in supernatural things of his own invention instead of the gods recognized by the state.

What does Socrates tell us about his life in the speech?

1) He has a wife 2) He has shunned politics, except for 1 moment in time 3) He fought in the Peloponnesian war as a hoplite

Plato's Apology is unique among Plato's works for the following reasons:

1) Only time Plato himself is present 2) Probably the only real event Plato dramatized

What were the effects of the Peloponnesian War at Athens?

1) Tear down the walls 2) Remove navy 3) Swear loyalty to Sparta

Almost all of Plato's dialogues are set in late _____ century BC Athens and features __________ as a character.

5th; Socrates

Who enters late and drunk?

Alcibiades

Socrates' speech is what was taught him by _________

Diotima, Socrates' teacher.

The goal of each city's foreign policy in fourth-century Greece was to be _____ and ______.

Free ; Autonomous

What was the problem with the goal of being free and autonomous in practical terms?

Freedom and autonomy >> Weakness and stability

Summarize Socrates' defense on the first charge, impiety or not believing in the gods the state acknowledges.

He has no knowledge of natural philosophy

Pausanias view of love:

He says " there are two types of love: common aphrediety (heterosexual love,) and heaven aphrediety (love between minds, interaction love.)"

Agathon view of love:

Highly rhetorical. It's just a praise of love. Eros must be the youngest god, because only the young can feel true love. Love is the most wonderful thing.

What is the narrative structure of the Symposium?

It's a Socratic method structure but it isn't just Socrates. It's Socrates talking to a group and the group talking amongst themselves.

What does he do?

Late, drunk, wearing a crown of leaves from another party. Crashes on the couch where everyone else was. And HE gets the last word, not Socrates.

A nomos is...

Law

Eryximachus view of love:

Love is medicine. Love heals everything. Love is self interesting. Always want something back from the person you love, it's transactional.

What was the standard of proof in ancient Athenian trials?

Most of the evidence was witness evidence. It was hard to get evidence back then. Athenian jurors judged off of whos story was better/whos made more sense. Who explains the facts better. Focus was on the speech; that's why the art of rhetoric was so important

Are the speeches we have today from the Athenian orators the speeches as they were originally delivered in court? If not, what happened to the speech after it was delivered in court?

No, the speeches were officially written upon transcript after it was delivered. No written speeches are exactly like they were delivered, they are slightly different but similar.

Phaedrus view of love:

Opens the whole symposium with "that love is the oldest god." And the god from whom all other gods spring

What does Isocrates believe to be the purpose of education?

Purpose of education to encourage people to investigate issues so they can act for the common good, not just to impart truths.

Elenchus means __________ and it has positive/negative/both connotations.

REPUTATION

How does warfare change in Greece after the Peloponnesian War?

Rise of mercenaries, peltasts, and specialized troops

Jurors voted how?

Simple majority. Between 200-6000 jurors on every case. Prosecution and defense both got timed speeches, then the jury voted. Kept the jury very high to stop bribery: would cost too much money. They showed their disk and covered the hole. Hallow = not guilty, solid = guilty. They are given one of each disk and hold the one they choose. We have found jurors ballots. They are circles with holes.

Eros is also the twin of

Socrates

What is the "Socratic method"?

Socrates meets someone. Someone prominent. He'll ask someone a question related to what they did, and continue to ask clarifying questions until they don't make sense of their own opinions.

Describe Alcibiades' speech.

Takes crown of leaves off his head and puts it on Socrates. Says that Socrates look like a satyr. Satyr's are obssessed with sex. He begins to become attracted to Socrates. Alcibiades then tries to seduce Socrates. Socrates ignores him, resists, and both men are still pure in virtue by the next morning.

What does Aristotle see as rhetoric?

The ability to apply appropriate arguments to the situation in which they will be the most convincing.

What is rhetoric?

The art of persuasion. Means "spoken word" in Greek. Art of persuading someone using words and argument.

Describe the Greek aristocratic practice of paederastia.

The english word meaning "child love" what this was to the greeks was not the thing today. Today is pedophilia. Back then it was the relationship between an older grown man, and a younger boy in pre-adolescence. It was seen as a mentorship, it was supposed to be completely pure.

Lysias and Isocrates were logographers. A logographer was:

They didn't have lawyers like we have them today. What a logographer was, was a person who wrote speeches that would be delivered in courts. They simply knew the case, knew facts, and wrote a speech that best won over the jury.

The Athenians recodified their laws towards the end of the Peloponnesian War. Why?

They recodify the ones that are out of date, contradicted each other, etc. They did this in response to the periods of oligarchic rule after the peloponnesian war. They needed to stabilize the law code and re-strengthen democracy.

True/false: Given Alcibiades' later career, it is possible the Symposium illustrates Socrates' failure as a teacher.

True

True/false: Isocrates' ideas about education can still be found in the liberal arts setting today.

True

True/false: Plato often employed or created myths in his works to illustrate philosophical principles.

True

True/false: Rape was not considered a worse crime than adultery in ancient Greece.

True

True/false: The Greek world was economically strengthened in the aftermath of the Peloponnesian War.

True

What is the dramatic setting and the occasion of the dialogue?

We think 423 BC in the house of a man named Agathon. Fairly young man but old enough to write and produce a play. This play has won the first prize and the dinner party is meant to celebrate that. Invites his friends; it was a drinking party.

Aristophanes view of love:

What happened at the beginning of time is that men looked different than than they do now. They used to be spheroids. Spheroids = people, only they're facing each other, but their heads are turned around. Instead of 2 pairs of legs, they are mended together and you go places by rolling. We look as we do today, because they rolled up Olympus, Zeus got mad, threw a lightning bolt, split the legs, took away the extra skin, made belly buttons, and not never powerful enough to fight the gods. Two men = sun, man and woman = earth, two women = moon. This is where we get the term "other half." Meant to be a comedic idea.

An eromenos was _______

boyfriend

Psephismata are a...

decree

At the symposium Agathon and his guests discuss ______

love

an erastes was _______

lover

In Socrates' speech, Eros is the child of _____ and ______

poverty; resource