ANTH QUIZ 2

Which is NOT one of the mechanisms of evolution? Nonrandom mating. Natural Selection. Mutation. Gene Flow.

Nonrandom mating.

In DNA, the base A pairs with the base C G T X

T

The process by which genetic information encoded in DNA is copied onto RNA is called Recombination Polygenic transfer Translation Transcription

Transcription

Geologic processes at work today are the same as those at work in the past. This is known as ____ Group of answer choices Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics Catastrophism Geologic Disassortment Uniformitarianism

Uniformitarianism

Human beings have ____ pairs of chromosomes. 3 4 23 24

23

The process of sex-cell formation provides _____________ chromosomes to an offspring from each parent. 12 13 23 46

23

A theory is ____ Group of answer choices A testable statement that potentially explains an observation A collection of hypotheses that have been repeatedly tested and not rejected An observation about the world A hunch or assumption

A collection of hypotheses that have been repeatedly tested and not rejected

While Darwin is often credited with the discovery of evolution by means of natural selection, ____ came to the same conclusions independently. Group of answer choices Thomas Malthus Alfred Russel Wallace Gregor Mendel Chevalier de Lamarck

Alfred Russel Wallace

Biological anthropologists study Group of answer choices the fossil record for human evolution. the behavior of monkeys and apes. the genetics of living human populations. All of the above.

All of the above.

New alleles can be brought into a population by A) mutation and genetic drift. B) mutation and natural selection. C) gene flow and natural selection. D) mutation and gene flow.

D) mutation and gene flow.

DNA contains four nitrogenous bases: Uracil, Thymine, Guanine, and Cytosine. True False

False

Which of the following is NOT one of the four main points outlined in the Theory of Evolution by Means of Natural Selection? Group of answer choices Variation Survival of the fittest Isolation Fixity or immutability of species

Fixity or immutability of species

Extinction as a concept was first understood and put forth by ____ Group of answer choices Edward Tyson Erasmus Darwin George Cuvier Carolus Linnaeus

George Cuvier

A species is defined as a ____ Group of answer choices Group of oganisms that look similar to each other Group of organisms that can reproduce and their offspring can also reproduce Group of organisms that occupy the same ecological niche without competing for resources Group of organisms that share a common ancestor

Group of organisms that can reproduce and their offspring can also reproduce

____, by taking a literal approach to the Bible, determined the Earth was 6,000 years old. Group of answer choices Charles Lyell James Ussher Comte de Buffon George Cuvier

James Ussher

___________ developed the concept of the Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics. Group of answer choices George Cuvier James Hutton Jean Baptiste Lamarck James Ussher

Jean Baptiste Lamarck

Bodily characteristics develop due to the wants and needs of the organism. This is part of a theory known as ____ Group of answer choices Darwinism Uniformitarianism Lamarckism Catastrophism

Lamarckism

Some traits are dominant and some traits are recessive. This is known as Mendel's Law of Segregation Law of Dominance Law of Equilibrium This is not one of Mendel's Laws

Law of Dominance

Each new generation has new variations. The first scholar to begin to grasp why this happens was ____. Charles Darwin Gregor Mendel Charles Lyell Alfred Russel Wallace

Mendel

Genetic change from one generation to the next is known as ___ Group of answer choices Microevolution Principle of Use/Disuse Variation Macroevolution

Microevolution

Where is DNA found in a cell? Mostly in the nucleus, with a small amount in the mitochondria. Mostly in the mitochondria, with a small amount in the nucleus. Only in the nucleus. Only in the mitochondria.

Mostly in the nucleus, with a small amount in the mitochondria.

Selective pressure puts constraints on organisms and determine which individuals are best suited to the prevailing conditions. Better suited individuals exhibit differential survival and reproduction. This is known as ____ Group of answer choices Acquired Characteristics Variation Natural Selection Macroevolution

Natural Selection

Which of the following is NOT a branch of anthropology? Linguistic Paleontology Archaeology Applied

Paleontology

Heredity is ___ Group of answer choices Passing on of DNA to offspring Passing on of acquired characteristics to offspring Passing on advantageous mutations to offspring the result of asexual reproduction

Passing on of DNA to offspring

DNA regulates the process of protein synthesis with the help of RNA. sunlight. water. a variety of body salts.

RNA.

Each parent contributes one allele at each locus to his or her offspring. This is known as Mendel's Law of Segregation. Independent Assortment. Polygenic Inheritance. Dominance.

Segregation.

Anthropology is ____ Group of answer choices The scientific study of humans The study of non-western cultures The study of humans as a zoological species The study of world cultures

The scientific study of humans

Populations in nature potentially exceed food resources in a given environment. Not all organisms secure enough food for survival every generation. Most die, only some go on to reproduce. These ideas were proposed by ____ Group of answer choices Thomas Malthus Charles Lyell George Cuvier Ptolemy

Thomas Malthus

A major discovery with the human genome and decoding other species genomes is that all life shares a lot of genes in common. True False

True

Traits can skip a generation and reappear in the next generation. This is known as Mendel's Law of Hidden alleles Admixture Unit Inheritance Independent Assortment

Unit Inheritance

Prior to the development of evolutionary thinking, the dominant view of biological variation focused on Group of answer choices an unchanging natural world. similarities between apes and humans. that blending inheritance was wrong. there were no extinct creatures.

an unchanging natural world.

One difference between anthropology and many other social sciences, such as sociology, is that anthropology is concerned with human _____________ as well as human behavior. Group of answer choices biology political systems economic systems warfare

biology

Alleles are _________ if both of their effects are shown in the phenotype. regulatory recessive dominant codominant

codominant

The probability of survival and reproduction of an organism is known as its mutation rate. fitness. genotype. phenotype.

fitness.

Balancing selection can be described as selection for the heterozygote. for the recessive homozygote. against the heterozygote. against the recessive homozygote.

for the heterozygote.

The total DNA sequence of an organism is known as its genome. phenotype. genotype. sex chromosomes.

genome.

The shape of a DNA molecule is a helix. circle. elongated loop. straight line.

helix.

Natural selection can act to __________ variation between populations. increase decrease increase or decrease None of the above.

increase or decrease

Sometimes alleles for different traits are inherited together. This is due to linkage. recombination. polygenic inheritance. pleiotropic inheritance.

linkage.

Darwin's development of natural selection was influenced by the writings of the economist Thomas Malthus, who noted that Group of answer choices species change as their environment changes. there is a great deal of variation in nature. many organisms will not survive to adulthood. economic competition is analogous to survival of the fittest.

many organisms will not survive to adulthood.

Gene flow acts to make populations more similar to each other. less similar to each other. completely different from one another in a single generation. None of the above.

more similar to each other.

Mutations are always harmful to the individual but may be advantageous for the entire population. are not random in occurrence; they occur more often where needed. occur only in small, isolated human populations in the modern world. must occur in sex cells to have an evolutionary impact.

must occur in sex cells to have an evolutionary impact.

The study of evolution of the peppered moth provides an excellent example of Group of answer choices natural selection .acquired characteristics. extinction. migration.

natural selection

Fitness refers to an organism's ____ Group of answer choices age body shape and size health and wellness reproduction and survival

reproduction and survival