anthropology module C
Which aspect of Native culture is believed to be under the most threat? a) Native languages b) oral traditions c) traditional dances and rituals d) hunting and fishing practices
a) Native languages
Which of the following would NOT be considered a rite of affliction? a) a marriage ceremony b) an exorcism c) a Tarot card reading d) the laying on of hands
a) a marriage ceremony
Which of the following would NOT be considered a rite of intensification? a) baptizing an infant b) attending weekly mass c) praying toward Mecca at marked points throughout the day d) praying the rosary every morning
a) baptizing an infant
Which term describes the belief that everything in the natural world has a spirit? a) polytheism b) anthropomorphism c) animism d) paganism
c) animism
How can anthropology contribute to a better future? a) by studying people's connection with the natural world b) by understanding how humans have survived changing climates in the past c) by educating others about human diversity d) All of the above
d) All of the above
Which of the following has the capacity to shape cultural adaptations, behavior, and health? a) political forces b) social relationships c) physical environments d) all of these
d) all of these
Which term refers to an ethnomedical system largely influenced by and rooted in Western science? a) biomedicine b) ethnomedicine c) pharmacology d) medical anthropology
a) biomedicine
What theory did Claude Lévi-Strauss use to analyze myth? a) structuralism b) hierophany c) communitas d) law of similarity
a) structuralism
Which statement does NOT describe the approach and work of anthropologists? a) Anthropologists approach the study of humans as a dynamic construct. b) Anthropologists embrace the idea that a contemporary solution is nearly always better than one from the past. c) Anthropologists believe that both a scientific and a humanistic approach is important in solving global issues. d) Anthropologists believe that every culture and community should be aware of its power and potential to promote change
b) Anthropologists embrace the idea that a contemporary solution is nearly always better than one from the past.
What was the result of the rulings in the Marshall Trilogy of 1823-1832? a) State governments were given rule over reservations in perpetuity. b) Reservations were determined to be federal territory. c) Tribal peoples were granted self-governance if living on reservations. d) Tribal leaders were provided with a process for filing complaints against the US government in court.
b) Reservations were determined to be federal territory.
Which of the following would NOT be an appropriate setting for anthropological fieldwork? a) a nonprofit human rights organization b) a software company c) an Indigenous village in the Amazon d) a penguin colony in the Antarctic
d) a penguin colony in the Antarctic
Which individual could be described as a priest? a) a full-time practitioner of a state religion b) a part-time practitioner of magic c) a shaman conducting a healing ceremony d) an ancestor spirit appealed to for good fortune
a) a full-time practitioner of a state religion
Some tribes became wealthy through the value of natural resources, such as lumber and oil, located on their land. Which of the following was NOT one of the outcomes? a) a marked and lasting increase in the standard of living for Indigenous people living on reservations b) stories of crime and violence as seen in the Osage Nation murders c) poor management by federal agents resulting in money disappearing d) marriages with outsiders leading to non-tribal ownership of the wealth
a) a marked and lasting increase in the standard of living for Indigenous people living on reservations
Which statement is NOT true of social health? a) It is driven by a complex set of sociocultural factors. b) It may include cultural and political-economic forces. c) It refers specifically to an individual's extended social network. d) It can refer to health at both the individual and the community level.
c) It refers specifically to an individual's extended social network.
Which of the following is a quantitative research method used in medical anthropology? a) clinical observations b) participant observation c) analysis of census data d) interviews with the relatives of those in treatment
c) analysis of census data
Which statement is true of a secular religion? a) It elevates social ideas or qualities to a semidivine state. b) It is an ideal category never realized in a human society. c) It is supported by public funds raised through taxes. d) It refers to societies in which there is no separation between church and state.
a) It elevates social ideas or qualities to a semidivine state.
Which of the following would NOT be a likely area of research for a critical medical anthropologist? a) the religious beliefs of patients in a critical care unit b) the degree to which nutritious food is accessible in low-income neighborhoods c) COVID-19 rates among African Americans and Latinx populations d) the impact of COVID-19 on essential workers
a) the religious beliefs of patients in a critical care unit
Which description BEST defines ethnomedicine? a) the approaches to health embraced by Western medicine b) a society's cultural knowledge about the management of health c) the practices of shamanistic healers d) approaches to healing and wellness that make use of natural materials
b) a society's cultural knowledge about the management of health
Which description BEST defines health? a) a state of being free of disease b) a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being c) alliance with established metrics for biological fitness d) adherence with social standards for wellness
b) a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being
Which term refers to the belief that god can't be known and therefore skepticism is appropriate? a) atheism b) agnosticism c) paganism d) shamanism
b) agnosticism
Which of the following is NOT a qualitative research method used in medical anthropology? a) illness narrative interviews b) analysis of medical statistics c) health decision-making analysis d) participation in a shamanic ritual
b) analysis of medical statistics
Which of the following depends on both biometric and ethnographic data to understand how culture and biology can impact health? a) symbolic interactionism b) biocultural approach c) medical ecology d) qualitative analysis
b) biocultural approach
Which belief denies the existence of a god or multiple gods? a) agnoticism b) shamanism c) atheism d) paganism
c) atheism
How did French sociologist Émile Durkheim define religion? a) Durkheim defined religion from a symbolic and intangible perspective. b) Durkheim defined religion as a manifestation of myth. c) Durkheim defined religion as complex and holistic. d) Durkheim defined religion empirically by focusing on key elements.
d) Durkheim defined religion empirically by focusing on key elements.
What is meant by the term polytheistic religion? a) a religion that attributes power to a unifying, unnamed spirit or force b) a religion that recognizes only a single named god or goddess c) a religion that worships Earth spirits or guardian spirits d) a religion that recognizes multiple gods and goddesses
d) a religion that recognizes multiple gods and goddesses
How did anthropologist Clifford Geertz define religion? a) Geertz defined religion as a system of symbols that established powerful and pervasive emotions that united people who shared the same worldview. b) Geertz took an empirical approach that identified the structure and function of religion. c) Geertz viewed religion as an evolutionary process that became more complex over time. d) Geertz saw religion as largely governed by the mythologies and stories of a culture.
a) Geertz defined religion as a system of symbols that established powerful and pervasive emotions that united people who shared the same worldview.
Recognizing the value of documentation, what did Franz Boas have his students do? a) create life masks of the people they studied b) produce the first ethnographic films c) collect human remains from diverse cultures to be studied in the lab d) measure the skulls of the people they studied
a) create life masks of the people they studied
Which term refers to the use of natural herbs, foods, and other natural substances to treat or heal illness? a) ethnopharmacology b) alternative medicine c) biomedicine d) medical pluralism
a) ethnopharmacology
What is NOT another term for Indigenous peoples? a) immigrant populations b) tribal people c) First Nations d) Native people
a) immigrant populations
Which of the following would NOT be an effective way for a culture to survive when faced with change? a) proceed as if the change isn't happening b) refer to past knowledge and past mistakes c) take a global approach by learning what is working in other cultures d) use ingenuity and innovation to solve problems
a) proceed as if the change isn't happening
Which of the following is NOT one of the anthropological values? a) the encouragement of economic growth b) the dignity of all humans c) the importance of change over time d) cultural relativism
a) the encouragement of economic growth
What is meant by the term blood quantum? a) a Native person with one parent who has at least 50 percent Native heritage b) a genealogical relationship to one's original tribal people c) the lineage of a tribal leader d) a relationship established through marriage
b) a genealogical relationship to one's original tribal people
What is meant by the term monotheistic religion? a) a religion that attributes power to a unifying, unnamed spirit or force b) a religion that recognizes only a single named god or goddess c) a religion that recognizes multiple gods and goddesses d) a religion that worships Earth spirits or guardian spirits
b) a religion that recognizes only a single named god or goddess
What are petroglyphs? a) traditional canoe-building techniques b) drawings that are carved into rock c) patterns of face and body painting d) paintings found on pottery
b) drawings that are carved into rock
Which of the following is NOT considered a likely outcome of the loss of an Indigenous language? a) loss of tribal identity b) loss of permits to run casinos c) loss of the ability for tribal members to communicate with their ancestors d) loss of traditional lifeways and customs
b) loss of permits to run casinos
Which of the following is a multidisciplinary approach that studies the effects of the environment on health? a) syndemics b) medical ecology c) social health d) medical pluralism
b) medical ecology
What does the term none mean in relation to religion? a) people who are members of a very small church b) people who claim no religion affiliation c) missionaries of a religious sect d) people who don't believe in a god
b) people who claim no religion affiliation
Which of the following would NOT be considered an asset in facing current global challenges? a) scientific knowledge about the current issues b) political positions that place the nation at the center c) the ability to harness new technologies d) cultural wisdom and knowledge
b) political positions that place the nation at the center
Which of the following would NOT likely be a cause for concern among tribal scholars? a) ethnographic field notes that are based on biased research practices b) the practice of collaborating with elders when conducting research c) the translation of oral traditions into written language d) a tendency for some anthropologists to alter their findings to fit stereotypical notions
b) the practice of collaborating with elders when conducting research
Which statement is true of animism? a) It is a form of spiritual healing in which humans are understood to take on animal characteristics. b) It is believed to be one of the newer forms of religion, developing after monotheism. c) It is a worldview in which spiritual agency is assigned to all things. d) It is a system of religion in which people choose a specific animal deity to guide their community.
c) It is a worldview in which spiritual agency is assigned to all things.
Which of the following is NOT true regarding the role of myth in religion? a) Creation myths are among the best known and are universal. b) The power of myth depends on its ability to teach important beliefs outside of chronological time. c) The power of myth depends on its ability to portray accurate and true accounts of history. d) The myth often contains cultural heroes whose experiences and lives allow us to identify with them and their challenges
c) The power of myth depends on its ability to portray accurate and true accounts of history.
Which of the following is NOT an accurate description of medical anthropology? a) a fairly new subfield influenced by the holistic approach developed by Franz Boas b) a discipline that can be traced to the late 1970s c) a field of study developed by health care workers in the 19th century d) a discipline that has its roots in the anthropology of religion
c) a field of study developed by health care workers in the 19th century
What term, first introduced by Franz Boas, laid the groundwork for the discipline of anthropology? a) applied anthropology b) ethnosphere c) cultural relativism d) ethnocentrism
c) cultural relativism
Which term refers to unique ways in which a particular culture conceptualizes the manifestations of mental illness? a) cultural concepts of distress b) critical medical anthropology c) culture-bound syndromes d) epigenetics
c) culture-bound syndromes
Which of the following is considered the most advantageous of an anthropologist's skills? a) being able to read a map b) being able to teach scientific approaches to the people they study c) having an attitude of respect and dignity toward diverse people d) understanding primate classification
c) having an attitude of respect and dignity toward diverse people
Anthropologist Geertz states that an anthropological skill set is critical in the 21st century. What would NOT be considered part of this skill set? a) the ability to engage with complex issues and to find solutions b) the ability to think systematically and to understand interrelationships c) the ability to view and judge other cultures through the lens of one's own worldview d) the ability to be flexible and adapt to a changing world
c) the ability to view and judge other cultures through the lens of one's own worldview
Which of the following is NOT an example of othering? a) police giving more attention to murder cases in which the victim is White b) not considering a job candidate because they come from a different cultural background than the interviewer c) the growth of Native Studies programs at the university level d) women receiving less pay than men for the same job
c) the growth of Native Studies programs at the university level
What are "blue zones"? a) populations that rely on coastal ecologies for food and survival b) populations that live the farthest away from the equator c) locations around the world where a large number of people live long lives d) locations around the world where people exhibit elevated levels of red blood cells
d) locations around the world where people exhibit elevated levels of red blood cells
What is the name for a sacred energy field that can adhere for varying periods of time to people, animate objects, and inanimate objects? a) laying on of hands b) shamanism c) spirit d) mana
d) mana
Which term refers to the use of more than one approach to health? a) traditional environmental knowledge b) syndemics c) symbolic interaction d) medical pluralism
d) medical pluralism
What were the "Fish Wars"? a) violent conflicts between different tribes over the right to fish in certain areas b) a protest movement against the treatment of Indigenous peoples in the 1970s c) a series of over 700 lawsuits brought by tribal nations against the federal government d) political and legal battles over whether Indigenous peoples had the right to fish in their usual locations
d) political and legal battles over whether Indigenous peoples had the right to fish in their usual locations
What is the preferred way to refer to a specific Indigenous population in North America? a) American Indians b) as members of minority groups c) Native Americans d) using the official tribal name
d) using the official tribal name
What is meant by the term othering? a) people of mixed heritage b) marriage outside of the tribal community c) one's social circle, excluding those who are considered family d) viewing those from different cultures as inherently different from oneself
d) viewing those from different cultures as inherently different from oneself
