ANTH 1003 Auburn Cox Midterm Study Guide
Jonathan Marks notes that while we do have a 98% similarity in DNA to chimpanzees, this is not what it seems because between different human populations?
there is considerable variation in both frequency and presences of alleles
the main idea behind the holistic perspective is to study culture?
through systematic connections of different parts
historical markers are generally something that converts a limited range of meaning about an object, place, or event (true of false)?
true
mutation is the only source of new genetic material (true or false)?
true
what is the comparative method?
uses data from many different societies
what is the comparative method?
(all of the above) it is a general approach, holds that no society or behavior should be seen in isolation, and refers to the practice of comparing two or more culture
when did anthropology emerge as an academic discipline?
1800s
which of the following would be considered a functionalist?
Bronislaw Malinowski
studying another culture from its own point of view without imposing our own cultural values is known as what?
cultural relativism
which method would be best when doing a study on the genetic propensity for cancer in a given population?
genealogical method
which of the following is not one of the key benefits of full-time bipedalism?
increases speed against predators
what process involves shifting from an agricultural economy to a factory-based one?
industrialization
what is the tool tradition associated with Homo habilis?
oldwan
evolution as fact and theory: the article states scientific creationism is not scientific because it is not what?
testable
the primary ethical responsibility of anthropologist is to do what?
the people or species they study
among cultural anthropologists, fieldwork involves what?
(all of the above) learning the local language, becoming involved in people's lives, spending a significant amount of time in the field
the idea of biological evolution was first proposed by what?
Lamarck in the late 1700s
what is the study of how people classify things in the world is called?
ethnoscience
reconnaissance work in archaeology is also known as?
phase I
what does the Law of Superposition say?
sedimentary layers are deposited in a time sequence with the oldest on the bottom and the youngest on the top
in anthropology, holism refers to what?
seeking to understand how all aspects of out species are related
what is ethnocentrism?
(all the above) presents a major problem for anthropologists, means you think your culture is superior to others, and is a common feature of culture
the famous group of hominins known as the Neanderthals in which of the following groups?
Archaic Homo Sapiens
who cross-breeding pea plants, and was able to illustrate the basic laws of inheritance?
Gregor Mendel
this assumes a close relationship between a language and culture and claims that language defines people's experiencs?
Sapir-Whorf hypothesis
what is a language of mixed origin that developed from a complex blending of two parent languages is called?
a creole
the acquisitions of material culture, primarily by museums but sometimes by collectors, often results in what?
deterioration of the object due to poor handling procedures
which of the following is not studied by anthropologists?
dinosaur bones
when children in the united states reach a certain age, they often move out of their parents' home and into their own living space, something anthropologists refer to as what?
dispersal
being able to communicate about things not currently present in space and time is known as what?
displacement
the concept of costs and benefits is useful to understand because?
energy expenditure in an organism
shaking hands when you meet someone is an example of what?
folkway
if you wanted to study patterns of kin relations in a community, which method would you use?
genealogical method
uniformitarianism is the idea that change occurs when?
gradually and through the result of processes that are still observable today
how would you describe Edward Tylor's evolutionary theories?
he studied the history of human society from simple to complex technology and social institutions (from so-called savagery to civilization)
Alfred Russell Wallace is known for what?
hitting upon the idea of natural selection at about the same time as Darwin
what is the perspective that aims to identify and understand cultures in the entirety is called?
holistic
the key scenario differs from other kinds of symbols because it?
implies how people should act
what are some of the early resistance to NAGPRA came from anthropologists and archaeologists because they felt that?
native american prehistory was part of human heritage
in terms of the extended evolutionary synthesis, large-scale agriculture, which produces massive amounts of both food and pollution, can be understood as a form of what?
niche construction
what establishment of the african burial ground national monument in 2007 was the final step in the resolution of a dispute over african american skeletal remains and happened after the community leaders called for?
repatriation of the remains to their community
ethnoprimetology is an emerging field that studies what?
the interface between human and ape communities
how, in general, does Marvin Harris (a materialist) explain the biblical dietary laws?
they resulted from some practical, usually economic considerations
the ability to discover ancient remains and draw inference about our earliest human ancestors is sometimes helped by?
trace fossils
genetic drift can occur because of an intentional change in health policies in a particular country (true or false)?
true
who is the american anthropologist responsible for the concept of historical particularism was names?
Franz Boas
the name most closely associated with the system traditionally used to classify living things is?
Linnaeus
which of the following is not one of the ways that objects change over time?
an object always becomes less valuable and less significant as it ages and deteriorates over long periods of time
cultural anthropologists do research by?
building trusting relationships with people over a long period of time
words that come from the same ancestral language and originated from the same word are called?
cognate words
what is the subfield of anthropology that studies human diversity, beliefs, and practice is called?
cultural anthropology
collections in a museum are a completely reliable way to establish the ownership of an object (true of false)?
false
the first real protection for the preservation of archaeological sites in the united states was put in place in 1966 (true or false)?
false
in science, a theory is an educated guess and is not well-accepted among the scientific community (true of false)?
false (in science a theory is well supported and a well tested statement on how something works)
on the north coast of Papua New Guinea, a religious cult leader name Bargain was remembered through which object?
his hat
when anthropologists study the way people use language in real setting rather than as a set of grammatical rules, they are focusing on?
parole
which type of interaction may include playing basketball, cooking, dining, or having coffee with informants?
participant observation
if you discovered an ancient hominid with megadontia and a dental grinding structures similar to Paranthropus you might suggest that the diet of this hominin was?
predominantly plant based
paleoanthropologist believe that the predominant diet of our earliest omnivorous ancestors consisted mostly of what?
roots, tubers, and fruits
anthropologists like E. E. Evans-Pritchard and Renato Rosaldo do not see cultural anthropology as a science (true or false)?
true
in the nineteenth century Fijian objects were seen by most collectors as evidence of what?
a complex society interested in social status
do cultural anthropologists use just three methods (true or false)?
false
languages always change very slowly, taking generations or even centuries (true or false)?
false
