AP 2 Lab 2

During a marathon, which of the following hormones is LEAST LIKELY to be released by the runner?

atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)

Permitting the exchange of nutrients and gases between the blood and tissue cells is the primary function of ________.

capillaries

The baroreceptors in the carotid sinus and aortic arch are sensitive to which of the following?

changes in arterial pressure

In the brain the fluid that filters out of capillaries is highly regulated. You would expect to see ________ feeding the brain.

continuous capillaries, with no intercellular clefts

Where in the body would you find low oxygen levels causing vasoconstriction and high levels causing vasodilation?

lungs

In general, it is expected that ________.

osmotic pressure will remain relatively consistent throughout the capillary bed

Which of the following processes provides a long-term response to changes in blood pressure?

renal regulation

The form of circulatory shock known as hypovolemic shock is ________.

shock that results from large-scale loss of blood volume, or after severe vomiting or diarrhea

The influence of blood vessel diameter on peripheral resistance is ________.

significant because resistance is inversely proportional to the fourth power of the vessel radius

In red bone marrow newly formed blood cells enter the circulation. You would expect to see many ________ type of capillaries in red bone marrow

sinusoid capillaries

These capillaries may be lined with phagocytes that can extend their process into the plasma to catch "prey."

sinusoids

Mechanisms that do NOT help regulate blood pressure include ________.

the dural sinus reflex

The pulse rate depends on all of the following except one. Select the one answer the does NOT affect a pulse rate reading.

the vessel selected to palpate

Which tunic of an artery is most responsible for maintaining blood pressure and continuous blood circulation?

tunica media

Factors that aid venous return include all except ________.

urinary output

Which of the following would have the LEAST influence on blood pressure?

white blood cell count

Mechanisms that do help regulate blood pressure include ________.

1. renal regulation via the renin-angiotensin system of vasoconstriction. 2. chemical controls such as atrial natriuretic peptide 3. nervous control that operates via reflex arcs involving baroreceptors, chemoreceptors, and higher brain centers

Which of the following chemicals effects blood pressure for both the short and long term?

Angiotensin II

If a person has lost a significant amount of blood but still maintains a normal blood pressure it does not necessarily mean that the person is maintaining adequate perfusion. Which of the following BEST explains why this is so?

Blood vessels are constricting causing greater peripheral resistance.

Which of the following is likely during vigorous exercise?

Capillaries of the active muscles will be engorged with blood.

Circulatory shock

Due to inadequate blood flow to meet tissue needs.

The aorta receives the full force of blood exiting the heart during ventricular systole. Which of the following statements BEST describes the adaptive anatomy of the aorta?

Elastic fibers are extensive in the tunica media of the aorta and dampen the pulse pressure generated by the heart.

Select the CORRECT statement about factors that influence blood pressure.

Excess red cell production would cause a blood pressure increase.

Which of the following is NOT true regarding fenestrated capillaries?

Fenestrated capillaries form the blood-brain barrier.

Which of the following BEST describes the benefit of the vasomotion process?

It provides a balance between adequate perfusion to all of the tissues while maintaining blood's pressure.

Each of the following describes the action of aldosterone except one. Which of the following does NOT describe the activity of aldosterone hormone?

It will result in higher sodium levels in the urine.

Secondary hypertension can be caused by ________.

Kidney disease

The velocity and pressure of blood is slowest and lowest in the capillary beds. Which of the following is NOT an accurate description of the benefits of slow, low pressure blood in the capillary beds?

Lower pressure in the capillary bed helps to increase pressure in the venus circulation.

Vascular shock

Normal blood volume but poor circulation due to extreme vasodilation.

Cardiogenic shock

Results from heart inability to sustain adequate circulation due to myocardial damage

Large veins

Site where blood pressure is lowest

Capillaries

Site where exchanges of food and gases are made

Arterioles

Site where resistance to blood flow is greatest

Large veins

Site where the blood volume is greatest

Which of the choices below explains why the arterioles are known as resistance vessels?

The contraction and relaxation of the smooth muscle in their walls can change their diameter.

Which of the following statements is NOT true of the precapillary sphincters?

They decrease the osmotic pressure in the thoroughfare channel.

Which of the following would NOT result in the dilation of the feeder arterioles and opening of the precapillary sphincters in systemic capillary beds?

a local increase in pH

The short-term controls of blood pressure, mediated by the nervous system and bloodborne chemicals, primarily operate via all but which one of the following?

altering blood volume

If a person were to have substantial blood loss you would expect to see all of the following physiological events to occur except one. Select the LEAST LIKELY response to substantial blood loss.

decreased heart rate

A patient with essential hypertension might have pressures of 200/120 mm Hg. This hypertensive state could result in all of the following changes except ________.

decreased size of the heart muscle

Reduction in the concentration of albumin in blood plasma would alter capillary exchange by________.

decreasing colloid osmotic pressure and edema will occur

Arteriolar blood pressure increases in response to all but which one of the following?

falling blood volume

Which of the following would NOT be expected from taking a diuretic drug?

greater stress on the heart to provide adequate perfusion

In general, it is expected that _____.

hydrostatic pressure will drop as blood moves away from the arteriole end of the capillary bed

If a person stands up suddenly from the prone (lying) position they may feel a sudden dizzy or lightheadedness. Which of the following is the LEAST LIKELY physiological response to this situation?

increased parasympathetic nerve impulses to the heart

A drug that restricts the activity of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) would like result in all of the following physiologic changes but one. Which of the following is the LEAST LIKELY to result from a drug blocking ACE activity?

increased thirst and higher blood volume

Which of the following would NOT promote filtration from the arteriole end of the capillary bed?

increasing plasma protein concentration

Which of the following would NOT promote reabsorption from the venous end of the capillary bed?

increasing solute concentration in the nearby interstitial fluid

A person suddenly gaining significant amounts of adipose tissue can expect all of the following physiological changes except one. Which of the following is LEAST LIKELY to occur with a sudden and significant gain in adipose tissue?

lower heart rate and reduced blood flow