ANT 101 Final Exam Attendance Quizzes- completed

What is animism? A belief in spirit entities. Witchcraft. The use of chants, charms etc. to pretend to or to try to influence future events, taking the supernatural into one's own hands. A cult to ancestor spirit entities.

A belief in spirit entities.

What are lineages? A society which is broken up into well-defined strata. A compromise kin group based on a rule of residence and a rule of descent. An ancestor that takes on the form of an animal or plant spirit entity. A consanguineal kin group practicing unilineal descent, which includes persons who can actually trace their relationship to a common ancestor.

A consanguineal kin group practicing unilineal descent, which includes persons who can actually trace their relationship to a common ancestor.

What is the basic definition of a nuclear family? An ethnic group. The religion that people practice in a household. A nuclear family and other related people living in a household. A married man and woman and their offspring.

A married man and woman and their offspring.

Both prestige or status and to feel like one is part of the group.

According to Thorstein Veblen, conspicuous consumption refers to consumption based on a need to gain _____________________. To get enough food to not starve or fall below a minimal level of food insecurity into poverty. Both prestige or status and to feel like one is part of the group. Needed goods. Prestige or status. Feel like one is part of the particular group.

To be the first peoples to occupy a territory.

According to the lecture material, to be indigenous to an area means what? To be recent colonizers to a territory. To be the first peoples to occupy a territory. To be a minority ethnic group occupying a territory. To be the majority ethnic group occupying a territory.

Which of the following is not a marriage pattern? Polygyny. Monogamy. Polyandry. Affine Relationships

Affine Relationships

What are some of the problems that the Nukak Maku have had to confront since the encroachment of colonizers on their traditional territory? Loss of cultural identity and language. All of the answers given. Exposure to infectious diseases. Lack of a concept and access to money. Loss of territory.

All of the answers given.

What is religion's purposes and functions? All of the answers given. Explain the unknown. To try to influence future events. Belief systems that give meaning to life.

All of the answers given.

Define culture. Culture is a term that indicates the totality of ideas, attitudes, customs and ways of doing things that people acquire as members of a society. Culture is basically learned behaviors acquired by living in a particular society. Culture is that complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, arts, moral, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society. All of the options given.

All of the options given.

How do we find out about hunter gatherers and herders? Archaeological research. Biological anthropology research. All of the options given. Cultural anthropology research.

All of the options given.

What are the different strategies that human societies use for getting food in relation to animals? All of the options given. Hunting. Herd following. Ranching. Pastoralism. Transhumance.

All of the options given.

What are the different strategies that human societies use for getting food in relation to plants? All of the options given. Foraging and gathering. Plant husbandry Cultivation/horticulture. Extensive and intensive agriculture.

All of the options given.

Which of the following answers indicates what the term "culture" means? All of the options given. To cultivate. Civilization. Beliefs and behaviors that are learned in a society.

All of the options given.

What is religion? The quest to make as much money as possible. Both choices: the quest for meaning; a supernatural reality; to understand and be in balance and the sacred and the profane.. The quest for meaning; a supernatural reality; to understand and be in balance. The sacred and the profane.

Both choices: the quest for meaning; a supernatural reality; to understand and be in balance and the sacred and the profane..

What is cultural relativism? Cultures cannot be placed one above another. Any interpretation has to be given in the context of a particular culture and history. Cultures are objectively viewed entities. Personal subjective points of views do not affect peoples' views of different cultures.

Cultures cannot be placed one above another. Any interpretation has to be given in the context of a particular culture and history.

yes

Do industrial societies generally have lower fertility rates than non-industrial or industrializing societies? no yes

Gift exchanges.

Generalized exchange mechanisms are noted to be similar to what type of exchange written about by Marcel Mauss? Gift exchanges. Labor to get money for work. Exchange with the goal being a profit. Exchange with the goal being an immediate return of something of equal value.

What type of mobility do they exhibit: highly mobile, semi-sedentary or sedentary? Semi-sedentary Highly mobile Sedentary

Highly mobile

All of the answers given.

How can nation-states be built? Pledges of allegiance to the flag of the nation-state. Attendance to celebrations honoring the founding of the nation-state. Promotion of a common national language and history. All the answers given

What type of society are the Nukak Maku defined as? (Capitalize first letter in first word and add a period at end)

Hunter-Gatherers Bands

What was the hunter gatherer way of life? Hunting and gathering animals and plants that are wild. Intensive agriculture with the use of domesticated plants. Industrial use of machines to produce food. Ranching.

Hunting and gathering animals and plants that are wild.

Negative exchange.

In a capitalist society, people often want to make a profit when they exchange or sale things. According to the Substativsit Approach, what is this type of exchange referred to as? Generalized exchange. Negative exchange. Balanced exchange. Barter.

The goal to make a profit.

In a globalized market economy, what appears to be the main goal for exchanges and trade? The goal to make a profit. The goal to promote basic human rights. The goal to improve the standard of living of all peoples. The goal to promote the cultural diversity and heritage of all peoples.

When looking at religious practices, what seems to be a major difference between industrial and non-industrial societies? In industrial societies, everyone always goes to church or some form of religious worship at least once a week. In industrial societies there is no separation between the church and the state. People in industrial and non-industrial societies all have the same religious beliefs. In industrial societies the supernatural is seen as separate from daily life.

In industrial societies the supernatural is seen as separate from daily life.

yes

In relation to the lecture on Gender, can sexual preferences be malleable where cultural specific values and activities affect sexual behaviors at certain times? yes no

The individual.

In the lecture on a Brief History of the Industrial Revolution, the last two phases appear to have an increase in new technologies focused on ______________________. The individual. Religious belief practices. Benefiting all of humanity. Only elite wealthy people.

Which of the following is not a marriage residence pattern? Patrilocal. Matrilocal. Lineal terminology system. Ambilocal.

Lineal terminology system.

Would you expect to find abundant remains of domesticated plants and animals if you were excavating a site they had inhabited? No Yes

No

For band societies, would you expect to find evidence of temples, altars, or other large scale remains of mortuary practices? Why or why not? No. The relationship to ancestral spirits does not appear to be well developed and used to claim/justify power. Yes. Ancestral spirit entities are well defined and people trace their roots back to them to help define their status and power.

No. The relationship to ancestral spirits does not appear to be well developed and used to claim/justify power.

Do pastoralists live in the same location all year long? Yes; they generally do not move and stay in one place all year long. No; they generally move with their animals to different habitants throughout the course of the year.

No; they generally move with their animals to different habitants throughout the course of the year.

What are the ways that humans contact the supernatural? Praying, fasting, mortification of flesh, preaching, sacrifices, and use of drugs are all used to contact supernatural. Humans are only concerned with making a profit and money. Humans do not believe in supernatural entities. The only way that all humans contact God is through a religious specialist like a priest.

Praying, fasting, mortification of flesh, preaching, sacrifices, and use of drugs are all used to contact supernatural.

Ranching involves herd animals but it is geared toward what? Sale of animal products in a market system. Use of animal products for the extended family and larger kinship group only. Use of animal products for the immediate nuclear family only.

Sale of animal products in a market system.

According to the film, what are the three types of production? As an aside, which of these types of production seems to be hit hardest by the spread of the Covid-19 virus? Christianity, Islam, and Hinduism; the agricultural sectors. Production, distribution, and consumption; the agricultural sectors. Generalized, balanced, and negative; the industry sectors. Service, industry and agriculture; the service sectors.

Service, industry and agriculture; the service sectors.

How are ranked societies defined? Societies in which the leaders inherit their status and position. Societies which are broken up into well-defined strata. Societies comprised of kinship groups that vary in prestige or social esteem. Societies in which all members have equal access to resources.

Societies comprised of kinship groups that vary in prestige or social esteem.

Which of the following type of relative is not an affine (one related through marriage)? Son and daughter of a mother and father. Mother of the husband of a woman (mother-in-law). Mother of the wife of a man (mother-in-law). Grandfather of the wife of a man.

Son and daughter of a mother and father.

According to Max Weber (1992/1968), what are the three dimensions to social stratification? Generalized, balanced, and negative. Age, health, and luck. Preliminal, liminal, and post-liminal. Status (prestige), wealth, and power.

Status (prestige), wealth, and power.

What is ascribed status? Status or position obtained by merit, consent and accomplishments. Status based on age grade. Status that is found in egalitarian societies. Status or position one is born into.

Status or position one is born into

What does kinship mean? The economic exchange system that you practice. The genes you share with people. The state or nation that you live in. The people you are related to and the allocation of rights and responsibilities transferred from one generation to the next.

The people you are related to and the allocation of rights and responsibilities transferred from one generation to the next.

What is magic? Monotheism or a belief in one God. The scientific method. The use of chants, charms etc. to pretend to or to try to influence future events, taking the supernatural into one's own hands. A belief in spirit entities.

The use of chants, charms etc. to pretend to or to try to influence future events, taking the supernatural into one's own hands.

The distribution of wealth is uneven in many cultures (societies). Generally speaking, who has the most wealth in a culture (society)? People who work for money but do not own anything. Those individuals who own the means of production, natural resources or services that are high in demand. Those individuals who do not own anything. The people in the lowest classes or castes of a society.

Those individuals who own the means of production, natural resources or services that are high in demand.

What is technology and what does it do? A religious belief system which does not allow for the use of machines and results in lower levels of production. Tools and mechanical devises that aid in production making it more efficient. Tools and mechanized means of production which do NOT result in higher efficiency. Human and animal labor which allows for high levels of production compared to mechanized means.

Tools and mechanical devises that aid in production making it more efficient.

Economic activities in a particular location are defined by what three things? Religion, language, and nationality. Citizenship, religion, and race. Topography, climate, and natural resources. Race, language, and ethnicity.

Topography, climate, and natural resources.

When a clan's apical ancestor is non-human, it is called a _________________________. Taboo. Enemy. Tatoo. Totem

Totem

Individuals

Trends in religious ideologies and politics seem to indicate that who are becoming more important in different societies? Clans. Different religious groups. Ethnic groups. Individuals

Formalist, substantivist and Marxist approaches.

What are the three approaches listed in lecture for studying economic aspects of societies? Formalist, substantivist and Marxist approaches. Production, distribution, and consumption. Conspicuous consumption, formal and informal economies. Generalized, balanced and negative exchange mechanisms.

Rule-centered and processual.

What are the two categories of conflict resolution as discussed in the lecture on Order and War? Positive and negative sanctions. Rule-centered and processual. Genocide and ethnocide. Feuding and raiding.

All the answers given

What does the term "imagined communities" refer to as indicated in the lecture material? Ethnic groups All the answers given The nation-state. The state.

Chronic hostilities between groups or neighbors or kin.

What is feuding? A punishment or negative sanction. A short term use of force with a limited goal. Chronic hostilities between groups or neighbors or kin. Violent conflicts involving communities, ethnic groups, political units. The final objective is the domination of one society over the other.

All of the options given.

What might affect the status of a woman in a particular society? Whether the subsistence base of the society is horticultural or not. All of the options given. Her ability to work outside of the home. The status of her husband and his extended family line.

The state is an externally recognized political/territorial unit while a nation-state is recognized by the people in it as a justifiable political/territorial unit.

What seems to be the difference between the terms "state" and "nation-state"? The state is a political/territorial unit headed by a president while a nation-state always has a king and queen as its political leaders. Both the state and nation-states as political units are always comprised of people who speak the same language and share the same religious beliefs. The state is an externally recognized political/territorial unit while a nation-state is recognized by the people in it as a justifiable political/territorial unit.

When did we stop being hunter gatherers? With the rise of complex societies requiring large amounts of food, hunting and gathering societies became less common especially in the last 500 years. At the beginning of the Holocene abut 10,000 years ago, hunting and gathering ended. In the Twentieth Century, since no societies are hunter gatherers now.

With the rise of complex societies requiring large amounts of food, hunting and gathering societies became less common especially in the last 500 years.

Are there any hunter gatherers left? No; there are no longer any hunter-gatherer societies in the world. Yes ; there are still hunter-gatherer societies but not many.

Yes ; there are still hunter-gatherer societies but not many.

Do cultures have their own histories? Yes; all cultures have to be viewed within their own particular histories of being and development. No; all cultures follow through the same historical circumstances.

Yes; all cultures have to be viewed within their own particular histories of being and development.