Anthro Module 2 Reading Learning Checks

A way of classifying people based on common histories, cultural patterns, social ties, language use, and symbolic shared identities is called:

Ethnicity

Pair bonds can only be sexual.

False

Women are evolutionarily designed to raise children alone whereas men are not.

False

Which statement best describes the phrase "survival of the fittest"?

It is a phrase that Herbert Spencer first used to promote social Darwinism.

Marmosets are the most socially active primate.

False

Men and women are more different than they are similar due to separate evolutionary histories.

False

Primates spend the majority of their time in aggressive behavior.

False

Race is a valid way to talk about human biological variation.

False

Races have unique blood types.

False

Sickle cell disease supports racial categories, serving as a possible starting point for classifying races.

False

The fact that aspects of our societies are biased toward male control is part of our evolutionary heritage.

False

The one gene that controls aggression is located on the 17th chromosome.

False

Which of the following does NOT explain the variation of skin pigmentation in humans?

Mendelian heredity

The term _______ refers to all species considered to be in direct lineage to modern humans, while the term _____________ refers to all present and extinct great apes.

hominins; hominids

Which of these is NOT characteristic of H. erectus?

increasing prognathism

What genetic material found in the mitochondria is passed on only through the mother?

mtDNA

Mendelian inheritance explains some 5,000 human traits. Most genetic expressions, however, are not the result of Mendelian heredity but rather are_______________.

polygenic traits

Races of humans can be biologically distinguished by:

None of the above

All the genetic variation in the world is a subset of the variation found in populations on the African continent.

True

Humans are generally cooperative

True

Humans can be monogamous, but our bodies and minds are not specifically designed for it.

True

Darwin's theory of evolution has been __________________ by molecular and genetic science.

supported and strengthened

The variations seen in modern humans are largely the result of adaptations to the environment. Which of these is NOT an example of an adaptation?

the prevalence of hemophilia in certain population groups

What are the two main primate groups?

Strepsirrhine and Haplorrhine

The fact that aspects of our societies are biased toward male control is part of our social reality.

True

The sociocultural reality of race and racism has biological consequences

True

Which of these occurs when two populations of the same species become isolated from one another due to a geographic barrier?

allopatric speciation

Which of the following considers both physical and molecular evidence to formulate hypotheses on the evolutionary relationship of species?

phylogenetic

What is the observable expression of physical traits called?

a phenotype

The long history humans share with lice is a good example of _____________.

coevolution

Which region of the brain is associated with speech development?

Broca's area

The study of improving the human population by controlling the gene pool and gene flow is called:

Eugenics

What is the oldest known stone tool industry?

Oldowan

Acheulean tools were modified on both sides, resulting in a symmetrical tool with two faces, also known as _____________.

a biface

How was the natural world viewed by most Europeans before the 19th century?

as a static hierarchy that included God, angels, humans, and other life forms

What is the name for the period in which human activity has been the dominant influence on Earth's climate and the natural environment?

Anthropocene epoch

What is the correct expression of the scientific name for the monarch butterfly?

Danaus plexippus (italicized)

Venus figurines, cave art, and artifacts made with bone and antler are largely associated with what time period?

Upper Paleolithic

What is the FOXP2 gene?

a gene that is linked to the ability to understand complex language

Which of the following is not considered a subfield of biological anthropology?

cultural anthropology

Which of the following best defines biological anthropology?

the exploration of human biological variation and their evolutionary past

What is French naturalist Jean-Baptiste Lamarck best known for?

the theory of macroevolution

What best explains the loss of hair in humans, ultimately leading to the wearing of clothes?

thermoregulation

Which species was long regarded as the earliest hominin to use stone tools?

Homo habilis

Human aggression is an evolutionary adaptation.

False

Humans are divided into biological categories called races.

False

Increased testosterone causally increases aggression in males.

False

Individuals always make decisions based on what is best for themselves.

False

Linnaeus developed a taxonomic system to categorize life on Earth. His assessment of racial categories as they fit into this taxonomic system was scientific.

False

Most humans are violent on a daily basis.

False

Pheromones play a significant role in the attraction between men and women.

False

Which of the following is associated with the Lower Paleolithic?

H. habilis and the Oldowan tool industry

______________, or brain lateralization, is a cognitive development that can be inferred through right- or left-hand dominance in the construction and use of early hominin tools.

Handedness

Why is the term biological anthropology preferred over the term physical anthropology?

The term physical anthropology became associated with scientific racism.

Culture and mating expectations plays a role in sexual behaviors in the human species.

True

Economics, subsistence, political systems, and religious systems require cooperation.

True

Evidence of actual deaths from spears and bows and arrows is only found in modern humans starting 8,000-10,000 years ago.

True

Gender works as a cultural perception because it is a core part of the social fabric in which we develop our schemata, the way we see and interpret the world.

True

Intersexed individuals are fairly common in the human species.

True

Social and cultural norms provide context for violence.

True

The culturally influenced perception of what the sexes are and the roles they are expected to play is called gender.

True

The majority of human genetic variation is found within populations rather than between populations.

True

The prefrontal cortex and the dorsal anterior cingulated cortex are central to the expression of behavior.

True

The pseudo-science of eugenics is still part of how the public thinks about race and genetics.

True