Anthro

The cultural systems diagram describes a _____________ that helps to explain why people think and behave in the ways that they do. (the word ends with the letter "t").

context

This general term refers to the circumstances in which something occurs. These circumstances could be historical, environmental, social, etc. (the word ends with the letter "t").

context

Select all of those statements that are TRUE about the era of colonialism.

-Most of the Indigenous North American population, including many cultural groups and languages, were destroyed by European diseases and intentional violence. -European powers divided Africa and the Americas into territories, claimed them as their own, and used the local populations to do work and extract resources.

The question, "what is good to eat," belongs to which of the three categories of relationship that were discussed in class lecture?

environment

Every culture constructs expectations for three categories of relationship that people will have, and that determine the content of our experience as human beings. What are these three key relationships?

environment; self; society

In the U.S., it is commonly believed that it is natural and normal to be married to only one person at a time. As a result, many Americans believe that people from other cultures who have multiple wives or husbands are behaving unaturally, or immorally. Anthropologists use the term ______________ to describe this kind of biased judgment based on the standards of one's own culture.

ethnocentrism

Archaeology is technically NOT part of the four fields of anthropology.

false

On most days, Naya goes out to collect berries and roots to share with her family. Like most of the women in her group, this is one of her important jobs. Naya is part of a culture that practices what pattern of subsistence?

foraging

What pattern of subsistence is specifically organized around the importance of sharing?

foraging

What pattern of subsistence is usually associated with cultures that have no concept of private property?

foraging

Name the subsistence system associated with the activity: _____ collecting and hunting for food in the wilderness. _____ herding animals. _____ raising crops with complex machinery. _____ using fossil fuels to raise crops and raise animals for consumption.

foraging pastoralism agriculture industrialism

_______________ is the result of the cultural construction of differences in the relationships that have been defined for various groups in a society. The entire history of the Civil Rights movement is a story of fighting to reconstruct these group relationships in more equitable ways.

inequality

Based on your studies of the origins of politics and inequality, choose whether the following sets of terms "influence" each other, or are "not clearly related." surplus -> diversification of labor surplus -> specialization specialization -> complexity multiplication of social groups -> sapir-worf hypothesis

influence influence influence not clearly related

In terms of the diverse ways that cultures have organized marriage, which is most common?

multiple spouses

The little boy who cried wolf was tending sheep before he would run back to the village to lie about it.... The little boy was part of a culture that practiced what pattern of subsistence?

pastoralism

The practice of inheriting one's last name from the father's side of the family is associated with what pattern of descent?

patrilineal

What pattern of descent it practiced in Dadi's family (film)?

patrilineal

According to what you have learned in this class, cultural anthropology is a license to...

people watch

Part of the anthropological definition of culture is that it is shared or collective. This means that...

people who share a culture are able to communicate and interact without serious misunderstandings or needing to explain their behavior.

I study Bonobo Chimpanzees in Tanzania. Which of the four main traditional fields (not the subfields) is most likely to be my professional specialty? ________________ anthropology.

physical

Fill in the blanks for the proper words to complete the definition of politics that is used in this class. _____ is the regulation and management of _____ between _____, _____, and their members.

politics interrelationships resources groups

A set of words (such as violet, red, and blue) that belong to an inclusive class (color) is a concept called...

semantic domain

Which of the following was emphasized in the slide lecture? When taking notes, it is helpful to...

separate an author's ideas from your own thoughts about them

In the Domestic Organization diagram, concerns about the wealth and social status of husband's or bride's family are included in patterns of ____________.

marriage

Cultures that expect a man to move in with his wife's family after their marriage, practice which pattern of post marital residence?

matrilocal

The challenges of managing tensions between individual and group interests __________ as the groups/cultures/societies get larger and more complex.

multiply

Based on the lecture materials, the concept of the paradox of sociality is particularly important for understanding the origins of....

politics and cooperation

When Europeans arrived in the New World, they encountered continents that were...

populated by thousands of societies, from foraging bands to empires with populations larger than the great cities of Europe

The respect, admiration, and approval of others in the group is a social reward that anthropologists call...

prestige

This term describes what the process of turning non-profit government programs into for profit businesses. ________________ The letters in the answer are (z v t a r p i i e)

privatize

In order to research when human culture first developed, anthropologists...

All of these are means of studying the origins of human culture.

Which of the following statements is an anthropological use of the "culture" concept.

All of these are simplistic or non-anthropological uses of the "culture" concept.

Which of these is the best description of an egalitarian society?

All of these describe an egalitarian society.

The major difference between class and caste systems is that caste systems...

All of these distinguish caste systems from class systems.

Which of the following is NOT consistent with the course material.

Cultural construction applies to ideas, values, and things, but not to our expectations about how other people will behave.

Which of the following accurately describes the meaning of the term cultural construction.

Cultural construction refers to to the ways that individual cultures produce particular versions of reality.

Why are there so many people in the world in need of work, and yet so much work is ignored, incomplete, or unsuccessful?

Cultural systems for attending to life's work are not entirely aligned with what is needed.

Which of these statements related to the study of sociolinguistics is FALSE?

Gender is the only social characteristic that is not consistently reflected in speech patterns and norms for communication within any given culture.

Which of the following statements about polygyny is FALSE?

In groups in which polygyny is a cultural norm, jealousy is not a problem.

The reason that developing countries have fewer environmental regulations is that they tend to have unsophisticated cultural values concerning the environment.

false

According to the film, "First Farmers," the Natufians were...

foragers who began cultivating wild grain in what is now Israel.

!Xosa is setting traps with twine he made out of fibers from the leaves of plants. He hopes to catch some small animals to share with his family. Like most of the men in his community, this is how he contributes food to the group. !Xosa is part of a culture that practices what pattern of subsistence?

foraging

Before 10,000 years ago, all human societies survived through...

foraging

In the Domestic Organization diagram, alliances are associated with what category of family relationship? Patterns of ___________.

marriage

Select ALL of following that are TRUE statements about debt.

-Debt is a way of subsidizing today with money borrowed from tomorrow. -If everyone tried to take their money out at the same time, banks would not have the money to pay them. -Debt enables business, individuals, and countries to do things that are currently beyond their means.

Select ALL of the statements that accurately complete the sentence. Domestic organization is concerned with....

-producing and raising children to be effective adults. -establishing descent and forming alliances to produce a group of people individuals who see themselves as a family. -establishing a group of people who pool their resources in order to care for each other and complete the work of living. -managing relationships between family members. -organizing the work of living by distributing it to family members.

Select ALL of the following that are TRUE about regulations...

-protect things that are culturally valuable but are not necessarily profitable. -interfere with the free market. -are like rules in a game that define certain activities as "out of bounds," or illegal.

Humans began living in the Americas approximately...

15,000 years ago.

In contemporary American society, the vast majority of construction jobs are occupied by men. This is because

All of these are explanations for male-dominated hiring in construction.

The poorest 20% of American households makes approximately what percent of the national income?

4%

Currently, anthropological research indicates that humans first had the capacity for culture by around ____ years ago.

80,000

In Hua society, where sexual differences are explained by the life-giving substance nu, post-menopausal women are permitted to live in the men's house. Why is this?

A life of childbirth and menstruation are believed to have purged them of most feminine substances.

Select the most accurate statement: 1) Most traditional cultures have remained unchanging for many thousands of years. 2)All cultures have changed and evolved over time. 3)Because they live so simply, history does not apply to traditional cultures. 3)We call them primitive people because their cultures have not evolved.

All cultures have changed and evolved over time.

Which of these would NOT be considered an important contribution of anthropology?

Anthropology promotes the stance of moral relativism, arguing there is no universal right or wrong.

Which of the following statements are correct:

Capitalism is separate from democracy.

Select the most accurate statement. -Culture is the biological predisposition for language. -Culture is the learned knowledge and behavior shared by a group of people. -Culture is the biologically inherited knowledge and behavior shared by a group of people. -Culture is the genetically transmitted knowledge and behavior shared by a group of people.

Culture is the learned knowledge and behavior shared by a group of people.

Why isn't dowry considered the opposite of bridewealth?

Dowry does not give the bride and her family marital rights over her husband.

What course of action has the AAA (American Anthropological Association) recommended in terms of the use of the concept of race?

Eliminating the word "race" from the 2010 U.S. census

Why is understanding the cultural construction of reality so important within anthropology?

It suggests that humans do not all perceive and interpret the world in the same ways.

What does the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis state?

Language has a powerful influence on the thought patterns in any particular culture.

Which of these languages is spoken by the most people?

Mandarin

Over the past few decades what has happened to the distribution of yearly income in the U.S.?

Most American households got a smaller percentage of the total income.

Which of the following definitions of politics were you expected to memorize for this course:

None of these is the definition of politics that we were expected to memorize.

What did Edward Hall's pioneering work in the area of proxemics find?

People communicate messages by how far apart they stand.

The difference between tribes and states is usually reflected in the presence or absence of...

a full-time bureaucracy

According to the film about Margaret Mead...

She worked with islanders in the Pacific and Papua New Guinea.

Which of the following are correct. -All cultures recognize the same set of biological relatives as aunts. -Some cultures distinguish between cousins on a person's mother's or father's side. -All cultures recognize the same set of biological relatives as uncles. -There are no cultures that distinguish between person's cousins on their mother's or father's side.

Some cultures distinguish between cousins on a person's mother's or father's side.

According to the youtube intervew, Dan Everette was...

a missionary who became an anthropologist.

Select the statement that is correct. -The cultural systems diagram emphasizes culture as a means of elite social control. -The cultural systems diagram does not address the importance of the social environment. -The cultural systems diagram highlights the biological similarities between people. -The cultural systems diagram addresses the relationships between people and their natural environment.

The cultural systems diagram addresses the relationships between people and their natural environment.

Which of these is NOT characteristic of balanced reciprocity?

The donor keeps giving even if the recipient is unable to reciprocate for a long time.

Dadi, in Dadi's Family (film) is...

The mother and mother-in-Law

Which of these statements about polyandrous marriage is FALSE?

The wife usually sleeps with several or all of the brothers/husbands at the same time.

Which of the following is NOT one of the reasons that foragers tend to be egalitarian?

These are the four main reasons described in this class.

Within Native American groups that had members who assumed a third gender, how were these members typically treated?

They were treated with great respect and valued for their contributions.

Up until about 10,000 years ago almost all humans were nomadic.

True

An implication of the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis is that...

What people experience as reality is a result of their language.

The most important influence on our beliefs, values, and life choices is...

Who we watch (observe) as we are growing up.

The video on New Belgium Brewery demonstrated that...

Worker ownership can be a profitable small scale socialist compromise in a capitalist economy.

Which of the following are NOT TRUE about the work of living?

You can actually get rid of the work of living by getting other people to do it for you.

Most anthropologists view race as....

a cultural construction that is not a biological reality.

Learning is a physical process. (word begins with an "a") If you are not ___________, you're not learning.

active

Which of the following is NOT a solution that cultures use to attend to the available work:

all of these are solutions that societies use or have used.

Which of the following is not one of the four strategies that capitalists use to increase profits:

all of these are strategies that capitalists use to increase profits.

In 2010, the wealthiest 1% of American, possessed as much wealth as:

approximately 95% of the population.

Egalitarianism is most closely associated with which of the four forms of political organization?

bands

Based on the video, "Wealth and Inequality in America," we find that most Americans...

believe that the distribution of wealth is actually more equal than it is.

When people or things have use value, but little or no exchange value, it is...

challenging for capitalist markets to include them.

"Our leader lives in the main village. There are many thousands of us, so his job is very big. His father was also a leader, and his father before that. This is because the gods gave his lineage the power to care for the people and the land. People who defy him will pay a heavy price." This individual belongs to a culture that practices which of the four forms of political organization?

chiefdom

A culture that names the sister of one's mother differently from the sister of one's father

classifies reality differently than we do.

In terms of making decisions for collective action, power can be viewed on a continuum from:

concentrating power in the few <-------> distributing it to the manyconcentrating power in the few <-------> distributing it to the many

For anthropologists, _____________ is often what they point to in order to explain human activity. This term is concerned with circumstances or conditions (The word ends with the letter "t").

context

In the Domestic Organization diagram, ancestors are most closely associated with what category of family relationship? Patterns of __________.

descent

In the Domestic Organization diagram, relationships that emphasize biological connections are included in patterns of ________________.

descent

The Domestic Organization diagram shows that there are two key cultural processes for establishing family and kinship. They are patterns of ________ and patterns of ________ .

descent; marriage

Which of the following revolutionized human culture about 10,000 ago?

domestication of plants and animals

What is the term for the transfer of wealth from a prospective wife and her kin group to the kin group of her husband?

dowry

_______________________ is the term used by anthropologists to describe the process by which a person learns his or her culture. The answer is in these scrambled letters: (c t l u n e r u a n o t i)

enculturation

____ means that a person is required to marry within his or her own social group.

endogamy

Cross-Cultural examples of alternative genders aside from male and female (such as those presented in your textbook), demonstrate that...

hatred and intolerance of people who are gender variant and/or homosexual is NOT universal.

Anthropology emphasizes the use of a __________ approach that explains human behavior in terms of a combination of influences including biology, culture, history, and the environment.

holistic

The three patterns of subsistence that involve planting and harvesting are_____ (uses simple tools), _____ agriculture [uses complex tools like plows and irrigation), and _____ agriculture (uses fossil fuels).

horticulture, intensive, industrial

Knowledge = _____ and/or _____ + _____

ideas objects relationships

Dean uses a tractor to till the soil for planting. Dean is part of a culture that practices what pattern of subsistence? (use the full name of the subsistence pattern).

intensive industrial agriculture

In terms of language, identification of different colors by different words...

is different in different cultures.

Today in India, the caste system...

is losing influence, but persists, particularly in rural areas

Cross-culturally, marriage...

is not necessarily a matter of personal or individual choice.

The nature and meaning of the relationships among people who consider themselves kin or family...

is profoundly shaped by language and culture.

According to the film, "First Farmers," the most distinctive and socially transformative quality of barley and wheat (early grain), was that:

it can be stored for later consumption

I study the way that words and language is used to shape perceptions about war and climate change. Which of the four main traditional fields (not the subfields) is most likely to be my professional specialty? ________________ anthropology.

linguistic

Children in America are generally expected to move out of their parents house when they are married. This pattern of post-marital residence is:

neolocal

The ___________ of sociality refers to the tension between individual interests and group interests.

paradox

The anthropological research method that involves working, playing, and living with the people that one studies is called _______________ _________________ (the answer is NOT Fieldwork).

participant observation

Enculturation is...

the process by which the young learn the culture of those around them.

Which of these is the best description of an ranked society?

there are a limited number of formal positions that grant authority.

Which of the following is Not True about pastoralists...

they get most of their food from hunting

"Unlike a giraffe, a house cat, or a daffodil, humans respond to environmental limitations by _____________ " their relationships to them. The correct answer includes these letters: "f n a r s m g i r t n o"

transforming

We people watch in order to answer the question, "______ and _____ should I be?"

who; how

Based on the discussion from your book, on globalization and marriage in Japan, select ALL of the following statements that are correct:

-Japanese farmers tend to be older men. -Japanese women are increasingly uninterested in marrying farmers. -Japanese women are having fewer children than they did in the past.

In India, people born with male genitalia can go through a rite of passage resulting in a person bacoming, "Hijra," someone who is "neither man nor woman." Select ALL of the following answer that are correct.

-The Hijra acquire special status and perform important rituals. -The ritual involves the removal of their penis and testicles.

Select all of the following examples that reflect one of the two core reasons for people watching that were identified in this class.

-We ride along with and watch police who patrol high crime neighborhoods in order to develop programs that build collaborative relationships between police and their communities. -We watch people in order to see if they might be dangerous to us, and need to be avoided. -We watch people who are homeless drug addicts in order to develop effective programs to help them get the the medical treatment and assistance they require. -We watch people in rural Nepal in order to understand and address the challenges that they face in sending their children to school. -We watch people in order to determine if they are flirting with us, and if they would be open to making a connection. -We watch people who have been driven off their land by government and business, in order to understand the complexities of the conflict, the hardships the people face, and to call for more equitable relationships.

Select ALL of the following that examples of natural limitations?

-availability of food and water -biological predisposition- not being able to run fast -climate (extreme cold or heat) -flooding -biological predisposition- not having claws

The term, "Nurture," in the discussion of "Nature and Nurture," essentially refers to what important aspect of human behavior (this is a central them in this course). Select all that are correct.

-learning -culture -environment -enculturation

Louli is a well respected tribal leader. People generally will do what he asks, but they don't have to, and will sometimes refuse. Louli commonly tries to avoid this and secure their allegiance by... (Select the TWO answers that BEST apply to this kind of leader)

-working the hardest -giving away the most

Which of the following was NOT one of the big consequences from the origins of full time agriculture

All of these are big consequences resulting from the origins of full time agriculture

Which of these is a distinguishing characteristic of stratified societies?

All of these are characteristics distinguish stratified societies from others.

Which of the following are NOT TRUE about work?

All of these statements are true about the work of living.

The "Endangered Cultures" TED talk, by Wade Davis, describes...

An Inuit hunter who makes a shit knife and a sled.

You're putting together a team of anthropologists from the following list of applicants. You need an individual from each of the subfields of anthropology. Write the first letter of each of the four primary fields of anthropology to properly identify the subfield that is appropriate to each of the these researchers. For example, use "p" if the individual is a physical anthropologist. Do not write more than one letter for each answer.

a - Marshall Mellow - studies the material remains of warring kingdoms in ancient China. p - Dusty Oldman - studies mummies from Nubia and Peru c - Ama Zing Ting - studies shamanism and magic in rural Nepal p - Harry G. Rilla - studies primates in Madagascar l - Windy Lipscomb - studies political speech p - Kay V. Dweller - studies early hominid evolution a - Sarah McPotter - studies culture change through collections of prehistoric pottery p - Mannie Grimes - studies bodies to determine causes of death for law enforcement c - Lee Burty Bells - studies indigenous resistance to government oppression in the Brazilian Amazon. l - Mina Byrd - studies the way that words and word usage influence perceptions of time and space.

The "tragedy," in the "tragedy of the commons," results from...

an inability to cooperate (organize collective action for the good of all).

Since the 1990s, most anthropologists have been employed in this 5th subfield. Practitioners use anthropological methods, theories, and concepts to solve practical, real-world problems; practitioners are often employed by a governmental agency or private organization. ________________ anthropology

applied

Louli is a well respected leader in the village. People generally will do what he asks, but they don't have to, and will sometimes refuse. There's little that Louli can do about it, because he is a...

bigman

All of Naninja's people are nomadic. Naninja is part of a culture that practices what pattern of subsistence?

pastoralism

What important term, ending in the letter "t," accurately completes this statement. "Cultural relativism" is an anthropological idea based on the value of _________ as an explanation, i.e., rather than judge people based on your own cultural _________ (the circumstances that produced your values, tastes, opinions, etc.), consider the behavior in terms of the cultural _________ in which it was created.

context

When we learn about where someone is coming from, when we understand that their beliefs and behaviors are relative to their experiences and upbringing, we are practicing what important anthropological perspective/strategy?

cultural relativism

Which of the following is most accurate: -none of these are correct -culture consists of the ideas and beliefs shared by a group of people -culture consists of the behaviors shared by a group of people -culture consists of both the ideas and behaviors shared by a group of people

culture consists of both the ideas and behaviors shared by a group of people

The term, "Nature," in the discussion of "Nature and Nurture," essentially refers to what important aspect of human behavior (this is a central them in this course). Select all that are correct.

genetics, biology

What is the term for the process by which different peoples of the world are interconnected?

globalization

If markets were entirely free, and the value of people was determined solely by supply and demand, individuals would be able to sell their children, their bodies, and their body parts. Law's against doing this, or slave trafficking, prostitution, or organ sales, all represent the cultural construction of moral limits on the operation of capitalism. These laws are most commonly referred to as...

government regulations.

Select all of the following that encouraged the growth of cultural complexity during and after the Neolithic.

growing populations surplus specialization domestication of plants and animals

The formula for knowledge helps us understand that the terms or labels that we put on ______ and / or _______ make it possible to apply our knowledge, e.g., to put the right kind of gas in the right place in our cars.

ideas; objects

The first members of our species, Homo sapiens, originated...

in Africa 200,000 years ago

The substitution of fossil fuels for human and animal energy is associated with what pattern of subsistence?

industrialism

According to the online lecture, "The power to choose your _____________ is the power to shape your life." (the answer uses these letter: t a l s i h r i p s o e n)

relationships

Anthropology provides opportunities to increase your power by expanding the range of ______________ that you can learn from in answering the question of, "who and how to be." (the answer uses these letter: t a l s i h r p i n s o e)

relationships

The core anthropological concept is based on the idea that people construct their version of reality in relationship to the particular context in which the culture has existed. Cultural beliefs, values, and behaviors, are ______________ to the circumstances in which they are constructed. Cross-cultural understanding means discovering the relationships that lead to particular constructions.

relative

The price of goods and services do not generally include the long term environmental and social costs of production. As a result, these real costs are ultimately ___________. This word means that the costs are passed along to the public. The letters in the answer are (i i z c d e s a l o ).

socialized

_____________ are formal institutions that cut across communities and serve to unite geographically scattered groups; may be based on kin groups (clans or lineages) or on non-kin-based groups (age grades or warrior societies). (the letters in this word are: s t s e d a l i i o)

sodalities

"I work for the Internal Revenue Service, as part of the government. I collect taxes to pay for government programs like social security or the Space Administration. If you get caught breaking the law in my culture, we have many groups of people whose job it is to evaluate your crime and administer the appropriate punishment. My people number in the millions." This individual belongs to a culture that practices which of the four forms of political organization?

state

The ultimate source of money to pay for these programs is (Select the BEST answer) Public education, public libraries, fire departments, police departments, prisons, the legal system, parks and wildlife areas, clean water, sanitation and waste disposal, infrastructure (roads, bridges, etc.), emergency health care, mental health care, social security, medicare, disability assistance, veterans affairs, national guard, homeland security, department of agriculture, department of transportation, department of the interior, environmental protection, consumer protection, food and drug oversight, financial oversight, federal emergency management, FCC (communications), center for disease control, national institute of science, NASA (space administration), FBI, CIA, JSOC, and the military.

taxpayers

The number of indigenous people who died from European violence and diseases in the Americas during the colonial period, are estimated in the....

tens of millions

According to the audio/video presentation in this class, the Piraha, studied by Dr. Everette, believe...

that the world has always existed.

Select the sentence fragment that best completes the sentence based on the material presented in this class. Politics evolved as an adaptation to...

the challenge of managing relationships within and between diverse competing groups, as well as their conflicting interests in shared resources.

Developing countries argue that they should either be compensated, or be entitled to use the same environmentally destructive activities that the developed countries used to achieve their success.

true

Here is a fact from wikapedia, "The Oraibi village is the oldest Hopi village and has been occupied from at least 1150 C.E, and it has the most importance to Hopi history. It is the oldest continuously inhabited village in the United States" (Whitely, Peter, M. 1988, cited in Wikapedia. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hopi#cite_note-Whiteley.2C_Peter_M._1988-3 accessed 6-15-2010) Here is what a student wrote without including a citation: Hopi people have lived in Oraibi village for almost 900 years. It is the longest ongoing occupation of any settlement in the United States. True or False: This is an example of plagiarism.

true

Ideally, free market capitalism is able to determine who should produce what, and at what cost, without government telling people what to do.

true

The film "Global Banquet" described increased suicides among farmers who could not compete against agricultural corporations.

true

The film "Global Banquet" described some of the ways that large Industrial Agribusiness uses government to gain unfair advantage over competitors.

true

The general term preferred by Native peoples, and by anthropologists, for a person with a third or fourth gender identity is: ____________ _______________ (two words, DO NOT include the "s" on the end).

two spirit