Anthro Final

anthropology is different from journalism because journalists data are protected by law? A. True B. False

A. True

Which term refers to the knowledge about other people that emerges from relationships? A. objective B. subjective C. intersubjective D. ethnographic

C. intersubjective

The process of promoting one culture over others, through formal policy or less formal means is referred to as? A. hybridization B. cultural relativism C. localization D. cultural imperialism

D. cultural imperialism

push pull factors? A. describe the factors that contribute the elevation of tides worldwide B. explain why colonists adventured to the new world C. provide the foundation for determining the difference between core and periphery nations D. describe the factors that push people to migrate from their homes and that pull them to host countries

D. describe the factors that push people to migrate from their homes and that pull them to hsot countries

the concept that people have images knowledge, and concepts of the physical landscape that effect how they will actually interact with it is called? a. cultural landscape b. an ecosystem c. a subsistence stradegy d. a metaphor

a cultural landscape

The !Kung people of southern africa are an example what kind of society? a. acephalous b. segmentary lineage c. lawless d. strucutal-functional

a. acephalous

the legal process by which an individual or council with socially recognized authority intervenes in a dispute and unilaterally makes a decision is? a. adjudication b. mediation c. laws d. negotiation

a. adjudication

how do religious rituals function politically? a. by legitimizing community authority b. by reducing fear c. by fostering disputes d. they do not function politically

a. by legitimizing community authority

when americans recognize that people are born into a particular social position due to the economic situations of their families, they are recognizing the existence of? a. class b. equality c. discrimination d. prejudice

a. class

clans come in three types: matrilineal, patrilineal, and? a. cognatic b. acephalous c. nuclear d. corporate

a. cognatic

what social distinction classifeis people according to descent? a. ethnicity b. class c. caste d. race

a. ethnicity

stylized performances involving symbols that are associated with social, political, and religious activites are called? a. rituals b. magic c. ceremonies d. witchcraft

a. rituals

exchange is a human universal a. true b. false

a. true

a powerful method that uses objects to manipulate people is? a. commodity fetishism b. advertising c. stealing and various kinds of fraud d. austerity

b. advertising

a good example of the process of medicalization is found in the changing understanding of which of the following conditions as a disease? a. diabetes b. alcoholism c. albinism d. HIV

b. alcholoism

matrilinieal descent is traced through which relative? a. the father b. the mother c. the mothers brother d. the fathers mother

b. the mother

environmental anthropologists accept the idea that all indigenous people are natural environmentalists? a trure b. false

b.false

negative or unfair treatment of a person becasue of his or her group membership or identity is called? a. prejudice b. violence c. racism d. discrimination

d. discrimination

an anthropologist might consider doing anthropology at a distance because? A. he or she has ample research funding to go into other field sites B. statistical evidence suggest that participant observation is unnecessary C. there is little data about the field site produced by others D. there is conflict or violence in the field site

there is conflict or violence in the field site

an anthropologist interested in a cultural insiders perspective on that insiders culture is seeking? A. emic perspective B. tunnel vision C. an etic perspective D. primary sources

A. an emic perspective

why was symbolic anthropologist Mary Douglas so interested in Jewish dietary laws? A. becasue they were a way to communicate sybolic piety B. because they helped people avoid disease C. becasue they are wrong because they are stictly biological

A. because they were a way to communication symbolic piety

cultural anthropologist do research by? A. building trusting relationships with people over a long period of time B. gathering data to produce statistical models C. focusing on single dimensions of peoples lives D. studying economic data

A. building trusting relationships with people over a long period of time

Which method is an extended conversation that can shed light on how social institutions change over time? A. ethnohistory B. genealogy C. participant observation D. analyzing secondary materials

A. ethnohistory

________ is a key element of anthropological fieldwork because it is a systematic research strategy of just handing out? A. participant observation B. personal survey C. parachute anthropology D. thoughtful analysis

A. participant observation

An important ethical concern for anthropologists is to? A. protect their informants B. protect the ethnographic data C. protect the community at large D. protect themselves

A. protect their informants

the purpose of fieldnotes is to? A. provide written records of information that an anthropologist collects B. avoid collecting personal information about informants C. engage in deep analysis of the data D. record results from blood samples

A. provide written records of information that an anthropologist collects

which of the following is the defining methodology of the discipline of anthropology? A. Fieldnotes B. fieldwork C. observations D. interviews

B. Fieldwork

Development anthropologists often think of themselves as? A. critics of USAID and other development institutions B. advocates of poor and marginalized people C. Objective observers D. advocates for policy planners

B. advocates of poor and marginalized people

fieldwork involves? A. speaking through a state provided interpreter B. becoming involved in peoples lives C. excavating sites without written documents D. statistical analysis of gendered distributions of labor

B. becoming involved in peoples lives

financial globalization has allowed for? A. wealth to be evenly distributed throughout the world B. corporations to move factories from one country to another C. the minimum wage to stay the same D. indistries to stabilize in their traditional geographic areas

B. corporations to move factories from one country to another

There are more undernourished people than obese and overweight people in the world? A. true B. false

B. false

When people consume that same clothes, food, and goods they eventually think and behave the same? A. True B. false

B. false

one of the main reasons localization interest anthropologist is that? A. anthropologists have always been locally focused B. global integration creates opportunity for local cultures to express themselves C. it is easier to study local settings than global settings D. it is rapidly disappearing as a phenomenon

B. global integration creates opportunity for local cultures to express themselves

cultural differences are often caused and amplified by? A. the isolation of communities B. interconnections between societies C. innovations within a single society D. insulated incidences of rapid technological change

B. interconnections between societies

ethical issues facing ethnographers include all of the following except? A. ensuring informant confidentiality B. protecting informants blood samples and other biological information C. controlling and protecting access to fieldnotes D. being open about their research

B. protecting informants blood samples and other biological information

The difference between a survey and a structured interview is? A. survey questions are asked orally; in a structured interview they are written B. survey questions are closed ended; structured interviews are not C. the goal of using survey questions is typically to produce qualitative data while for structured interviews it is to produce quantiative data D. there is no difference between surveys and structured interviews

B. survey questions are closed ended; structured interviews are not

a central feature of cultural convergence theories is that? A. they explain the rise of cultural conflict in the world B. they explain the apparent decline of cultural diversity C. They articulate how and why cultures converge through mixture and hybridity D. they explain why development appeals to all people around the world

B. they explain the apparent decline of cultural diversity

The most important goal of the congolese sapeur is to? A. imitate european consumers B. steal and resell secondhand clothes C. accumulate prestige D. acquire smartphones

C. accumulate prestige

Eric wolf encouraged anthropologists to consider what in their field studies? A. local languages B. economics C. colonial history D. Sexuality

C. colonial history

the people anthropologist gather data from are called? a. partners b. employees c. informants D. subjects

C. informants

world systems theory is important for all of the following reasons except? A. it is useful for analying postcolonial conditions B. it highlights resistance at the periphery C. it lends itself readily to ethnographic methodology D. it explains how and why global capitalism has disrupted so many societies

C. it lends itself readily to ethnographic methodology

The recent rise of autonomy movements among Hawaiian separatists and Zapatistas in Mexico are examples of? A. globalization B. immigration C. localization D. migration

C. localization

slash and burn agriculture, also called____________, is the most effective farming technique in tropical areas when population densities are low? A. transhumance B. horticulture C. swidden agriculture D. crop totation

C. swidden agriculture

what is the most important thing that the core-legume-fringe dietary pattern indicates about how people eat? A. they love carbohydrates most of all B. relishes define a tasty meal C. there is a common general pattern of how people around the world eat D. the intersections between culture and biology

C. there is a common general pattern of how people around the world eat

James ferguson, who is an anthropologist of development, argues that development exists? A. to alleviate poverty B. to improve working conditions for farmers C. to expand state power D. to enhance access to new technologies such as cell phones

C. to expand state power

some social networks are so spatially disbursed that migrants participate in a community that spans multiple countries, referrted to as a? A. postcolonialism B. globalization C. transnational community D. hybridiztion

C. transnational community

The comparative method? A. compares cognate words in different languages B. focuses on one society over a long period of time C. uses data from many different societies D. emphasizes statistical regressions

C. uses data from many different societies

Hybridization is about? A. maintaining distinct ethnic boundaries B. technological inequality C. defining a direction for change D. cultural mixing

D. Cultural mixing

when anthropolgists go into the field, they? A. go as a completey clean slate, without reading anything about the topic beforehand B. never change the focus of their question to fit what they are seeing c. seek to interrupt the flow of everyday life D. go with a set of questions they want to ask and have answered

D. go with a set of questions they want to ask and have answered

anthropologists study the diversity of diets, the complex interaction between nutrition and the environment, cultural beliefs surrounding food, and political and economic processes, meaning they study food? A. ethnocentrically B. structurally C. indifferently D. holistically

D. holistically

long term damage to soil quality is typical of? A. pastoralism B. foraging C. horticulture D. intensification

D. intensification

the human diet is? A. vegan B. vegetarian C. carnivorous D. omnivorous

D. omnivorous

A key difference between anthropolgists of development and development anthropologists is? A. the first are academics; the second work in applied fields B. the first are theortical; the second are practical C. the first work in development agencies; the second work outside of agencies D. the first are analysts of development; the second seek ways to influence it from within

D. the first are analysts of development; the second seek ways to influence it from within

using life history interviews researchers are able to? A. detect genetic traits linked to disease B. identify the myths society tells its members C. determine what plants are used for D. understand how a persons age affects his or her role in the community

D. understand how a persons age affects his or her role in the community

Globalization is the? A. idea that cultural characteristics result from internal historical dynamism B. process of relationships being limited to those within nation-state boundaries C. field that studies the cultural legacies of colonialism and imperialism D. widening scale of cross-cultural interactions caused by the rapid movement of money, people......

D. widening scale of cross cultural interactions caused by the rapid of movement of money

according to the medical anthropologists csordas and kleinman, the several therapeutic processes that bring healing include which of the following? a. clinical processes, symbolic processes, and social support b. placebo effect and symbolic medicine c. social support and the nocebo effect d. clinical processes, ritual sacrafices, and placebos

a. clinical processes, symbolic processes, and social support

peoples fascination with having the newest Nike shoes or iphone is an example of which of the following anthropological concepts? a. commodity fetishism b. high aesthetic taste c. a flair for style d. repatriation

a. commodity fetishism

interest within environmental anthropology concerned with how non western societies classify natural phenomena is called? a. ethnosicence b. linguistics c. peudoscience d. mythological studies

a. ethnoscience

which mode of subsistence includes the search for edible things? A. foraging b. horticulture c. pastoralism d. intensive agriculture

a. foraging

for anthropologists, materiality refers to? a. having the quality of being physical or material b. technologically simple objects c. only objects that are aesthetically pleasing d. american indian objects

a. having the quality of being physical or material

a key reason anthropologists study people's pursuit of cool things is that? a. its an important avenue through which people express and change their social relationsips b. it helps the economy c. it helps us underatnd the innate superiority of some people in society d. it helps shed light on distinct cultures of capitalism

a. it's an important avenue through which people express and change their social relationsips

which of the following is not true of how food preferences relate to gender? a. men always love meat, no matter which culture they are from b. foods take on qualities associated with one gender or another c. men and womena re encultureated to eat certain foods d. foods are linked to gender appropriate behaviors

a. men always love meat, no matter which culture they are from

why were american birth rates low from 1942-1946? a. most young married men were serving in the military b. the majority of household incomes were low because of the great depression c. there was legislation in place that discouraged or prohibited many people from having children d. americans were not having sex

a. most young married men were serving in the military

which economic theory studies how people make decisions to allocate resources like time, labor, and money in order to maximize their personal satisfaction? a. neoclassical economics b. marxist economics c. substantivist economics d. cultural economics

a. neoclassical economics

all biological approaches to race are problematic because? a. one trait is assumed to be represenative of other characteristics like intelligence and personal character b. they do not take into account variation in nail growth variation c. the sampling is too broad and focuses only on invisible traits d. they accurately describe an actual individual of characterize whole groups of people

a. one trait is assumed to be represenattive of other characteristics like intelligence and personal character

which of the following reasons explains why a collaborative approach between conservationists and indigenous people can be so challenging? a. scienstists and conservationists are often skeptical of indigenous knowledge claims b. indigenous communities do not have scientifically rigorous knowledge which is necessary for conservation c. the fact that indigenous people often want to continue living on their land undermines conservation goals d. collaboration is unnecessary for sustainable development

a. scients and conservationists are often skeptical of indigenous knowledge claims

anthropologist Daniel Miller suggested that shopping for and consuming objects are fundamentally as much__________acts as they are economic acts? a. social b. political c. religious d. psychological

a. social

a key feature of religious beliefs and behavior is that they are rooted in? a. social behavior and social action b. phenomena c. historical documents d. dogma

a. social behavior and social action

the earliest anthropologist to compare religious and spiritual beliefs around the world was E.B. Tylor. For him the heart of religious beliefs was the belief in? a. spirits b. magic c. the sacred d. totems

a. spirits

the core of anthony f. c. wallaces understanding of religion was belief in? a. supernatural things b. the afterlife c. Jesus D. God

a. supernatural things

according to marshall sahlins, when production is organized by families it is? a. the domestic mode of production b. capitalism neoclassical economics d. less valued

a. the domestic mode of production

an explanation given for medicalizing the nonmedical is? a. the growth in profits for insurance and pharmaceutical companies b. to decrease the prestige of physicians c. the dinial among people to see social problem in scientific terms d. inaccurate, as there is a movement towards demedicalization

a. the growth in profits for insuracnce and pharmaceutical companies

why do films take on new meanings when shown to overseas audiences? a. the specific cultural content and images in the film lead audiences to draw different conclusions because of their culture is different b. most people in developing countries are poorly educated c. american audiences are much more sophisticated in understanding the subtle background images that help shape the filmmaker's message d. they do not take on new meanings, the essence of films are seen the same everywehre

a. the specific cultural content and images in the film lead audiences to draw different conclusions because their culture is different

why would english colonial leaders portray africans as uncivilized heathens? a. to justify african slavery b. to get elected to local government c. to follow a religious doctrine d. to illustrate the intersectional nature of identity

a. to justify african salvery

Buddhism is neither monotheistic nor polytheisitic? a. true b. false

a. true

To follow political action one must be familiar with society's rules and codes about who gets to exercise power and under what conditions? a. true b. false

a. true

beliefs get most of their power from being socially enacted repeatedly through rituals and other group behaviors? a. true b. false

a. true

diabetic often have better control of their blood sugar when they are with supportive family members but poorer control when feeling isolated? a. true b. false

a. true

in some societies, witchcraft accusations can work as an informal method of social control? a. true b. false

a. true

nuclear family units occur in and are important to nearly every society around the world? a. true b. false

a. true

race can become biology, by shaping people's biological outcomes due to disparities in access to certain kinds of health care and diets, exposure to certain kinds of diseases, and other factors that can make people either sick or healthy? a. true b. false

a. true

the sterotype that tahitian women were sexually promiscuous emerged almost overnight after the arrival of captain samuel wallis in 1767, when tahitians recognized that the british had stell that the crew would exchange for sexual favors? a. true b. false

a. true

the main difference between economists and economic anthropologists is that economists? a. try to understand and predict economic patterns b. do not assume economic transaction are the same everywhere c. tend to look at the day to day economic decisions of people d. find macrolevel economic transactions irrelevant

a. try to understand and predict economic patterns

a surrogate mother is a? a. woman who agrees to have an embryo implanted in her womb b. woman who adopts a child at birth c. woman who acts like a mother to an orphan d. woman who raises another woman's child

a. woman who agrees to have an embryo implanted in her womb

research committed to making social change and improving the lives of marginalized people is called? A. rapid appraisal B. development anthropology C. action anthropology D. participant observation

action anthropology

when you are consuming an object the process of taking possession of it is called? a. gift exchange b. surplus value c. appropriation d. exchange value

appropriation

a good illustration of the marxist concept of surplus value is? a. a worker shows up to work late and gets his pay reduce, generating more profit for the owner b. a worker makes one 30$ sweater every hour in a factory but gets paid only 15$ c. a worker improves her or his efficiency by not taking bathroom breaks d. a factory owner prevents labor unions from forming in the facatory

b. a worker makes one 30$ sweater every hour in a factory but gets paid only 15$

what is fortress conservation? a. the protection of old walled cities, castles, and forts b. an approach to conservation that asuumes that people are threatening to nature c. an approach to conservation that allows for human-animal interaction d. an apporach to national parks that includes building high security fences and walls for protection

b. an approach to conservation that assumes that people are threatening to nature

advertisers have trained american consumers to focus on the newest and most exciting products through their? a. constant innovations and improvements b. attempts to constantly frame their products as new and improved c. removal and destruction of old stock to make way for new products d. disparaging remarks about celebrities

b. attempts to constantly frame their products as new and improved

barter, or the direct swapping of goods, is an example of? a. generalized reciprocity b. balanced reiprocity c. bargain hunting d. negative reciprocity

b. balanced reciprocity

a political system that governs 10,000 persons, whose central leader is determined by heredity and supported by a class of elites, with informal laws, the beginnings of intensive agriculture and labor specialization is? a. state b. chiefdom c. a tribe d. a band

b. chiefdom

when a doctor observes a patients symptoms and prescribes a treatment that he or she thiks will act directly on the patients body to cure the problem, the doctor is adopting which kind of treatment process? a. medicalization b. clinical therapeutic process c. symbolic process d. persuasion

b. clinical therapeutic process

for anthropologists, power is largely located in the hands of state institutions and political offices? a. true b. false

b. false

it has been proven that overpopultuion will inevitably lead to global famine? A. true B. false

b. false

the use of money is a human universal? a. true b.false

b. false

when a parent pays for a childs piano lessons, he or she is engaged in? a. delayed reciprocity b. generalized reciprocity c. balanced reciprocity d. negative reciprocity

b. generalized reciprocity

on the north coast of papua new guinea, a religious cult leader name barjani was remembered through which object? a. his shoes b. his hat c. his staff d. his cloak

b. his hat

which english philosophers were concerned with the problem of disorder and argued that chaos is avoidable by creating strong government? a. calvin and hobbs b. hobbes and locke c. smith and marx d. sahlins and service

b. hobbes and locke

what is the subjectivity of illness? a. the idea that diseases cannot be measured objectively b. how people understand and experience their condition on a personal level c. the process of testing that determines if a patient is really sick or not d. the effort to blame people for their own sickness

b. how people understand and experience their condition on a personal level

the serpent mound in ohio, and woodhenge in missouri are examples of? a. religious myths that are fictions b. information about solar and lunar patterns embedded in art and religion c. primitive are by an artist d. modern science

b. information about solar and lunar patterns embedded in art and religon

why was meat eating important for human biological development? a. it breaks down toxins in the body b. it provides high quality protein for human brain development c. it provides us with more muscle d. it is not important for human evolution

b. it provides high quality protein for human brain development

which of the following groups were considered nonwhite racial groups? a. irish jews, and egyptians b. jew, italians, and finns c. italians, madagascans, and brazilians brazilians, new zealanders, and jews

b. jews, italians, and finns

the social system that organizes people in families based on descent and marriage is called? a. kith and kin b. kinship c. tribal membership d. atomic family

b. kinship

a voodoo doll is a good illustration of? a. magic that follows the law of contagion b. magic that follows the law of similarity c. animism d. totemism

b. magic that follows the law of similarity

What pivotal evolutionary shift happened around 1.8 to 2 million years ago that is closely related to human foodways? a. primates walked bipedally b. meat consumption increased c. humans learned to make tools d. humans developed language

b. meat consumption increased

What subfield of anthropology tries to understand how social, cultural, biological, and linguistic factors shape the health of human beings in different cultures? a. physical anthropology b. medical anthropology c. linguistic anthropology d. biological anthropology

b. medical anthropology

which of the following refers to the family into which one is born and raised? a. traditional family b. natal family c. nuclear family d. family of procreation

b. natal family

when a woman marries more than one man, she is practicing? a. polygyny b. polyandy c. adultery d. matrilinearlity

b. polyandy

the social, economic, and political processes of transforming populations into racers and creating racial meanings is called? a. ethnocentrism b. racialization c. racisum d. prejudice

b. racialization

a good example of disguised discrimination is when? a. formal laws prevent certain social groups from being full citizens b. shopkeepers or security guards follow black customers through stores c. a teacher divides her or his class into brown eye and blue eye groups d. the police do racial profiling

b. shopkeepers or security guards follow black customers through stores

In latin America, blackness and whtieness are based on? a. genetic markers b. social behaviors c. skin color d. eye color

b. social behaviors

in some pentecostal and charismatic christian religions, adherents experience an ecstatic religious happening which is known as? a. praying b. speaking in tongues c. pilgrimage d. meditation

b. speaking in tongues

repatriation is? a. returning to the country of your ancestors b. the act of returning human remains or cultural artifacts to the communities of descendants of the people to whom they originally belonged c. tracing the physical evidence of the movement of cultural objects from one culture to another d. seizing the cultural resources of one culture to benefit another

b. the act of returning human remains or cultural artifacts to the communities of descendants of the people to whom they originally belonged

the themes of reciprocity and gift exchange are critical to anthropologists because? a. they are economically insignificant in market-based economies b. the exchange of gifts is the economy in many societies c. reciprocity is rarely embedded in social relations d. they are only found in pristine, untouched societies

b. the exchange of gifts is the economy in many societies

the in class lecture elaborated on the three stages of rites of passage. The liminal stage is? a. the stage of preparing for and separating from the normal life b. the stage of learning, disorientation and change of perspective c. the stage of returning and reintegrating into the former life d. the stage of rejecting a disorienting perspective

b. the stage of learning, disorientation and change of perspective

a rise in fundamentalism is often seen when? a. things are stable b. there are many changes in society c. there is peacetime d. people are in rural settings

b. there are many changes in society

one of the primary reasons indigenous leaders criticize the dominant model for administering protected environmental areas is? a. they don't allow big game hunting b. they assume nature must be uninhabited by people c. they don't charge enough to visitors for entering the area d. they focus too much on integrating animals

b. they assume nature must be uninhabited by people

the way a people conceptualizes the world provides a set of unquestioned assumptions about the world and how it works. anthropologists call these conseptualizations a_______? a. superstition b. worldview c. philosophy d. bias

b. worldview

salins and service typology of political systems would classify the role of president of the city council in your hometown as? a. headman of a tribe b. a big man c. a bureaucrat in a centralized state d. a chief

c. a bureacrat in a centralized state

dowry is? a. a gift or money given by the groom's clan or family to compensate the bridges clan or family for the loss of one of its women along with her productive and reproductive abilities b. a commercial exchange wherein one family buys a bride for their son c. a large sum of money or in kind gifts given to a daughter to ensure her well being in her husbands family d. a social mechanism for reducing the number of mouths to feed in a clan

c. a large sum of money or in kind gifts given to a daughter to ensure her well being in her husbands family

Michael rockefeller sought carved bij poles from the asmat people because he thought they were beautiful art. The asmat people thought of their carvings as? a. a hobby handcrafts b. phallic art identified with an erotic cult c. a ritual act that restored balance to their world d. a way to make money from foreigners

c. a ritual act that restored balance to their world

early british settlers in teh 1600's amistakenly perceived the new landscape in NOrth america as an unpeople wilderness when, in fact, is was? a. an ecosystem b. a cultural landscape c. an anthropogenic landcape d. an example of sustainable development

c. an anthropogenic landscape

soldiers returning from war often have which of the following symptoms? a. borderline personality disorder b. depression c. anxiety disorders b. bipolar disorder

c. anxiety disorders

the vie that nature and environmental conditions shape the characteristics and lifeways of a group of people is know as evnironmental? a. balance b. relativism c. determinism d. collapse

c. determinism

what is the most striking difference between a physicians approach to a sick patient and a medical anthropologists perspective? a. physicians will focus on the clinical processes that explain the disease, while medical anthropologists will focus only on the patients symptoms b. doctors will not be concerned with patients feelings since as physicians they know what is happening while the medical anthropologist will be concerned with the patient's anxiety and fear during treatment c. doctors will focus on the clinical processes that explain the disease, while medical anthropologists will want to look at the illness from all perspectives d. there is often little difference in perspective among these experts

c. doctors will focus on the clinical processes that explain the disease, while medical anthropologists will want to look at the illness from all perspectives

when social norms dictate that someone from a particular clan must marry outside of that clan, anthropologists say that the clanm is? a. a corporate group b. endogamous c. exogamous d. a lineage

c. exogamous

jim crow laws in the US south after the civil war are a good illustration of? a. invisible racism b. hidden privilege c. explicit discrimination hegemony

c. explicit discrimination

if you live in a household with your mom and dad, your grandfather, as well as your aunt and two cousins, you live in what kinds of family? a. nuclear family b. traditional family c. extended family d. unnantural family

c. extended family

a cultural relatvist would be most likely to emphasize that pastoralists? a. are living backward lives and need to modernize b. are inefficient in their adaption to nature c. have developed effective social insitutions and knowledge that ensure long term sustainability of the landscape d. are a relativley new example of cultural adaptation to nature

c. have developed effective social institutions and knowledge that ensure long term sustainability of the landscape

for anthropologists the most important aspect of any object is? a. its aesthetic quality b. the value of the object at an auction c. how it emerges from and exists within a set of human social relationships d. how the use of its raw materials affects the enviornment

c. how it emerges from and exists within a set of human social relationships

a process that increases yields and includes prepping soil, technology, a large labor force, water management, and plant and soil modification is? a. transhumance b. subsistence farming c. intensification d. localization

c. intensification

for a society to have a separate occupational category of artist, it needs to have which of the following characteristics? a. it must be creative and allow its youth to explore the world around them b. it must be small and isolate from contamination of idea from outside c. it must have a considerable degree of social stratification and lots of different kinds of occupational categories d. its people must be ethnocentric

c. it must have a considerable degree of social stratification and lots of different kinds of occupational categories

why is Karl Polanyis distinction between formal and substantive economies important? a. is explains why states control economies in europe b. it distinguishes between primitive and capitalist economic systems c. it recognizes that economies involve both how people think and the actual transactions they engage in d. it laid the groundwork for the rise of marxist theory in anthropology

c. it recognizes that economies involve both how people think and the actual transactions they engage in

anthropologists are interested in a situation like the way the new heart drug BiDil was created and approved because? a. it illustrates how government agencies like the US food and Drug Administation fight racism b. it shows how social classifications like ethnicity are normalized c. it shows how cultural, political, and economic processes can work together to promote the idea that race is biolgically based d. it illustrates clearly how different racial groups have different biology

c. it shows how cultural, political, and economic processes can work together to promote the idea that race is biologcially based

the ability to digest milk into adulhood is called? A. transhumance B. arrested development c. lactase persistence D. lactose intolerance

c. lactase persistence

the exchange of brass rods for the purchase of cattle or the payment of a bride price is an example of the use of? a. surplus value b. general purpose money c. limited purpose money d. exchange value

c. limited purpose money

You and your sibling are fighting over who gets to use the family car. When your parent intervenes and seeks a solution that is agreeable to both of you, it is an example of? a. adjudication b. negotiation c. mediation d. avoidance

c. mediation

frank pulled his back out and went to see a chiropractor, an orthopedic surgeon, and an acupuncturist. Which of the following practices was Frank engaging in? a. medicalization b. the placebo effect c. medical pluralism d. medical singularism

c. medical pluralism

mother nature and natural resources are a good example of? a. cultural landscapes b. ecosystems c. metaphors of human-nature interaction d. idioms

c. metaphors of human nature interaction

the collection of goods in a community and the subsequent redivision of those goods among members of a society is called? a. exchange b. production c. redistribution d. capitalism

c. reidstribution

which of the following social structures was identified as a way that african societies maintained order? a. education systems b. presidential authority c. religious practices and beliefs d. parliamentary systems

c. religious practices and beliefs

fijian objects were seen by most collectors as evidence of a? a. complex society interested in social status b. peaceful community, whose members lived in harmony with the world c. savage and bloodthirsty society d. deeply religious society, whose members spent more time in performing religious rituals than on agriculture

c. savage and bloodthirsty society

when anthropologist robert welsch got sick in papua new guinea, most of the villagers attibuted his symports to? a. the flu b. malaria c. socery d. dhomesickness

c. sorcery

censuses interest anthropologists because they? a. are stable over time b. indicate the permanence of social categories c. specialize in quantitative data collection and analysis d. reveal the government's role in classifying and categorizing people

c. specialize in quantitative data collection and analysis

the idea that things have social lives refers to which of the following? a. a belief in animism because objects are often linked to particular spirits b. most objects that anthropologists study are either relics or sacred objects c. the fact that objects are deeply intertwined with people's lives d. they are imbued with life via sacred ceremonies

c. the fact that objects are deeply intertwined with people's lives

which part of the zapotec agricultural system does not correspond well to western ecological understandings? a. planting practives b. harvesting practices c. the idea that maize has a soul d. taxonomy

c. the idea that maize has a soul

what is an explanatory model of a disease like cancer? a. simplified physical model of the body with all the organs affected by the cancer identified in it b. a general approach to explaining the incidence of cancer among various groups c. a biological theory that explains why certain people get cancer and others do not d. a general explanation help by individual patients and their families that accounts for the patient's symptoms, the causes of these symptoms, and how to best treat the cancer

d. a general explanation held by individual patients and their families that accounts for the patient's symptoms, the causes of these symtoms, and how to best treat the cancer

when workers make only part of an object rather than the whole product they have less of a relationsip with the fruits of their labor. Karl marx suggested that this changed relationsip with the objects they were producing created a feeling of? a. freedom b. joy over what they had made c. boredom with the process of production d. alienation

d. alienation

in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries american doctors often had second jobs as? a. nutritionists b. politicians c. morticians d. barbers

d. barbers

in many societies people resolve disputes by restoring harmony, although people are no always satisfied with this resolution. Why? a. because its better to win a dispute b. becasue most people would rather avoid the issue altogether c. becasue adversarial relationships are more effective at getting to the bottom of the problem d. because of a preference for justice, fairness, and the rule of law

d. because of a preference for justice, fairness, and the rule of law

medical anthropologist nancy scheper-hughes uncovered a large criminal network engaged in the black market sale of? a. illegal drugs b. children c. bacteria d. body parts

d. body parts

compensating the clan or tribe of a bride for the loss of her labor, her support for family afairsm her looking after children, and reproductive abilities is called? a. dowry b. generalized reciprocity c. a charitable contribution d. bride wealth/price

d. bride wealth/price

throughout human history humans have tended to adapt to the land in a way that is supportive of population size a practice refered to as? a. climate change b. environmental determinism c. clultural relativism d. carrying capcity

d. carrying capacity

a key difference between caste and social class is? a. irrelevant, there are no differences between caste and social class b. class divides people in terms of biological relatedness, caste in terms of social relatedness c. class divides people in terms of moral purity, caste in socioeconomic terms d. caste divides people in terms of moral puity, class in socioeconomic terms

d. caste divides people in terms of moral purity, class in socioeconomic terms

a clan that reckons descent through both their mother and father is called a? a. unilenal caln b. ptrailineal clan c. matrilineal clan d. cognatic clan

d. cognatic clan

anthropologists ahve studied hundreds of different kinship systems around the world over the past century but they can all be grouped into six different patterns based on term for which group of relatives? a. grandparents b. parents c. children d. cousins

d. cousins

which perspective incorporates symbols and morals into the understanding of a societys economy? a. neoclassical economics b. substantivism c. marxism d. cultural economics

d. cultural economics

according to anthropologists, what social insitiution is the structured patterns and relatiosnhips through which people exchange goods and services? a. political system b. holistic systems c. kinship systems d. economic systems

d. economic systems

people who study the effects of global economic changes on human nature relationships and the impact of sustabable development initatives on certain groups are? a. medical anthropologists b. ecological anthropologists c. naturalist anthropologists d. environmental anthropologists

d. environmental anthropologists

a social movement that ddresses the linkages between racial discrimintation and injustice, social equity, and environmental quality is? a. political ecology b. demography c. political economy d. environmental justice

d. environmental justice

the structured beliefs and behaviors surrounding the production, distribution, and consumption of food is referred to by anthropologist as? A. horticulutre B. intensification c. life systems d. foodways

d. foodways

what are people who belong to conservative religious movements that advocate a return to traditional principles called? a. believers b. practitioners c. faithful d. fundamentalists

d. fundamentalists

what do anthropologists call the structural process of forgetting whole groups of relatives? a. ethnic forgetting b. ethnic amnesia c. genealogical forgetting d. genealogical amnesia

d. geanalogical amnesia

health and illness? a. can readily be objectively measured by doctors with the right equipment b. form a straightforward concept well understood by physicians c. are stable and unchanging across the world d. have much variation throughout different cultures and societies

d. have much variation throughout different cultures and societies

according to itzaj and many native american beliefs? a. cutting down trees brings good luck b. humans and nature exist in separate realms c. water is the elixir of life d. humans and nature exist in the same realm

d. humans and nature exist in the same realm

the earliest engagement anthropologists had with material culture happened where? a. in the flea markets of paris, where artists like picasso bought african art objects that inspired many of their paintings b. in the great palaces of asia in Mesopotamia, egypt, and china c. in the gift shops of the worlds great art museums, which sold cheap examples of primitive art d. in museums where objects from around the world were originally seen as evidence of how primitive or civilized different societies were

d. in museums where objects from around the world were originally seen as evidence of how primitive or civilized different societies were

the one drop rule enlarged the slave population by? a. separating the poor european farmers and the poor african farmers b. making skin color the chief marker of status and difference c. linking blood type with racial difference d. including the mixed race children of slaveholders in the enslaved population

d. including the mixed-race children of slaveholders in the enslaved population

the exercise of political power requires? a. force b. violence c. authority d. legitimacy

d. legitimacy

until the 1920's anthropologists interpreted totemism as evidence of a groups? a. spiritual flexibility b. sophistication c. solidarity d. limited intellectual capacity

d. limited intellectual capacity

eating practices are? a. unique to each culture, and rarely show similarities across cultures b. disconnected from plitical and ec onomic processes in a society c. influenced only by elders in a society d. marked by identities such as gender, age, and ethnic group

d. marked by identiteis such as gender, age, and ethnic group

nearly all societies draw on more than one medical tradition simultaneously, a process which is called? a. medicalization b. the sick role c. symbolic treatment d. medical pluralism

d. medical pluralism

traditional ecological knowledge is? a. rarely shared in local languages b. not useful in the contemporary world c. exremely valued by westerners d. not well known in the west because some species and ecological interactions exist in only one place

d. not well known in the west because some species and ecological interactions exist in only one place

for a big man in a nonstate society, what is the most powerful and valuable tool? a. force b. formal authority c. coruption d. persuasion

d. persuasion

control over symbolic, material, and human resources are important dimensions of? a. age-grades b. adjudication c. mediation d. political power

d. political power

typically, archaeologists find it easiest to study changing styles and fashions through which of the following classes of object? a. bones b. tools c. burials d. pottery

d. pottery

for anthropologists, political power refers to how? a. elected officials use power b. violence is used by the nation-state to subdue dissent c. politics operates informally d. power is used to attain goals for the good of the community

d. power is used to attain goals for the good of the community

a preformed usually unfavorable, opinion about people who are different is? a. racism b. discrimination c. sterotyping d. prejudice

d. prejudice

Economies in which people seek high social rank, prestige, and power instead of money and material wealth are known as? a. capitlist b. surplus value c. market exchange d. prestige economies

d. prestige economies

what is a life cycle ritual that marks a person's or group of persons transition from one social state to another? a. magic b. animism c. totemism d. rite of passage

d. rite of passage

which of the following groups of people were instrumental in the development of categorizing humans into distinct races? a. artists b. clergy c. politicians d. scientists

d. scientists

which of the following is a current example of american totemism? a. the cross b. money c. beauty d. sports team mascots

d. sports teams mascots

which of the following do americans traditionally inherit patrilineally? a. land b. height c. wealth d. surnames

d. surnames

c. clifford geertz proposed an interpretive approach to religion arguing that religion was a system of? a. myths b. rules c. deceptions d. symbols

d. symbols

Hawaiians and other polynesian islanders traditionally believed that mana, sacred or supernatural power existed within certain objects, at sacred spaces, and in persons, including all of the following except? a. the chiefs shadow b. things the chief had touched c. the sites where rituals were performed d. the sun

d. the sun

For anthropologists, what is important about the existence of diferences between populations in the ability to digest milk? A. the absence of genetic aspects o the practice among humans b. the way human children innately crave cow's milk c. the lack of social and political power of the milk industry d. the ways cultural beliefs and pracitces can support milk consumption

d. the ways cultural beliefs and practices can support milk consumption

women who practice polyandry tend to marry? a. two or more male cousins b. a father and his sons c. two or more male friends d. two or more brothers

d. two or more brothers

arthur kleinman, a medical anthropologist who conducted research in Taiwan argued that the key to understanding differences in perspective between doctors and patients is that healers and patients often have different? a. access to medical technology b. access to education and medical training c. class backgrounds d. ways of explaining what is happening to the sick persons

d. ways of explaining what is happening to the sick persons

the main reason men of the malaysian langkawi fishing community hand over their money to women is that? a. woemn are better at saving money than men b. women are the political leaders c. men to not value money d. women decontaminate money by using it to sustain the household

d. women decontaminate money by using it to sustain the household

_______are people who leave their homes to work for a time in other regions or countires? A. migrants B. immigrants C. refugees D. exiles

migrants

violence is? a. static b. inherited c. socially constructed d. absolute

socially constructed