ANTHRO MIDTERM

Which current gender ideology is most closely linked to the Man the Hunter, Woman the Gatherer myth?

"Boys will be boys" and "that's just a girl thing"

Which statement describes linguistic relativity?

All languages will develop the categories necessary for those who speak them to deal with the world around them.

Which aspect of fieldwork intensified as a result of the global COVID-19 pandemic?

Anthropologists conducted more digital ethnography.

Which anthropological concept explores the ways in which advertising shapes cultural norms and values involved in shopping?

Enculturation

Which statement about fieldwork originated in most recent times?

Engaged anthropologists should seek to apply fieldwork findings to address challenges facing local communities.

Which statement about ethnographic writing has been true since the beginning of anthropology in the nineteenth century?

Ethnographic writing provides an interpretation of the people and their experiences to an audience

Which term focuses on the expectations of thought and behavior that each culture assigns to different people?

Gender

Dogs growl to express hostility or warning. Identify the reason why an anthropologist would not classify growling as language.

Growling does not use symbols.

Which aspect of Ken Guest's fieldwork best illustrates time-space compression?

He observed Fuzhou villagers building strong ties with relatives in New York by using phone calls, texting, Zoom, WeChat, and online videos.

How did Nancy Scheper-Hughes's fieldwork strategy change in response to globalization?

Her early fieldwork focused on a local community. Her recent fieldwork looks at global flows and processes.

Incarceration rates for Black people are higher than for White people. Which concept does this illustrate?

Institutional Racism

What is the most fundamental problem with race?

It claims to be grounded in biology, but it actually has no biological basis.

What is the defining feature of a prestige language?

It is associated with wealth, success, education, and power.

How does the four-field approach contribute to a comprehensive view of human cultures?

It looks at the whole picture of human life—culture, biology, history, and language—across space and time.

Uneven development is one of the key dynamics of globalization. What is "uneven" about development?

The global economy creates great wealth and also extreme poverty.

Which political feature defines a nation-state, as opposed to a state?

The population shares a sense of culture, ancestry, and destiny as a people.

Which statement fits best with biologist Anne Fausto-Sterling's work?

There is a middle ground between the two categories of male and female.

What does an ethnic boundary marker signify?

Who is in the group and who is not

What general point about globalization and gender may be made, based on Carla Freeman's ethnographic research on women working in export factories in Barbados?

Women assert agency in ways that shape the influence of globalization on gender roles.

How do anthropologists define ethnicity?

a sense of connection to a group of people whom we believe share a common history, culture, and ancestry

Which definition of culture is most commonly used by cultural anthropologists?

a system of knowledge, beliefs, patterns of behavior, artifacts, and institutions that are created, learned, shared, and contested by a group of people

Why is a nation an "imagined community"?

because people may share a strong sense of community, yet most people have never met and will never meet

Which aspect of ethnographic fieldwork fits more with art than with science?

building relationships of trust and risking mutual transformation

Which example portrays a violation of the "do no harm" ethical mandate?

during World War II, some anthropologists intentionally provided colonial administrators and military agents with information that supported the subjugation of local populations.

Which fieldwork research strategy most directly involves building relationships of trust and familiarity?

establishing rapport

What is the primary research strategy of anthropologists?

ethnographic fieldwork

Which shift describes how globalization increases cosmopolitanism?

from limited and local to broad and global

According to linguistic anthropologists, how many languages may be lost by the end of the twenty-first century?

half of the 7,000 languages in the world today

What is the focus of sociolinguistics?

how culture shapes language and language shapes culture

What is being revealed in the emerging field of epigenetics?

how environmental factors directly affect the expression of genes during one's lifetime

Identify the impact of globalization on local cultures.

hybridization, a mixing or reworking of cultures with inputs from around the world

When was salvage ethnography an important part of the discipline's history?

in the first quarter of the twentieth century, during the time of Franz Boas's advocacy for the four-field approach

How would an anthropologist demonstrate polyvocality in ethnographic writing?

include many different voices

What is the starting point for ethnographic fieldwork?

people and their local communities

Who are the Two-Spirits in Native North American cultures?

people with gender and sexual identities beyond "man" and "woman"

Of the four fields, what is cultural anthropology's distinctive focus?

people's everyday lives and their communities

What was the focus of anthropologist Laurence Ralph's ethnographic research?

resilience amid injustice in urban Chicago

When gender studies emerged in anthropology in the 1970s, what was the first target for research?

the apparent universality of male dominance across cultures

Identify the most comprehensive definition of what anthropologists study.

the full scope of human diversity, past and present

What human desire is specifically cultivated by a culture of consumerism?

to acquire consumer goods to enhance one's lifestyle

Why does an anthropologist obtain informed consent from research subjects?

to ensure that research subjects agree to participate

What was the author's original goal in conducting ethnographic fieldwork?

to learn about the role of Chinese immigrant religious communities in the lives of new immigrants

What is the goal of LiveAndTell, a Lakota company?

to preserve Lakota language and teach it to younger generations

Which anthropological insight reflects an emic perspective?

understanding the local community on its own terms

Which idea is fundamental to the construction of race in the United States?

white supremacy

A man points a finger and yells, "Hey, move it!" Identify the element in this scenario that anthropologists would classify as paralanguage.

yelling

Which example shows hegemony embedded in a cultural institution?

At one time, anti-miscegenation laws in the United States were accepted by many people because they were based on "taken-for-granted" cultural norms.

Which country has an expansive color-coded system of racial classification that includes hundreds of categories rather than a few rigid groups?

Brazil

In addition to export-processing factories, what is a major area of employment for migrating women in the global economy?

Care work

Identify the statement about gender inequality in the upper echelons of math and science careers that fits best with an anthropological approach to nature and nurture.

Career outcome differences can best be analyzed by looking at gender stereotyping in education and enculturation of girls and boys.

Which element of E. B. Tylor's definition of culture has stood the test of time and is still valued and used by anthropologists today?

Culture is a unified and complex system of ideas and behavior.

What did early anthropologists study as they developed the culture concept?

Data about the diversity of cultures worldwide, accumulated through colonial and missionary enterprises

Which ethnographic example shows an anthropologist recording a lexicon?

E. E. Evans-Pritchard identified more than 400 words for cattle used by the Nuer of Sudan.

Identify the scenario that uses a mental map of reality to classify reality.

Naturalist Carolus Linnaeus created systems of classification for the natural world, including five kingdoms subdivided into phylum, class, order, family, and genus.

Do biologically separate races exist?

No. Genetic studies reveal no biologically distinct human groups.

Identify the accurate description of globalization.

People, money, goods, and ideas are interacting and moving across national borders in intensified ways.

Which view of power and culture was promoted by anthropologist Eric Wolf?

Power is an aspect of all human relationships.

When anthropologists look at race in a global perspective, why do they refer to "racisms" in the plural?

Race has been constructed among people in different places in a variety of ways.