ANPS 20 Lab #10
b
The movement of fluid and solutes from the peritubular capillary to the renal tubule is referred to as _______. a. glomerular filtration b. tubular secretion c. tubular reabsorption d. tubular absorption
d
The nephron is responsible for maintaining _______. a. fluid balance in the body b. acid-base balance in the body c. electrolyte balance in the body d. all of the above
d
At which partial pressure of carbon dioxide did respiratory acidosis occur? a. 30 mm Hg, 40 mm Hg and 60 mm Hg b. 30 mm Hg c. 40 mm Hg d. 60 mm Hg
a
Carbon dioxide levels in the blood and blood pH are _______. a. inversely proportional to each other b. independent of each other c. directly proportional to the amount of oxygen d. directly proportional to each other
e
Compensation of metabolic alkalosis includes which of the following? a. retaining carbon dioxide through the respiratory system b. conserving bicarbonate ion in the renal system c. excreting bicarbonate ion in the renal system d. conserving bicarbonate ion in the renal system and retaining carbon dioxide through the respiratory system e. excreting bicarbonate ion in the renal system and retaining carbon dioxide through the respiratory system
c
Excessive diarrhea results in which of the following? a. loss of acid, metabolic acidosis b. loss of acid, metabolic alkalosis c. loss of bicarbonate, metabolic acidosis d. loss of bicarbonate, metabolic alkalosis
e
How do the kidneys compensate for acid-base imbalances? a. by excreting bicarbonate ion b. by reabsorbing H+ c. by excreting H+ d. by reabsorbing bicarbonate ion e. all of the above
d
Hyperventilation can result in _______. a. too much oxygen in the blood b. respiratory acidosis c. too much carbon dioxide in the blood d. too little carbon dioxide in the blood
a
Hyperventilation is defined as _______. a. an increase in the rate and depth of breathing b. an increase in the rate of breathing and a decrease in the depth of breathing c. an increase in the depth of breathing d. a decrease in the depth of breathing e. an increase in the rate of breathing
b
In uncompensated respiratory acidosis, the _______. a. pH of the blood is high b. carbon dioxide levels of the blood are elevated c. carbon dioxide level of the blood is normal d. carbon dioxide levels of the blood are low
a
Ingestion of too much alcohol results in which of the following? a. gain of acid, metabolic acidosis b. gain of bicarbonate, metabolic alkalosis c. gain of bicarbonate, metabolic acidosis d. gain of acid, metabolic alkalosis
b
Ketoacidosis is usually a result of _______. a. an increase in food intake b. uncontrolled diabetes mellitus c. vomiting
a
Metabolic acidosis results in _______. a. hyperventilation b. hypoventilation and rebreathing c. hypoventilation d. rebreathing
c
Respiratory acidosis can be a result of _______. a. hyperventilation and a panic attack b. hyperventilation c. asthma d. asthma and hyperventilation e. a panic attack
e
Respiratory acidosis can be compensated for by _______. a. hyperventilation b. hypoventilation c. hypoventilation and rebreathing d. rebreathing e. the kidneys
b
Respiratory acidosis is a result of _______. a. an increase in blood pH b. an increase in the H+ in the blood c. a decrease in H+ in the blood and an increase in blood pH d. a decrease in H+ in the blood
b
Respiratory alkalosis is a result of _______. a. too much oxygen in the blood b. too little carbon dioxide in the blood c. too much carbon dioxide in the blood d. too little oxygen in the blood
c
Respiratory alkalosis is characterized by a blood pH _______. a. less than 7.45 b. less than 7.35 c. greater than 7.45 d. less than 7.00
b
The formation of carbonic acid from water and carbon dioxide is catalyzed by _______. a. renin b. carbonic anhydrase c. bicarbonic anhydrase d. carbonic hydrolase
a
The kidneys compensate for respiratory alkalosis by _______. a. conserving H+ and excreting bicarbonate ion b. excreting H+ and bicarbonate ion c. conserving H+ and bicarbonate ion d. conserving bicarbonate ion and excreting H+
d
Too much carbon dioxide in the blood can be the result of _______. a. anxiety b. hyperventilation c. fever d. emphysema
a
What is the normal range for the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the blood? a. 35 - 45 mm Hg b. 7.35 - 7.45 mm Hg c. 15 - 25 mmHg d. 55 - 65 mm Hg
a
When the partial pressure of carbon dioxide was decreased, what changes occurred in the urine? a. H+ in the urine decreased and bicarbonate ion increased in the urine. b. H+ and bicarbonate ion both decreased in the urine. c. H+ and bicarbonate ion both increased in the urine. d. H+ in the urine increased and bicarbonate ion decreased in the urine.
a
Which metabolic rate resulted in metabolic acidosis? a. 80 kcal/hr b. 50 kcal/hr c. 40 kcal/hr d. 60 kcal/hr
b
Which of the following does NOT result in metabolic alkalosis? a. decrease in food intake b. hyperventilation c. constipation d. lowered body temperature
d
Which of the following has the greatest capacity for pH change in the body? a. respiratory system b. digestive system c. endocrine system d. renal system
a
Which of the following have the same effect on plasma pH? a. reabsorption of bicarbonate and excretion of H+ b. all of the above c. excretion of bicarbonate and excretion of H+ d. reabsorption of bicarbonate and reabsorption of H+
a
Which of the following is NOT one of the body's physiological chemical buffering systems? a. hydrochloride b. hydrochloride, bicarbonate and phosphate are all buffering systems c. phosphate d. bicarbonate
c
Which of the following occurred during rebreathing? a. pH increased b. hyperventilation, carbon dioxide increased and pH increased c. carbon dioxide increased d. hyperventilation
d
Which of the following occurred when the metabolic rate was set to 20 kcal/hr? a. hypoventilation b. metabolic acidosis and hypoventilation c. metabolic acidosis d. metabolic alkalosis and hypoventilation e. metabolic alkalosis
a
Why does rebreathing simulate hypoventilation? a. Carbon dioxide accumulates in the blood with either. b. Respiratory alkalosis results from either and oxygen accumulates in the blood with either c. Oxygen accumulates in the blood with either. d. Respiratory alkalosis results from either.
a
Why was the breath held after the second hyperventilation? a. to retain carbon dioxide b. to retain oxygen c. to absorb H+ d. to absorb water