AnS 101 Exam #1

This question requires a calculation and a numerical response. Pasture represents a very large part of what feeds are offered to ruminant livestock, and horses too. How much an animal needs to eat each day exactly depends on many factors such as stage of production, quality of the forage, weather conditions and so on. Research tells us, for example, that cows typically need about 3% of their body weight in dry matter feed (roughage in this case) each day. Let's say Chuck Grasslee has 10 acres in a paddock of his pasture. The grass in this pasture is of good quality, yielding 300 pounds of dry matter forage per inch of standing forage per acre. When Chuck turns the cows out into this pasture, the grass is 10 inches tall He will only allow the cows to eat 50% of the forage that is available in the pasture before he rotates them to another paddock. The question Chuck has is, "How many cows that weigh 1000 pounds each can I feed for 5 days in this paddock under these conditions?" What is the correct answer, given the information provided? Please only provide a numerical answer, and just provide the value (don't for example write "cows"). Only report a whole number value, do not round up - just drop any decimal values you may have from the calculation.

100

What is the identification number of this pig? Record your answer as two numbers, separated by a dash (hyphen). For example, "18-7" (meaning the 7th pig in the 18th litter). Leave no spaces on either side of the dash.

19-8

This is a question that requires a numerical response to nearest 1 decimal point (aka 1/10 of a pound). A 150 pound ewe requires three percent of her body weight in feed (dry matter basis) each day. How much feed (dry matter basis) does she need today? Just provide the numerical answer (and do not type the units for this question - just the value to the nearest tenth).

4.5

Take a moment and consider Ralph who lives in a suburb of a large metro area. He only buys milk from local dairies. He cannot imagine that dairy cattle living in confinement and being milked three times per day would be happy. The cost of obtaining his milk from local sources and raised is much higher than for milk from larger corporate sources, but he is concerned that large-scale production is not humane. Ralph is not alone; there is a trend of increasing demand for the same kind of milk has been increasing in the US in recent years. Why might this US trend in anthropomorphic societal views of livestock (like for example Ralph's view of dairy cattle and dairy production) be occurring compared to developing countries of the world (best answer)? Groups interested in an anthropomorphic view of preferred animal care practices have invested much resources into promoting these perspectives to fellow US citizens. All of the choices offered here are a correct reflection of Ralph's perspective, and of the concepts we discussed in class. Our fellow US citizens are more affluent, and as such have more time, health and resources to consider our human/animal connection. Over time, our fellow US citizens have much less of a direct connection to and understanding of the ways in which food is produced - especially animal derived foods.

All of the choices

agonistic (innate behavior)

Competition that determines who wins a prize, such as food or mates.

In lab we separated feeds into type categories: additive, concentrate and roughages. What distinguishes roughages from concentrates?

Digestibility primarily from fiber content

Freshness of an egg determines in part its USDA grade. Freshness is determined by 'candling' the egg (shining light through the shell to examine internal contents). An egg which is more fresh would have a smaller air cell in the large/fat end of the egg. Which of the three eggs pictured is most fresh and therefore should receive a superior USDA Grade? Choose the single best response from those listed.

Egg A

. The typical domestic dog of today does not in essence differ in skeletal structure and athletic ability from the protodog discussed in our study. True or False

False

Animal welfare is really the same concept as anthropomorphism as we discussed in class. True or False?

False

As with most animal ag product production, fish production (aquaculture) originated in the US, and the US is the major supplier of food fish products worldwide. True or False

False

The most effective search and rescue dog is a highly trained and disciplined dog that requires precise commands to find the victim. True or False

False

The researcher who interviewed citizens in a community in Mexico demonstrated the human tendency that drives the creation of dog diversity in the world. What is that preferential tendency that he demonstrates with his "street experiment"? Humans prefer unique and different, so tend to select dogs for uniqueness humans prefer to select for black dogs, so this explains why most dogs are black in color Humans don't really select dogs; rather dogs tend to affiliate with humans to whom they can relate best. humans tend to select dogs that look like babies because the are cute

Humans prefer unique and different, so tend to select dogs for uniqueness

Why would a dairy producer place a bright colored plastic leg band on a dairy cow? Pick the best, most logical answer from the following possibilities.

It is easily noticed and read in the milking parlor (cows stand with udders at eye level)

What is the name of the breed of dog, bred and used by the Bedouin for the purpose of hunting rabbits (hint - also the mascot of an Illinois university)? A one-word answer is required, spelled correctly and capitalized too (as all proper breed names should be :-) ).

Saluki

ingestive (innate behavior)

The mannerisms or habits that an animal uses during the intake of food.

Dr. Morris spoke of two sources of aquaculture products used to meet human needs. He specifically used cod as an example. Using this example, which of the following conclusions did Dr. Morris make?

The sources of aquaculture products that are sourced from capture (wild sources) are not sustainable, though we have to this point we harvested them as if they were.

USDA Inspection (for wholesomeness) and USDA Quality and Yield Grading of carcasses are required by federal law. The statement is not correct because neither grading nor inspection are required by federal law. The statement is correct because both inspection and grading are required by federal law. The statement is not entirely correct. Only grading for yield and quality is required, not inspection for wholesomeness. The statement is not correct because only inspection is required, not quality and yield grading.

The statement is not correct because only inspection is required, not quality and yield grading.

From lab, we stated that our relationship with animals forms "the warp and woof of human civilization". Which phrase captures the concept of what is referenced by this statement (choose single best answer)?

The strands of yarn which are weaved together are analogous to the close-knit dependency we have on animal usage, enabling time and health for human civilization to be developed.

In the image presented here, one can see the heart of a dog, and it's associated disease condition. We also used an example like this in our class lecture. Which of the following statements correctly addresses the situation depicted by this image?

This dog's disease is clearly an infectious, endoparasitic disease..

A method of identification that is both permanent and easy to read at a distance for a cattle producer is a brand. True or False

True

Based on how we defined trained behaviors in AnS 101, the three step behavior expected of a search dog is a conditioned behavior. True or False

True

Feed efficiency of fish is much better than traditional farm livestock (beef, sheep, swine). True or False

True

It is clear that the domestic dogs of today show a great deal of variation in their ability to vocalize, and that sounds made from those vocalizations (aka. . . .barking, etc.). Is it true that humans created that variation due to selective breeding? True or False

True

Microchipping will not work well in a dairy operation, just like for other meat animal producers. Eventually the animal is harvested for meat, and it might be hard or impossible to find the microchip before it ends up in someone's dinner! True or False

True

Products of aquaculture has been increasing in demand in the US. True or False

True

True or False There are so many feeds that, if not for being fed to livestock, might go to waste. Feeds like crop aftermath, but also the leftovers from human food production. Oyster shells, citrus pulp, candy with expired shelf life, and even things like bone meal and blood meal make excellent livestock feed. And then in turn, livestock produce food for humans.

True

True or False? A roughage is generally harder to digest, has a lower energy concentration than a feed categorized as a concentrate. Roughages are more likely fed to ruminants than monogastrics.

True

During US colonial times, a wall was built in New York to prevent livestock (mostly pigs, actually) from entering the boroughs (housing areas). What is the name of the street where this wall was built? Respond with a one-word answer (no spaces in your response), and since it is a proper name, be sure to capitalize your response and spell it correctly. Note that a misspelled response will not be counted as correct because these questions are automatically graded.

Wallstreet

Domestic animals were described in class as "an expression of our humanity". Why is this the case? Choose the single best answer.

We have altered them genetically to be an outward expression of our human interests and who we are as humans

Why is our relationship with dairy cattle considered a symbiotic relationship?

We have genetically altered the cow to produce a lot of milk, and in so doing we have (perhaps inadvertantly) selected against their ability to survive fully on their own. Therefore, we provide for their basic needs and they in turn provide to meet ours.

Compare the two persons described here. Which of them is more anthropomorphic in the approach to his/her chicken(s)? a. Jim imagines that he would not like living in a cage if he were a chicken. Jim allows his Leghorn hens (named Henrietta and Gertrude) to roam the yard ad-libitum (freely or as she wishes). He provides a balanced ration that he buys from the local feed store, and provides table scraps on occasion to make the diet more interesting for the hens. He also then eats their eggs. b. Joy raises commercial broilers (poultry raised for meat). She raises them in confinement and provides properly balanced rations and fresh water so as to encourage growth and feed efficiency.

a

Take careful note of how we defined 'domestication' in our class discusions, and how we defined the concept in the official 'AnS 101' way. Which of the following situations best characterizes what we mean by the term "domestication" (choose single best answer)? a. Julie has a Fallow deer farm. She carefully selects and breeds together bucks and does that display the most tractable behavior (tractable means more calm and easily worked with) and for fast growth and carcass quality. She breeds these selected bucks and does together to produce next year's crop of fawns. b. Sally captured an orphan fawn, and has cared for this deer for the past year. The deer is now termed "domesticated" because she has tamed it from a wild-type condition of behavior. c. Joe owns a cattle ranch and wild game preserve. He has a lot of deer and other wild game on the ranch. Joe hunts harvests the deer harvests them for venison.

a

Many bacterial and viral diseases are infectious (transmissible). Which of following statements are correct when considering these infectious agents? Choose all that are correct. a. Bacterial diseases, like Brucellosis, can be vaccinated against, therefore breaking the link the disease transmission chain called "the susceptible animal". b. No answer text provided. c. Viral diseases, like rabies, can be vaccinated against, therefore breaking the link the disease transmission chain called "the susceptible animal". d. Bacterial diseases usually can be treated with antibiotics. No answer text provided. e. Both bacterial and viral diseases can be treated and cured with antibiotics. f. Viral diseases can be treated with antibiotics.

a and c

The following are all considered diseases. But which of the following represent what we defined as contagious disease situations? a. An unsanitary truck travelling from an infected flock enters my farm, and soon after turkeys die suddenly from avian influenza. b. One dog tangles with another and develops cuts and scratches. c. A cow has a difficult time delivering a calf because the birthweight of the calf is too big. d. A horse suffers from the ringworm fungus that spreads rapidly under the moist warm saddle blanket after a hard day's work. e. A horse is cribbing, which means it develops the habit of biting down on fences while it sucks in air, this increasing endorphin release with a corresponding addiction to the sense of high that follows. f. The weekend help accidently feeds some protein pellets meant for the beef cattle to the horses instead. The pellets contain "rumensin" (a growth promoting compound). The horses die from this ingredient.

a and d

halter

a rope or strap with a noose or headstall placed around the head of a horse or other animal, used for leading or tethering it.

Beef cattle producers commonly both tag (ear tag) and tattoo the ears of their cattle. Why is that? Choose all that are correct. a. the tag is considered more temporary than a tattoo, so if the tag is lost (say gets caught in a fence for example and is ripped out), the calf's identity is still maintained with the tattoo. b. if the producer messes up one, the other one might still work ok c. No answer text provided. d. tattoos are considered permanent and so the identity of the calf is not likely to be lost e. ear tags are easily read from a short distance, and so provides information about the calf without having to catch it.

a, d, e

Based on the content of the presentations, how did it come to be that the Asiatic wolf became associated with humans, and thus initiated their domestication? a. Wolves approached humans on the edges of settlements, seeking and finding food from the scraps of humans. b. those with a smaller flight distance were in a favorable position to benefit from the human settlement c. Wolves who existed closer to human settlements ate better, lived better and so were more likely to propogate offspring with smaller flight zones. d. humans favored the wolves presence in their lives (met human needs) and so began to tame, interact and later domesticate the wolf

a,b,c

Consider the interests that the Victorians had in dog breeding. It is not too different than the interest of some who breed dogs today. Also consider that Dr. Willham (from our first lab) wrote that "domestic animals are a painting by humans on the canvas of DNA." How then is it that the the creation of the modern domestic dog might be considered a contribution to (or at least a reflection of) our humanities? a. The domestic dog, developed especiall since the Victorian Era, is an expression of human interests, much like other forms of artwork would be. b. Time and wealth ( of which apparently the Victorians had) afforded them the ability to breed dogs to meet their "fancy". c. Domestication is a dynamic change in genotype of the dog, and the changes seen in dogs since the Victorian era are a reflection of this continual dynamic change. d. Cave paintings show that the many breeds of dogs that exist today were in existence thousands of years ago. The Victorians capitalized on this variation, and were captivated by that. e. Genetic change in dogs is a very slow process. The Victorians simple leaned on the variation in dog breeds created by humans since the time of the Neolithic Revolution.

a,b,c

One very fascinating experiment on foxes in the former Soviet Union supports this theory and also demonstrates surprisingly how fast the characteristics of the domestic dog might have developed. What was the essential nature of this experiment? a. foxes were selected for "tractable" (friendly, less agressive) behavior. b. Foxes with more friendly behaviors were allowed to intermate, and this created a situation of artifical selection for behavior traits in this population. c. physical traits like ear shape, color and others seem to be genetically correlated with the preferred behaviors. d. Aggressive foxes showed more variation for color and ear shape e. Foxes that were more aggressive or had a stronger flight response were selected, and mated together, causing variation in color patterns and ear shape f. Domestic dogs were mated with foxes with different behaviors in order to create foxes with more phenotypic variation

a,b,c

Why do we process feeds? a. to improve storage and shelf life b.to handle the feed more easily c.to enhance digestibility and palatability for the animal d. to improve the marketability (consumer appeal) of the animal feed being sold. e. To make the cost of the feed less expensive to the producer.

a,b,c,d

Immunity is a means of "breaking" the third link in the chain of disease transmission. Which of the choices offered are correctly stated with regards to this approach to halting disease transmission? a. Immunity can be created passively by the introduction of blood serum from an animal that is actively producing antibodies for the disease of concern. b. We vaccinate against ecto and endoparasites to control infectious disease. c. Vaccination creates a form of active immunity (versus passive immunity). This means the animal's body can produce its own antibodies to ward off infection. d. A newborn calf or lamb will gain much of its immunity from diseases from the colostrum it consumes shortly after birth. This creates a form of passive immunity to diseases that its dam has been exposed to. e. Vaccinations only work with viruses and not bacterial infections. f. One form of vaccination is the use of antibiotics.

a,c,d

In class, we speak strongly about the symbiotic relationship critical to the existence of both domestic animals and humans. Our film suggests that humans, in their quest for "different", might have failed in this symbiotic responsibility. According to our presentations, what evidence exists for this failure? a. Dogs such as the Shar Pei that have skin and eye lid diseases because of the look for which we have purposefully selected. b. The incredible athletic ability and hunting talents of the Saluki c. The change in the Bull Dog from an athlete to a wide, short bodied non-athletic dog of today. d. Extreme agressive behaviors and vocalization associated with Terrier lines, bred first for hunting and rodent control, but now confined to small urban settings.

a,c,d

Which of the following are considered examples of non-infectious diseases as per our class definition of disease? a. a deleterious (meaning detrimental or "bad") genetic (inherited) condition. b. ringworm c. stunted growth caused by a nutrient deficiency in the diet of the animal d. bacterial infections e. an injury caused by an excessively difficult birthing process f. a broken leg g. prion-originated diseases like bovine spongiform enchephalopathy h. viruses

a,c,e,f

Grading involves a reflection of the quantity and also the quality of the product. Cutability in carcass grading reflects quantity. It is predicted by measures of fat and muscle on the carcass, and its weight. Palatability predictions are reflected in the USDA grades assigned to carcasses and the retail products produced from them. For this question, indicate valid examples of USDA "grades" assigned to carcasses. Give one for cutability and the other that communicates palatability predictions. a. What is an example of a "cutability" grade that might be assigned to a beef, lamb or pork carcass? b. What is an example of a "palatability" grade that might be assigned to a beef, lamb or pork carcass?

a. yield grade 3 b. marbling

What is the category of feed called that usually is included in small quantity in a ration in order to balance the ration for say minerals and vitamins, or perhaps to improve the ration's palatability? Your answer is one word, and needs to be spelled correctly to count.

additives

Alert Indications and Final Response: K9 Sensus

alert=head up in the air, leaning over boat final response=recall/refind, barking, down

It is common to see leg bands on dairy cows when one visits a milking parlor ( the room where cows are milked). The room, and the leg bands that we reference here, look like what is referenced in this photo. Why are those leg bands used? Choose all that are correct. they flag the cow as having been treated with antibiotics, or otherwise cannot be allowed to contribute milk to the food supply at that time. they are easily seen by the milker in the parlor because they are at eye level No answer text provided. is a temporary means of id, that can be easily removed when the need for identifying the cow for that purpose has ended

all

What is the purpose of creating and using the USDA Grading System for animal derived products? a. To allow for differential pricing of products that vary in characteristics of value to the customer. b. To facilitate communication between buyer and seller of animal derived products. This is especially important when in-person examination of the products prior to sale is not feasible. c. To sort products into uniform groupings that facilitate a particular market or consumer need. d. No answer text provided.

all

in class we spoke of agriculture as the production of biological products to meet human need. What amazing "products" do domestic dogs provide beyond the usual understanding of companionship and transportation? livestock herding cancer detection detection of impending epilectic seizures search and rescue of humans hunting ability healing powers (hairless dogs of Chichimeca)

all

Using the comparisons of different ID methods that we discussed in our material for this module, which of the following choices best describes the method of identification that is shown in these photos? Choose the best response. hard for the manager to read at a distance all of the choices a-c invasive none of these choices are correct permanent

all of the choices a-c

flight response

an automatic rapid escape from a dangerous situation

Today you looked at several example rations that can be fed to different kinds of domestic animals. Which one of these animals would require a less concentrated ration than the others listed (less concentrated meaning lower concentration of energy)? a. market hog b. brood cow (older female beef animal) c. market steer (to be harvested upon reaching ideal weight for d. producing a carcass) e. laying hen f. None of the above. They all need a concentrated energy diet to function.

b

shelter-seeking (innate behavior)

behaviors that an animal exhibits to escape from weather, insects, or danger

Regarding the major categories of comparison we studied in class today, which category is referenced by observations that show an animal is "bolder sprung", "deeper ribbed", and "wider chested" than another?

capacity

The maximum number of fish that a pond can sustain and produce in an aquaculture operation is called that pond's ___________

carrying capacity

match up the term with the species to which they correspond quarter

cattle

match up the term with the species to which they correspond rib

cattle

There are two main feeds presented today that are derived from the waste products from two other industries - namely the ethanol and corn sweetener industries. What are the names of those two products?

corn gluten feed and distillers grain

conditioning (learned behavior)

cue, response, reward; acquire new response by association with old one

Which of the following are considered categories of non-infectious diseases

digestive system disorders, environmental stressors causing injury to tissue, and genetic (inherited) abnormality

The video we studied in class defined animal agriculture as the "conscious production of food derived from animals". By our discussion in class, how accurate is this definition? Choose the single best answer.

doesn't consider that animals produce more than just food to meet human needs

The litter number of this pig is designated in which ear (ear A or ear B)?

ear B

Based on the stations of work outlined on the worksheet for this module, which of the following seems to be a way in which beef breeds are distinguished ?

ear shape, body color, body shape, and the expression of muscle

What was the better and the poorest id method to use for our sheep producer Mr. Baaaiden today?

ear tag, paint brand

What is the processing method usually called that preserves wet green-cut feeds like corn or alfalfa by excluding oxygen, and allowing anaerobic fermentation to occur?

ensiling

The body part along the top line of the animal that falls between the last rib and the hip bone is almost always called the same name in all of our domestic species. We often use it in the discussion of muscle differences both on live animals and their carcasses too. What is the name of this body part?

loin

What was the major factor that distinguished the flavor, look and odor of the samples of cow's milk in lab?

milk fat %

Regarding the major categories of comparison we studied in class today, which category is referenced by observations that show an animal is "thicker legged", "wider over the rack", and "thicker in the loin" than another?

muscling

Tracking Dog

orientation is on footprints, will ignore fresher airborne rafts that are not on track, starts at a known PLS, may need scent article, follows footsteps

imprinted behavior (learned behavior)

phase/age sensitive learning, ex: chicks follow human

There is a class of diseases caused by abnormal proteins that infect and destroy the central nervous system over time. They are infectious and always lethal. In sheep, we call this disease "scrapie". In cattle, it is called BSE or sometimes "Mad Cow"). In humans, it is called "Creutzfeld-Jakob Disease". What is the causative agent of these diseases? Your response must be one word, not capitalized and spelled correctly to count. The causative agent (aka the abnormal protein referenced above) of these diseases is called a what?

prion

extinction (learned behavior)

reinforcement not continued, not getting a reward anymore

Vital signs are . . .

respiration rate, heart rate, and body temperature

Name the method of identification which is very permanent, not considered invasive, yet provides a unique identification of each animal via an image of blood vessels. (a two word answer is required, spelled correctly. No capitalization needed here). And do not use the word "eye" in your response :-) )

retinal scan

The area that is circled and labeled "A" in this photo is called what? Enter the correct answer in the following space, being sure to spell the word(s) correctly and without capitalization.

ribeye

Scent Detection and Location 3 Step Behavior is...

search, locate, report

What are distractions that cause livestock to balk?

shadows, drain grates and changes of fencing or flooring types

match up the term with the species to which they correspond breast

sheep

match up the term with the species to which they correspond leg

sheep

match up the term with the species to which they correspond rack

sheep

Point of balance in cattle

shoulder

There are 7 "groups" of dogs recognized by the AKC (American Kennel Club). See their website for more details as well. Which of those groups is defined in the following way? "Active. Alert. Remarkable instincts in water and woods, Actively participate in hunting and other field activities. Require regular vigorous exercise." This requires a one-word response, spelled correctly. Does not need to be capitalized.

sporting

The body of the corn plant (the dried brown stalk portion of the corn plant along with the husks from the ears) which left over in the fields after corn is harvested in the fall is sometimes called "crop aftermath". It may be formed into bales after corn harvest. What is this feed called? So this is fill-in-the blank question. The answer is corn __________. You fill in the blank. Hint: Though very commony used, don't use "stalks" - this actually refers to the green plant harvested like hay - not what we are talking about here. Use a one word answer, the one used in our lab and on our worksheet. Must be spelled correctly to count.

stover

Ethology

study of animal behavior

There are three links in the representation of "the chain of infectious disease transmission". What are those links called? Choose from the list provided all which are correct. There are only three, so we are emphasizing the correct use of the terminology as well as the concept. Therefore, note that the terms used to break the links (action words or verbs) are not the same as the names used to denote the links i.e. nouns).

susceptible animal, reservoir, venue of transmission

match up the term with the species to which they correspond belly

swine

match up the term with the species to which they correspond ham

swine

match up the term with the species to which they correspond jowl

swine

habituation (learned behavior)

taught to do something so they dont react a way we dont want them to

flight zone

the distance which an animal is caused to flee from an intruder

Why are microchips not used on meat animals?

the microchips must be retrieved at harvest before they enter our food supply

blind spot

the point at which the optic nerve leaves the eye

Why identify and describe our domestic animals?

to record individual performance data for genetic and performance comparisons, to communicate with others about health evaluations of individual animals or groups of animals and animals preferred in a breeding program

elimination (innate behavior)

urination and defecation

Trailing Dog

uses scent discrimination, follows rafts that have fallen to ground or onto higher vegetation, follows the human scent and not the ground disturbance, winds move the scent away from the path over time, will leave track to follow fresher air-borne scent

mother to offspring (innate behavior)

vertical transmission

how can we work livestock without force?

we need to be determined, approaching the animals and each situation with single-minded resolve

dominance hierarchy (innate behavior)

when members of animal social groups interact, creating a ranking system.

As per discussion in lab, what animal-derived product initially brought England and Spain to the economic power they are today? Respond with a single word answer, and be sure to spell the answer correctly. An incorrect spelling will result in an incorrect response. For this question, do not capitalize the response.

wool

Area Search/Wilderness Dog

worked into wind pattern, picks up airborne scent cone from missing person, may ignore ground scent, handler works dog based on terrain and conditions, dog hits scent cone and works in a zig-zag to find person