ANTH 100 Exam 2 OCC

rite of passage

a ritual that marks an important ceremonial moment when members of society move from one distinctive social stage in life to another. it features 3 phases, separation, transition and incorporation

language

a system of communication using symbolic sounds, gestures, or marks, that are put together according to certain rules resulting in meanings that are intelligible to all who share the language

in the article "When Brothers share a wife" which type of marriage is described?

fraternal polyandry

dependence training supports what type of personality traits?

group oriented behavior

dependence training

group-oriented personality

marriage is closely tied to economic exchange between families. Below identify the term that is not associated with marriage and economic exchange

head money

social status social organization example

indian caste system

horticultural

the art or practice of garden cultivation and management

dialect

the varying form of a language that reflects a particular region, occupation or social class and is similar enough to be mutually intelligible

berdache

third gender

common interest social organization example

jewish eruv

organization like the yakuza, japanese crime syndicate, would be a way of organizing members of a society by

common interest

in egalitarian societies, the social organization is based on what?

complete equality of members, shared decision making, status of age/gender without political power, food sharing (all of these)

changes in our culture such as less stigma placed on divorce and legalization of same-sex marriages has led to the formation of more nontraditional families

true

in societies where arranged marriage exits, it is believed that the fate of the inheritance of a family should not be left up to the feelings of young people

true

social classes in the U.S. are considered closed to social mobility

true

the onset of self-awareness is closely related to stimulations coming from the interaction the child has with its close family members

true

the role of mother's brother is especially important in matrilineal societies as fathers have no authority over their own children

true

naming is very important for social identity. which of the following naming traditions was not discussed in class?

last names based on parents name, sunrise ceremony, first laugh ceremony (all)

a person's social identity is based on personality, childhood experiences, and sexual orientation and gender identity

true

among the mundurucu, relations between men and women are not harmonious but rather are in opposition based on their religious belief system

true

levirate

when a man marries his dead brothers wife

ethnolinguistics

a branch of linguistics that studies the relationships between language and culture and how they mutually influence and inform each other

caste

a closed social class in a stratified society in which membership is determined by birth and fixed for life

gesture

a facial expression and body posture and motion that convey an intended as well as subconscious message

lingua franca

a language that is adopted as a common language between speakers whose native languages are different

protestant work ethic

emphasizes that hard work, discipline, and frugality are a result of a person's subscription to the values espoused by the Protestant faith, particularly calvinism

gender social organization example

eskimo whalers

polygyny

marriage of a man to multiple wives

polyandry

marriage of a woman to multiple husbands

which of the following is not a polygamous marriage?

monogamy

patrilocal

moving in with grooms father's family after wedding

horizontal mobility

refers to switching from one position to another without a change in social status

primogeniture

right of inheritance belongs exclusively to the eldest son

hopi

sunrise ceremony

sapir-whorf Hypothesis

the idea that each language provides particular grooves of linguistic expression that predisposes speakers of that language to perceive the world in a certain way

match the following as best you can

-matrilineal descent; hopi -bilateral descent; US -patrilineal descent; han chinese -double descent;. yakö

enculturation

self-awareness

varnas

-sanskrit word with several meanings including type, order, colour or class, was used to refer to social classes -each of the four Hindu castes, Brahman, Kshatriya, Vaishya, and Shudra

kinship and descent systems are important because (all of these)

-they provide social support and economic networks -they can help a group to defend itself if in need -they can provide marriage partners -they facilitate interaction with outside groups

matrilineal descent is (all of the above)

-tracing one's lineage through females only -a form of unilineal descent -practiced by the Hopi -excluding men from the authority over their children

symbol

a sound, gesture, mark or other sign that is arbitrarily leaned to something else and represents in a meaningful way

universal grammar

a theory in linguistics usually credited to Noam Chomsky that suggests that the ability to learn grammar is built into the human brain from birth regardless of language

which is NOT true of patrilineal societies?

a woman belongs to her father's lineage only until gets married of

in many societies the social interaction between people happens along a number of different criteria. which of the following would be such criteria?

age, gender, common interest, division of labor (all)

who is mainly responsible for early childhood personality development?

agents of enculturation

which of the following is not a way that people have created alternative gender categories?

hijra, two-spirit, female husband

nandi woman-woman marriage differs from western style same sex marriage because

sexual relationships between the women are taboo

stratified societies are based on what?

social classes based on access to economic resources and power

excision

the act of a taxing levies on certain goods and commodities produced or sold within a country and on licenses granted for certain activities

transhumance

the action or practice of moving livestock from one grazing ground to another in a seasonal cycle, typically to lowlands in winter and highlands in summer

gar

the freshwater garfish of North America

purdah

the practice among women in certain Muslim and Hindu societies of living in a separate room or behind a curtain, or of dressing in all-enveloping clothes, in order to stay out of the sight of men or strangers

infibulation

the practice of excising the clitoris and labia of a girl or woman and stitching together the edges of the vulva to prevent sexual intercourse

pastoralism

the practice of herding as the primary economic activity of a society

elima festival

the pygmies celebrated the arrival of a young girl's arrival at the age of maturity with the "elima" festival, when a Pygmy girl has her first period it is considered a gift because now she can become a mother

membership in descent groups is established and marked in a number of ways, except

through payment

age social organization example

tiriki age sets