Anthropology Final Exam

archaeological studies of art

One of the greatest problems with __________ is the inability of anthropologists to know what creators thought about their artistic creations.

adaptive

Technology is a primary way in which culture is __________.

Societies

are populations of people living in organized groups with social institutions and expectations of behavior.

Formal sanctions

are rewards and punishments administered by persons in authority, the state, or the law.

Colonies

are settlements of foreign nationals with controlling interests in indigenous territories.

Such groups make it possible to loosen obligations to kin.

What is the advantage of bilateral descent groups in industrial societies?

it focuses only on prehistoric societies and fossil species

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of anthropology?

fear grimace

Which of the following is NOT an example of postconflict reconciliation expressed among primates?

a focus on the concept of culture

Which of the following is a key feature that distinguishes anthropology as a separate area of study from other disciplines?

the religions and myths of Australian Aborigines

Which of the following is a subject that anthropologists would potentially study?

Eradication and genocide of indigenous, pagan populations was a sacred mission of Christianity.

Which of the following principles was NOT used as a justification for colonial rule and land acquisition?

People control their anger because they fear they may harm others with it.

Witchcraft can help control anger toward others in what way?

extended family

is a family formed with three or more generations, for example, parents, children, and grandparents.

Phonemics

is the analysis of the use of sounds to differentiate the meanings of words.

Phonology

is the study of sound systems in language

b. Etic

views are objective and based on outsiders' views so that they resemble explanations by observers from another culture.

Emic

views are subjective and based on insiders' views so that they resemble as much as possible the explanations that people have for their own culture.

biological anthropology

In which subfield of anthropology would a paleoanthropologist work?

subculture

. A group whose members and others think of their way of life as in some significant way different from that of other people in the larger society.

rules of descent

. Kinship systems are organized around __________ and rules of marriage.

norms

. Sets of expectations and attitudes that people have about appropriate behavior is/are

cultural models

. Shared assumptions that people have about the world and about the ideal culture are termed

fieldwork

. The hallmark of anthropological methods since the early twentieth century has been

family

A __________ is a married couple or other group of adult kinfolk who cooperate economically and in the upbringing of children, and all or most of whom share a common dwelling.

adaptive, maladaptive

A common scenario is one in which cultural practices are __________ in the short term but __________ in the long term.

endogamy

A marriage principle in which people marry members of their own group.

during childhood

A person learns to apply rules for differentiating phonemes unconsciously

patriarchy

A social system in which men occupy positions of social, economic, and political power from which women are excluded

etic

A/An __________ explanation of why Hindus in India do not eat cows is that cows are too important to farm labor to be eaten

33%

According the U.S. Census figures, in 2010 the number of Native Americans has reached nearly 2.9 million or about __________ of the estimated pre-European contact population.

seem not to use it in the wild

Chimpanzees and gorillas apparently have a rudimentary capacity for understanding and manipulating symbols but

etic, emic

Anthropologists analyze religious beliefs and rituals using __________ and __________ perspectives, reviewing objective conditions and subjective experiences.

culture

Anthropology focuses on the role of __________ in shaping human behavior

conflict and warfare over land

As Native Americans entered into trade networks, ownership of lands became the trend, which often led to

the feeling of being out of place in unfamiliar surroundings

Culture shock, or __________, is a common problem for anthropologists after they first arrive to do fieldwork.

dominance hierarchies

Evolutionary perspectives on intergroup conflict and conflict resolution emphasize the role of __________ in primate groups.

unilineal descent

Principle of descent in which people define themselves in relation to only one side, either their mother's side or their father's side.

. bilateral descent

Principle of descent in which people think of themselves as related to both their mother's kin and their father's kin at the same time

to impart cultural knowledge

Riddles are used __________ as well as to entertain.

folktales

Secular stories that relate events that teach moral lessons or entertain listeners are

comparative perspective

The __________ in anthropology uses data about the beliefs and behaviors in many societies to document both cultural universals and cultural diversity.

culture

The learned values, beliefs, and rules of conduct shared to some extent by the members of a society that govern their behavior with one another is __________.

stylistic feature

The phrase "once upon a time" is a __________ of English tales.

patrilineal

The slave trade strengthened principles of __________ descent.

symbolic culture

The stereotypical ideas people have about individuals from other countries are examples of

phonetics

The study of the articulation and production of human speech sounds is known as

regard the spirit realm as ever-present and a part of the natural world

The term "supernatural" may not be the most fitting term to describe religion, as some societies