Ancient Roman Art Midterm

Mausoleum of Augustus 31 BC-14 AD Earth, concrete, brick, stone Campus Martius, Rome

- burrial space for him and his family 1) message- I am the founder of the dynasty 2) looks like burial space, tumulus, of Etruscans

Flavian Palace Plan 69-96 AD Brick and concrete Palatine Hill, Rome

- explored the relationship between convex and concave- different shapes of room --Roman concrete

Doorway of Eumachia Building 31 BC-14 AD Marble Forum, Pompeii

- his son was running for office in pompey, done for him

Ara Pacis Augustae/ The Altar of Peace 31 BC-14 AD Marble Rome

-Pax romano- peace for roman -dedicated to Augustus by the senate 1) on a raised platform -lilke the etruscan temples 2) vegatation represent the fetility that augustus brougth

Flavian Palace Plan Restored View 69-96 AD Brick and concrete Palatine Hill, Rome

-Rebirus is the architect 1) Domus Flavia- meant for public purpose 2) Domus Augustane- Private living 3) carefully crafted, keeping in mind the emperor-niches for him everywhere

Grotto Dining Room, villa of Tiberius 14-68 AD Natural rock, concrete, brick Sperlonga, Italy

-Tiberius was known for his luxury villas set the stage for later imperial architecture 1) the story that is used is a nod to his adopted father, Augustus, who defeated Pompey who used these motifs.

Forum of Augustus View 31 BC-14 AD Stone, concrete, marble Rome

-built next to ceaser's forum 1) now, only augustus and his close circle can only commision architecture in the forum 2) imperial forums are for entertainment rather than business and politics 3) to legitimize his rule- he dedicated a temple for Mars( he was in love with Venus)

Ara Pacis Augustae/ The Altar of Peace Aeneas Sacrificing 31 BC-14 AD Marble Rome

-founder of rome- legitimacy

Cladius defeating Brittania 14-68 AD Marble Aphrodisias, Asia Minor

-in sebasteion

Wall Painting of Achilles and Troilus 1000-200 BC Fresco Tomb of the Bulls, Tarquinia

-oldest, largest archaic tomb 1) the use of pilaster made it easier for it to survive 2) representation of nature- Etruscan 3) erotic scenes are shown to keep the evil away

House of the Faun 2nd BC Stone, wood, concrete Pompeii

-owned by a very wealhy family 1) entry hall had commercial spots 2) atriums were opened to public, where the noblemen greeted the people and listen to their problems to help 3) there is a study behind the atrium

Portrait of Nero 14-68 AD Marble Palatine Hill, Rome

-reigned for 14 years reign of terror, killed his own mom 1) crab-claw hand- longer and puffy/ Greek- he loved greek things 2)beards+side burns- not Roman

Forum of Trajan 98-117 AD Marble, brick, concrete Rome

1) Apoldonis of Damascus is the architect 2)it is the biggest one among other forums* Julio, augustus, pacis, transitorium' 3) semicircles from Augustus 4) added basilica like forum Romano 5) builds libraries and put the column of trajan there 6) propaganda against Dacian

Sanctuary of Isis 62 AD Brick, stucco Pompeii

1) Isis is a godded from Egypt- Romans adopted egyptmania 2) got renovted immediatyely after the earthquake 3) raised on a platfrom 4) as a part of the complex there was space for water rituals- water of the nile

Amphitheater 80-70 BC Concrete, stone, brick Pompeii

1) Valgus and Porcius are the patrons their names are given 2) after the war with Sulla, many general who did good were given colony lands --when sulla took over pompeii, he put his generals there 2) built for the entertainment of military people who were moving pompeii 3) on the edge of the city so so many people are not in the city center all together 4) games of the Pompeii and Colosseum did not overlap 5) one time emperor closed all the games because people got crazy

Ara Pacis Augustae/ The Altar of Peace Imperial Procession 31 BC-14 AD Marble Rome

1) actual people from Augustus' life 2) portraiture

Servian Walls 509-31 BC Tufa Rome

1) after the attack of the Franks, they built this wall for safety 2) made from a stone from Etruscan city- shows that they conquered that area 3) it has signs of Greek masons

Column of Trajan (Base of the Column) 98-117 AD Marble Rome

1) base is vover in Dacian armor

Column of Trajan (Relief) 98-117 AD Marble Rome

1) base is vover in Dacian armor 2) has so muych relief on it

Sanctuary of Fortuna 509-31 BC Tufa, concrete, limestone Praeneste

1) buildings were built for the goddess of Fortuna after military success 2) Hellenistic style- symmetrical building with a shrine on the main axis 3) sense of anticipation with the plan of the building- Roman

Arch of Titus 69-96 AD Marble Via Sacra, Rome

1) built in his honor for stopping Jewish revolt

Prima Porta Augustus Detail- Breastplate 31 BC-14 AD Marble Prima Porta

1) center of his chest- shows Joe Marcus with a Parthians, Romans tried really hard to conquer Parthians. It was the biggest defeat Augustus made a deal with Parthians for the return of the standard

Basilica 130-120 BC Marble Pompeii

1) christians looked at the secular form this basilica to create a space for communual mass- nave, porch, apse 2) it was a multi story building 3) shows ionic, corinthian columns 4) commercial center of the city 5) on the street that leads to the harbor- trading purposes

Temple of Portunus 509-31 BC Stone, Tufa and Travertine Rome

1) combination of Etruscan and Greek- almost peripheral columns 2) next to Tiber River- dedicated to the god of Harbor 3) made of local stone

Portrait of Trajan 98-117 AD Marble Ostia

1) crab claw hair refers to Augustus which connects him to Pax Romana and Pax Deorum, 2) heroic nudity to show him as militiary and semi-diviness 3)

Prima Porta Augustus 31 BC-14 AD Marble Prima Porta

1) cupid who's riding a dolphin- shows that he descended from Venus 2) he's shown barefoot-like deities, but wearing military clothes- SEMI DIVINe 3) shows Pax deorum

Portrait of Vespasian 69-96 AD Marble Provenance unknown

1) drawing connections to veristic portraiture because he wants no connection to Nero he had two sons Titus and Domitian people's emperor

Painting from Tomb of Hunting and Fishing 1000-200 BC Fresco Tarquinia

1) etruscan interest in nature 2) women and men are shown together- greek didn't show men and women together 3) late archaic wall painting

Fibula 1000-200 BC Gold Cerveteri

1) etruscans were very good at gold working 2) repossee- pinching for high relief-method that came from medeterian-shows connections 3) animal figures close to Ishtar gate

Couple Sarcophagus 1000-200 BC Terracotta Cerveteri

1) face is personalized- portraiture 2) almond shaped eye, archaic hairstyle- GREEK 3) interest in patterns

House of the Vettii AD 75 Brick, concrete, marble Pompeii

1) for freed slaves 2) doesnt have an greeting place for people because they are not wealthy people

House Urn 1000-200 BC Terracotta Rome

1) found in Forum Roman, shows that they cremated the dead 2) very different than etruscans, Romans didn't had elaborate burial ceremony 3) gives information on how their houses looked

Forum Romanum 509-31 BC Stone Rome

1) generals who got money through booty would make additions to the forum 2) after the change to oligarchy, forum was dedicated military success

Brutus 509-31 BC Bronze Unknown

1) hyperrealism achieved through patterning 2) brutus was the last etruscan king who raped the a Roman matron and then the senate was formed to rebel against the monarchy and form the oligarchy. 3) not idealized like Greek busts

First style Wall Painting 509-31 BC Fresco Pompeii

1) imitating hellenistic style 2) use of pilaster made it possible for it survive 3) wanted to make it look more expensive by adding color

Archaistic Relief of Apollo, Diana, Leto 31 BC-14 AD Marble Palatine Hill, Rome

1) in Apollo Palatinus 2) archazing style 3) building is shown in the relief

Chimera 1000-200 BC Bronze Arezzo

1) life representation of naturalistic animal 2) naturalistic elements achieved through 3) found outside the city for a pit- gift to god

Ara Pacis Augustae/ The Altar of Peace Tellus 31 BC-14 AD Marble Rome

1) madonna and child 2) fertility

Second style Wall Painting 509-31 BC Fresco Villa at Oplonits

1) make the walls not appear as walls- GOD 2) scenes painted realistically 3) shows perspective

Column of Trajan 98-117 AD Marble Rome

1) marks the height of the hill cut away 2) spiral relief is visual record of Dacian wars 3) burrial space for trajan 4) greek erected columns to honor someone

Second Style Paintings, Megalopgraphia 40 BC Fresco Pompeii, Villa of the Mysteries

1) megalopgraphia- huge painting 2) life-size figures- monumental 3) could be showing a ritual for marriage

Grotto Dining Room, Villa of Tiberius Sculptural group of Polyphemos 14-68 AD Natural rock, conrete, brick Sperlonga, Italy

1) odysseus and his man who were leaving troy after the victory, blinded polyphemos 2) showed in cave because the story happens in a cave 3) greek man putting the evil out of order

Roman Colony of Cosa 509-31 BC Stone Cosa

1) orthogonal city planning 2) they did not care about how the landscape will work the city 3) after big conquests, they will gift colonies like to this veterans to expand Roman culture

Colosseum 69-96 AD Stone and concrete Rome

1) political because it was built on top of Nero's Golden House 2) gave the space back to the people 3) first permanent amphitheater in Rome 4) in late republic , thy would put lavish games to get votes, similar situations- showing a glimpse into the elite life 5) by crossing two barrel vaults, they created groin vault- created entrance way and support for seating

Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus 1000-200 BC Wood, Terracotta, mud-brick Capitoline Hill, Rome

1) raised on a platform like the Etruscan temples 2) has 3 cellas for the triad of deities- Jupiter, Minerva, Juno 3) Peripheral columns- Greek! Etruscans had non-peripheral

Cemetery at Cerveteri 1000-200 BC Tumulus Live rock and Tufa Cerveteri, Etruria

1) resemblances an actual Etruscan city- gives an idea of how the city looked 2) orthogonal city planning- Romans used it too 3) plan of the tombs shows that they were getting ready for the afterlife

Nero's Golden House/ Domus Aurea Octagonal Room 14-68 AD Concrete, brick, marble, fresco Palatine Hill, Rome

1) revolutionary for making different shaped rooms

Alexander Mosaic 2nd BC Stone House of Faun, Pompeii

1) roman version of famous hellenistic painting 2) battle between Alexander and Persian leader 3) mosaic pieces are called tessarae, the thinner they are the higher the commision

Temple of Vesta, Tivoli 509-31 BC Opus incertum (stone-faced concrete) Tivoli

1) round building- unlike rectangular Etruscan ones 2) Round buildings were used for funerary reasons- opus incertum made it possible for the shape 3) Corinthian capitals shows the highly Greek influence

Grotto Dining Room, Villa of Tiberius Sculptural group of Scylla 14-68 AD Natural rock, concrete, brick Sperlonga, Italy

1) scylla, scary monster, attacks odysseus' ship, he tells his man they will survive knowing they won't 2) positioned in the pool, because the story happens in a water

Markets of Trajan 98-117 AD Brick, concrete, marble Rome

1) shape echoes hemi-cycle from forum of Augustus 2) groin vaults inside 3) relief of trajan giving free food 4) two storied

Cancelleria Reliefs Domitian's Profectio (setting out) 69-96 AD Marble Rome

1) shows domitian goes to battle 2) Venus is there to assist him 3) bearded guy represents the senate 4) naked guy represents the personification of people

Cancelleria Reliefs Vespasian's Adventures (arrival) 69-96 AD Marble Rome

1) shows domitian welcoming him 2) deep carves- Flavian baroque 3) Augustian classicism

Flavian Beauty 69-96 AD Marble Rome

1) there were plenty of portraits of women 2) beehive hairstyle- created with drill work 3) Flavian baroque

Nero's Golden House/ Domus Aurea 14-68 AD Concrete, brick, marble, fresco Palatine Hill, Rome

1) there's a fire, Nero was able to built it 2) about bringing country to city 3) introduction of the dome to Roman architecture

Apollo of Veii 1000-200 BC Terracotta Veii

1) use terracotta because they didn't know about the marble disposals yet 2) made by the only known Etruscan artist, VULCA 3) was placed on the ridge of roof- life size like GREEK

Portrait of a Man 509-31 BC Marble Verona

1) veristic portraiture 2) Romans developed portraiture through Etruscans 3) many of the busts were used as imagines(death masks) , that were put in the houses of nobles

Arch of Titus Menorah Procession 69-96 AD Marble Via Sacra, Rome

1) victory with wings is crowning 2) historical relief- real people, real event

Arch of Titus Titus in Triumphal Procession 69-96 AD Marble Via Sacra, Rome

2) shows the procession leading to the arch