Anthropology study set 1

Which type of anthropologists study primate behavior and also the physical characteristics of ancient and modern humans?

Biological

What are fossils?

Bones or other remains or traces, of ancient life forms

How do the scientific and humanistic approaches to anthropology compare?

Both approaches are useful.

The activity within cultural anthropology that gathers data to provide an account of a particular group, community, society, or culture is called

Ethnography

True or false: Archaeologists use settlement pattern information to make estimates about when a particular site was inhabited.

False

True or false: Fossils include the preserved remains of any object (building, container, tool, pottery, weapon, work of art) made, used, or modified in some way by human beings, which help us to understand how people lived in the past.

False

_____ focuses on the ways in which humans use "of nature influences and is influenced by social organization and cultural values." Multiple choice question.

Human ecology

Anthropology is a(n) ______ science.

Humanistic

Which of the following are proper roles for applied anthropologists?

Identifying needs for change that local people perceive Protecting local people from harmful policies and projects that may threaten them Working with local people to design culturally appropriate and socially sensitive change

Which of the following statements best describes the principle of superposition?

In an undisturbed set of strata, the oldest layer is deepest.

Which of the following best explains why the shift from academic to applied anthropology has benefited the profession?

It has forced anthropologists to consider the wider social value and implications of their research.

Which of the following are accurate statements about ethnography?

It is often descriptive. It is group/community specific. It requires fieldwork to collect data.

Which of the following statements are true of anthropology?

It is the study of the human species around the world and through time.

Which of the following statements are true of anthropology? Multiple select question.

It offers a cross-cultural perspective. It is the study of the human species around the world and through time. It is the study of all societies.

Which of the following are reasons that Bronislaw Malinowski's "practical anthropology" has been abandoned?

Malinowski's practical anthropology focused on Westernization and the diffusion of European culture into tribal societies. Malinowski's practical anthropology legitimized and supported colonialism.

Approximately what percentage of anthropology PhDs today seek nonacademic employment?

More than half

Because of cultural traditions, how do North American girls compare to Brazilian girls?

North American girls tend to do better than Brazilian girls in sports in which they compete as individuals, such as gymnastics and swimming.

What are the stated goals of public anthropology?

Oppose policies that promote injustice To engage with public issues Reframe discussions of key social issues in the media and by public officials

What technique is used by archaeologists to identify ancient roads and canals invisible to the human eye but visible with aerial photos and satellite images using a spectrum invisible to the naked human eye?

Remote sensing

In which of the following situations would an applied anthropologist be least likely to face serious ethical dilemmas?

Susan works as a "cultural interpreter" at a health clinic established to serve low-income patients.

In the methods of archaeology, what is the difference between systematic survey and excavation?

Systematic survey involves gathering information about settlement patterns across a region; excavation involves digging in selected sites.

Clothilde works in cultural resource management. Her client has hired her to assess how best to preserve significant remains in a site on which the client plans to build a parking garage. In her relationship with whom is Clothilde most likely to face an ethical dilemma?

The client

Which of the following statements about hypotheses are accurate?

Their validity is confirmed by testing. They are proposed explanations.

Which of the following statements about hypotheses are accurate?

They are proposed explanations. Their validity is confirmed by testing.

Which of the following is true of the most useful theories?

They help explain many associations and cover multiple cases.

what best describes anthropology's subdisciplines?

They influence each other.

Which of the following statements best describes how archaeologists do their work?

They systematically survey a region and excavate by digging through the layers at archaeological sites.

What did Bronislaw Malinowski believe was the job of the anthropologist?

To make colonial rule work harmoniously

In 1692, a major earthquake caused part of the city of Port Royal, Jamaica, to fall into the Kingston Harbor. ______ archaeologists now study the submerged city.

Underwater

One of the most fundamental assumptions shared by all anthropologists is that

a comparative, cross-cultural approach is essential.

What is the most advanced degree that is usually needed to secure gainful employment in academic, museum, or applied anthropology?

a doctorate

A law is

a generalization that explains all instances of an association.

Which of the following best defines the goal of modern applied anthropology?

a helping profession, designed to assist local people.

The archaeological study of settlement patterns over a large area is known as

a systematic survey.

During the past 10,000 years, the rate of human cultural adaptation has

accelerated.

Practicing, or applied, anthropology uses anthropological data, perspectives, theory, and methods to

address contemporary social problems.

Cultural resource management involves not only preserving some sites but also

allowing insignificant sites to be destroyed.

Language first developed in humans

an unknown time

Which of the following are studied by archaeological anthropologists?

animal bones tools garbage

Associations require that when one thing changes,

another changes

Which of the following are among the four subfields of general anthropology?

anthropological archaeology sociocultural anthropology biological anthropology

Measuring human proportions on skeletal remains from ancient sites as well as among modern human populations is known as

anthropometry.

In order to reconstruct ancient human biological and cultural features, anthropologists study ceramics, casts, metals, tools, and other manufactured items known as

artifacts.

An observed relationship between two or more variables is a(n) Multiple choice question.

association.

The specialty in archaeology known as ______ is the study of human skeletons and associated artifacts, which are used to understand health, diet, and social status differences.

bioarchaeology

Which of the following areas have benefited from the work of applied anthropologists?

business marketing public health

Equal-size sections of a grid in an archaeological excavation are called

collection units.

The term food production refers to the Multiple choice question.

cultivation of plants and domestication of animals

The invention of pressurized airplane cabins equipped with oxygen masks in order to survive at the high altitudes reached during flight is an example of ______ adaptation.

cultural

The subfield of anthropology that describes, analyzes, interprets, and explains social and cultural similarities and differences is ______.

cultural anthropology

When construction sites reveal artifacts, impact studies may be required to assess the historical importance of the site. In this case, "salvage archaeology," also called ______, analyzes what is found at the site.

cultural resource management

The discipline that examines, interprets, and analyzes the results of ethnography is called

ethnology.

The most common way in which archaeologists work locally is

excavation

Digging through layers of deposits at an ancient site is known as

excavation.

The process used in archaeology of digging through a succession of levels at a particular site in order to document changes over time is known as

excavation.

True or false: Adaptation is an entirely cultural process.

false

Some biological anthropologists analyze human remains to provide legal evidence. This special type of anthropology is known as

forensic anthropology.

Cultures are traditions and customs that

form and guide the beliefs and behavior of the people exposed to them.

Which of the following refers to a statement that says that a change in one variable tends to follow or be associated with a change in another variable?

general

Which of the following refers to a statement that says that a change in one variable tends to follow or be associated with a change in another variable?

generalization

The following statement: "When societies have low-protein diets, they tend to have longer postpartum taboos than when the diet is richer in protein" is an example of a(n):

generalization.

In archaeological excavations, collection units are marked off on the site using a ______ that allows researchers to identify the location of any object found at the site.

grid

The researcher studying the postpartum taboo writes, "Why do some societies have long postpartum taboos?" Which step in the scientific method does this describe?

having a research question

Modern applied anthropology is usually seen as a(n) ______ profession designed to assist local people.

helping

Archaeologists who study ancient societies by using written records as guides and supplements to research are referred to as ______ archaeologists.

historical

When archaeologists excavate early colonial settlements in Jamestown, Virginia, this type of archaeology is known as

historical archaeology.

The study of the whole of the human condition is known as

holisim

Test pits are used to determine

how deep a site's deposits go.

According to Clyde Kluckhohn, the imperative for anthropology is to provide a scientific basis for understanding

how diverse people can get along peaceably.

Biological anthropology is the study of ______ in time and space. Multiple choice question.

human biological diversity

The study of ecosystems that include people, focusing on the ways people interact with nature based on cultural values, is known as

human ecology

Which of the following are specialties within biological anthropology?

human genetics paleoanthropology primatology

A suggested but unverified explanation is known as a

hypothesis.

Cultural and linguistic anthropology view creative expression

in their social and cultural context.

Which of the following best explains what biological anthropologists study?

living and recent humans and primates as well as ancient humans and primates

In the study on postpartum taboo, the predictor variable was a

low protein diet

Through enculturation, behavior and thought in a society are

made somewhat consistent.

Which of the following are aspects of linguistic anthropology?

making inferences about universal features of language reconstructing ancient languages studying linguistic differences to discover cultural variations in perception and thought

Sources of information for archaeologists studying sites primarily include

microscopic evidence such as pollen and grains. plant and animal remains, ceramics, and other artifacts.

Anthropology's comparative, biocultural perspective recognizes that cultural forces

mold human biology.

For bioarchaeologists, the remains of taller people can indicate

more fortunate members of a society.

Most generally, adaptation refers to the processes by which

organisms cope with environmental forces and stresses.

What kind of physical anthropologists specialize in the study of human evolution?

paleoanthropologists

Archaeologists study settlement patterns primarily to reveal what kinds of information about prehistoric communities?

population estimates and degrees of social complexity

In order to understand how human behavior differs from the behavior of the animals most similar to humans, some biological anthropologists in the subfield of ______ study animals such as apes, monkeys, and lemurs in their natural rain forest habitats.

primatology

Some anthropologists become involved in electoral campaigns, political administrations, and testifying at government hearings. This is called

public anthropology.

Paleoanthropologists

search for evidence about human origins.

when non-natives' breathing and heart rates increase in mountain highlands, this is an example of ______ adaptation.

short-term physiological

In archaeology, the number of settlement levels is a measure of

social complexity.

As archaeologists excavate the strata or layers at a site, they establish a time sequence for the materials discovered in each layer based on the idea that the lower layers are older than the top layers. This idea is known as

superposition.

Excavation at an archaeological site is usually done in ______ that are used to sample the site to see how deep the deposits go and to establish a rough chronology (time sequence).

test pits

The origin of anthropology as a scientific pursuit can be traced to

the 19th century

When archaeologists excavate at home or abroad and when biological anthropologists conduct research with primates, they must take steps to ensure the protection of the materials, remains, and animals involved. Government agencies and other parties grant permission to these anthropologists by giving

their informed consent.

A framework of logically connected ideas that helps us explain not just one, but many, associations is referred to as a

therory

Public archaeology has been given an important role in evaluating sites

threatened by construction activities.

Cultural resource management focuses on managing the preservation of archaeological sites that are

threatened by modern development.

Anthropological archaeologists reconstruct, describe, and interpret human behavior and cultural patterns mainly

through material remains.

True or false: Anthropologists are highly qualified to suggest, plan, and implement social policy affecting people.

true

True or false: In addition to having links to the natural sciences, anthropology also has links to fields in the humanities.

true

What is the term used to describe the type of archaeology that investigates shipwrecks and sites submerged under the sea?

underwater archaeology