Anthropology 1: Chapter 13 (Professor L.W. Hasten)
The human brain reaches 95 percent of its adult size by what age?
10 years
At birth, the human brain is approximately what percent of its adult size?
25 percent
Approximately how long do chimpanzees, gorillas, and women in foraging societies nurse their infants?
3 to 4 years
Before the AIDS epidemic in Africa, Botswanans had a life expectancy of 65 years. At the height of the epidemic it was about ______ years.
40
Birth is an event that is celebrated with ritual only in the United States and Europe.
False
Humans have unusually short childhoods, reflecting the importance of learning in our species.
False
Most anthropologists agree that human populations are not evolving anymore.
False
The contemporary diet typical of industrialized societies is basically unchanged from preagricultural diets.
False
The prenatal life cycle phase begins with conception and ends at weaning.
False
Which of the following is not true about human childhood?
It is an extremely short stage of human life.
Infectious diseases can delay growth, particularly when coupled with
Parasitic infection
_______ genes have multiple effects at different times in the life span or under different conditions.
Pleiotropic
Facts about sexual dimorphism in humans include all of the following except
Rate of growth continues and increases as adult stature is achieved in late teens
Both nutritional deficiencies and excesses can cause health problems and interfere with childhood growth.
True
Far more important than genes in the aging process are lifestyle factors.
True
Our ability to store fat was adaptive in the past but is maladaptive in industrialized societies.
True
The language centers of the human brain develop in the first three years of life.
True
In the United States, old age is usually associated with all of the following except
a well-defined concept
The enzyme telomerase is characterized by all of the following except
allows for the cell to cease to divide
Infectious diseases have their greatest effect on growth and development during which life phase?
childhood
Biological events that mark the transition to adolescence include all of the following except
decrease in stature
Environmental factors
definitely have effects on growth and development
What is a present day disorder that is clearly linked to dietary and lifestyle behaviors, such as decreased activity levels and increased consumption of fats and refined carbohydrates?
diabetes
Throughout the world, women have
higher life expectancies than men
One primary way in which genes have an effect on growth and development is through
hormones
A long period of female postreproductive time is found in which of the following?
humans
The adolescence stage is present in which of the following?
humans only
Information concerning the genetic and environmental effects on growth comes from studies of which of the following?
identical twins
Which hormone is among those important in growth?
insulin
The human preagricultural diet was
low in fats and high in animal proteins
What is the term for a female's first menstruation?
menarche
What is the term for the period following the last menstrual cycle in human women?
menopause
Life history theory
seeks to understand the impact of natural selection on life cycles
The age of onset of menarche is affected by all of the following except
telomerase
One hypothesis that proposes to explain senescence notes that cells that divide throughout the life course have shortened DNA sequences at the end of the chromosomes. This is referred to as the ________ hypothesis.
telomere
What does the "grandmother hypothesis" propose to explain?
the existence of menopause
When does the adolescent growth spurt approximately occur?
two years earlier in girls than in boys
Chimpanzees that are orphaned before they are weaned
usually die
