Anthroology

false, because previous assumptions of universal male dominance were revealed to be overly simplistic in their reading of contemporary cultures

True or false? Males are the universally dominant gender in human societies. Choose the single best answer below.

descriptions of the roles of egg and sperm in biology textbooks

Which of the following is discussed in the chapter as an example of how gender ideology is often reflected in gender stereotypes?

the cultural arena within which people debate ideas of what kinds of physical desires and behaviors are morally right, appropriate, and "natural" and use those ideas to create unequal access to status, power, privileges, and resources

Which of the following is included in the definition of sexuality as presented in Chapter 9?

England

Which of the following is referred to in the chapter as a "ninety-minute nation"?

"fag" discourse

Which of the following is used by students in U.S. high schools to establish and guard constructions of masculinity, according to C. J. Pascoe?

two humans

Which of the following pairs demonstrate the smallest amount of genetic difference?

racism

Which of the following refers broadly to actions and/or policies that use imagined differences between human groups to justify unequal access to power, resources, and opportunities? Choose the single best answer.

medical procedures on intersex individuals

Which of the following represents what Michel Foucault referred to as biopower?

ethnicity

Which of the following terms is defined as "a sense of historical, cultural, and sometimes ancestral connection to a group of people who are imagined to be distinct from those outside the group?"

melting pot

Which of the following terms is most strongly connected to the idea of "assimilation"?

Turkish diaspora

Which of the following terms would be used to describe all members of the Turkish population living outside of Turkey yet maintaining emotional and material ties to their homeland?

the World Showcase at Disney's Epcot Center

Which of the following tourist destinations is the strongest example of marketing ethnicity?

asexual

a lack of erotic attraction to others

heterosexual

attraction to and sexual relations between individuals of the opposite sex

homosexual

attraction to and sexual relations between individuals of the same sex

bisexual

attraction to and sexual relations between members of both sexes

What percentage of our genetic code shapes visible characteristics associated with race?

less than 0.1 percent

dopamine

Helen Fisher suggests that "through evolution humans have developed a set of neurochemicals that drive an 'evolutionary trajectory of loving'" (page 316). Which of the following is a neurochemical that she sees as important in human sexuality?

gender stereotypes

Henry believes that women are poorly suited to athletic activities and should do all of the cooking and cleaning around the home. Aside from being seen as particularly boorish by contemporary American cultural standards, Henry's beliefs are an example of which of the following?

assigning a gender, often with surgery or hormone treatment

How have most Western societies responded to the small minority of individuals who are intersex (born with a combination of male and female genitalia, gonads, and/or chromosomes)?

sexual dimorphism

Human males are, on average, stronger than human females. Human females, on average, live longer than human males. These are all examples of what?

Iraqis are deeply split along ethnic affiliations, holding these allegiances as a priority over nationhood.

In discussing challenges associated with building a sense of nationhood, your chapter presents the question, "Are there any Iraqis in Iraq?" What contemporary reality is the source of this question?

how culture shapes gender roles

In many Western countries, both men and women cook, but women tend to cook the family dinner and restaurant chefs are more likely to be men than women. What is this an example of?

a. a set of unearned advantages that white people retain in contemporary society

The "invisible knapsack" refers to

sexology

The scientific study of sexuality that began to emerge in the United States in the late 1800s and continues today is known as which of the following?

genocide

The slaughter of as many as one million Tutsis in Rwanda during the 1990s is an example of which of the following?

the temptation to divide human populations into distinct groups despite rather fuzzy boundaries

Which of the following is an example of groupism?

policies providing more social services to native-born citizens than to immigrants

Which of the following is an example of nativism?

racialization

"Middle Easterners" is a categorization that arose in popular American discourse after 9/11/2001. The creation of this categorization is known as

gender studies

"Research into masculinity and femininity as flexible, complex, and historically and culturally constructed categories" (page 272) is known as which of the following?

nation-state

"a political entity, located within a geographic territory with enforced borders, where the population shares a sense of culture, ancestry, and destiny as a people."

nation

"a term once used to describe a group of people who shared a place of origin; now used interchangeably with nation-state."

state

"regional structures of political, economic, and military rule."

nationalism

"the desire of an ethnic community to create and/or maintain a nation-state."

Biologically, we can categorize humans based on which of the following?

>skin color >hair texture >earwax type

ethnogenesis

A group of former slaves settled sea islands off the Georgia coast beginning in the 1700s. Today, this group is known as the Gullah, and it has its own unique language and culture. Which term would best describe the creation of this new cultural group?

ethnic boundary marker

A shared language or religion is an example of which of the following?

reassertion of the dominant culture's centrality against the rising trend toward multiculturalism

According to the textbook, attempts to establish English as the official language of towns, states, and even the U.S. federal government can be seen as what?

40%

According to your chapter, what percentage of college students in a 2006 college survey would define oral sex as "having sex" with someone?

Humans exist on a continuum between homosexual and heterosexual behavior.

Alfred Kinsey posited which of the following about human sexual behavior?

origin myth

America's first Thanksgiving is an example of which of the following?

gender stratification

Among the Etoro of Papua New Guinea, males have almost exclusive access to power, wealth, and resources over females. This is an example of which of the following terms?

1.7 %

Approximately what percentage of humans are born with biological traits associated with neither exactly male nor female?

love

Barbara Ehrenreich has suggested that the primary resource extracted from the world's poorer nations today is which of the following?

alleged improper handling of sexual assault cases

In October 2014 Columbia University students carried twenty-eight mattresses onto campus to protest what?

The father "giving away" the bride promotes the idea of women as "property."

Chrys Ingraham believes that the notion of "white weddings" influences American society in which of the following ways?

ethnic cleansing

Croat attempts to remove Muslim individuals from a village in the former Yugoslavia (now central Bosnia) are an example of which of the following? social formulation

cultural construction of gender

In Mexican society, males are often associated with the term "machismo," which indicates toughness and self-centeredness. This is an example of what concept?

imagined community

It is unlikely that you will ever meet each and every member of your home nation. At the same time, you believe yourself to hold certain beliefs and ideas in common with these individuals, as citizens of the nation. Which of the following terms best defines this concept?

constructionist

Ivonne believes that people, events, and the cultural environment around us shape our sexual desires and behaviors. This is the __________ theoretical approach to human sexuality.

Human mating is often predicated upon complex displays of physical prowess.

Jared Diamond refers to humans as "the animals with the weirdest sex life." Which is NOT a reason for this conclusion?

Jim Crow Laws

Laws implemented to legally enforce racial segregation in the American South after the Civil War were known as

micro-aggression

Luis, a man of Hispanic descent, walks into a convenience store and is constantly followed around by the white shopkeeper, who asks him, "Where are you from?" This could be considered an example of which of the following terms?

hypodescent

President Barack Obama has a white mother from Kansas and a black father from Kenya. His race is commonly described as African American, or black. This is most closely an example of which term from Chapter 6?

situational negotiation of identity

Professional golfer Tiger Woods has parents from two different ethnic groups - African American and Asian American. He has been criticized in the past for identifying with both of these groups at different times. Anthropologically, we see this behavior not as reason for critique, but rather as an example of which of the following terms?

Race must be based on ideas and observations separate from biology

Since there is no biological basis for race, we can argue which of the following?

mati

Surinamese "women who form intimate spiritual, emotional, and sexual relationships with other women" are known as what?

white supremacy

The belief that whites are biologically different from and superior to people from other races is known as

create a community group to express their concerns to decision makers

The city of Anytown has proposed to locate a new town dump close to a neighborhood with a high percentage of minority residents. The residents are upset by this and wish to stop the dump. How might they accomplish their goal?

ethnocartography

The combined vast array of cross-cultural research about human sexuality is referred to in your chapter as the __________ of human sexuality.

There is no biological basis for race. In a short paragraph, indicate why this is the case.

There is no biological basis for race because humans share a genetic makeup of approximately 99.9 percent. The human "gene pool" is so dense and populated that it is not possible to pinpoint where one's particular bloodline truly connects and does not connect with. The ideology of race was created to further divide the human race into sub-groups to establish superiority and hierarchies between individuals.

item one: The hair products that I use convey the ethnic meaning that my hair texture is naturally curly and a reflection of my ethnicity. item two: The King James versioned bible I have conveys that I grew up in a Christian household and have strong religious beliefs. item three: The wigs and hair dye that I have conveys the meaning that I like to ear various hairstyles and hair colors.

Think about the contents of your bedroom. Pick three items that convey some sort of ethnic meaning, whether to your own ethnicity or to another. For each, write a sentence or two about the meaning the item conveys. Item one: Item two: Item three:

Two-Spirits

Transgender individuals are common in many Native American groups. Which of the following terms is most appropriately used today to describe such individuals?

60 %

What percentage of the world's poorest people are women and girls?

humans

Which of the following animals have sex for fun as opposed to exclusively for reproduction?

Phenotype

Which of the following can be seen by the naked eye?

a high school male who aggressively boasts of multiple female sexual partners

Which of the following individuals might be thought of as displaying "machismo" in Nicaraguan culture?

increase the ratio of female to male births

Which of the following is NOT included in the Sustainable Development Goals set by the United Nations?

culture

Which of the following is NOT one of the three primary factors that have generally been considered in determining an individual's sex?

the control of one country over another

Which of the following is an example of colonialism?

to maintain and enforce segregation between Hutus and Tutsis

Why did the Belgian colonial government in Rwanda establish a national identity card that included the category "ethnicity"?

Miscegenation

________________ laws seek to prevent interracial marriage.