ap art history: midterm: multiple choice questions

What feature(s) indicates that Peplos Kore is a depiction of a goddess? a. The Archaic smile and peplos b. Ketan, cape, and diadem c. The subtle movement d. The style of braiding

b. Ketan, cape, and diadem

Jade Cong can be attributed to which of the following prehistoric cultures? a. Neolithic European b. Liangzhu 3. Unkwown Paleolithic 4. Sumerian

b. Liangzhu

The wide range of locations where Lapita terracotta pottery fragments have been found tells us that: a. They were made by a culture that bartered and exchanged their local resources b. They were made by a searing culture with excellent navigational skills. c. They were made by a culture that worshipped animal deities. d. They were made only by a ruling class.

b. They were made by a searing culture with excellent navigational skills.

What is true for both Anavysos Kouros and Peplos Kore? a. They were carved of granite. b. They were originally painted. c. They were small in scale. d. They were made of terracotta.

b. They were originally painted.

What technique does Running Horned Woman utilize? a. Strict Profile b. Twisted perspective c. Linear perspective d. Meander pattern

b. Twisted perspective

The relief sculptures at Persepolis depict: a. Persian battle victories b. a tribunal procession to the king c. a religious narrative d. a hierarchical scale

b. a tribunal procession to the king

Book from the Sky was created to reflect back upon the a. subversive activities of modern governments b. achievements and disappointments of the twentieth century c. multitude of languages spoken in the modern world d. strides is education in recent years

b. achievements and disappointments of the twentieth century

Who were the Tell Asmar figures meant to embody? a. the principle diety b. the one who desired to worship c. the pharaoh d. the Ka of the deceased

b. the one who desired to worship

Helios, Horses, and Dionysos is a sculptural group placed on the pediment of the Parthenon because these figures: a. helped Athena defeat Neptune b. were witnesses to Athena's birth c. are associated with the Athenian king, Erechtheus d. were part of the Panatheniac Procession

b. were witnesses to Athena's birth

Scholars purpose that Stonehenge is a solar and lunar calendar, but it has also been proved that the site was a. The economic center of the village b. A map of the heavens c. A sacred place for death and burial d. The training ground for initiation ceremonies

c. A sacred place for death and burial

The Apollo 11 Stones have been utilized by historians to bring credibility to the theory that Homo Sapiens first developed as a species in a. Asia b. Mesoamerica c. Africa d. The Pacific

c. Africa

Niobides Krater shown can be attributed to which the following ancient cultures? a. Iranian, because of the use of terra cotta b. Egyptian, because of the inclusion of mythological figures c. Greek, because of the use of red figure painting d. Sumerian, because of the scenes of warfare

c. Greek, because of the use of red figure painting

How did the theorized function of the Ambum Stone change over time? a. It was originally used as an offering to ancestors, and then to worship the Christian god. b. It was originally used during rituals, but later on, it was used as a pestle. c. It was originally used as a pestle, and years later, it was used during rituals. d. It was originally used to increase fertility and reproduction, and then it was buried.

c. It was originally used as a pestle, and years later, it was used during rituals.

When considering the context associated with the naming of the Apollo 11 stones one must take into account a. They were the 11th stones found in a cave known the sun worship b. The content was thought to be a son god c. The discovery of the cave coincided with the moon landing d. Namibia was close to known Greek settlement, Apollos

c. The discovery of the cave coincided with the moon landing

b. mortise and tenon construction

To ensure stability of a structural form, an architectural innovation utilized at Stonhenge was the use of a. squinches to support large sarsen lintels b. moritse and tenon construction c. corbelling to create higher vaults d. menhir block-tie construction

The Anavysos Kouros is similar to other Greek kouroi in that it is inspired by: a. Ancient Near Eastern figures b. Egyptian sculptures c. Roman emperors d. Polykleitos's theories

b. Egyptian sculptures

During Akhenaten's rule, there was an apparent shift in the state religion. The shift changed worship from _____ to ______. a. Amun to Aten b. Aten to Amun c. Akhenaten to Aten d. Akhenaten to Amun

a. Amun to Aten

What is a ground line? a. It is the baseline on which figures appear to stand b. It is a measured line on the wall surface c. It is an engraved line on the wall surface d. It is a baseline around which figures appear to move

a. It is the baseline on which figures appear to stand

What is a ground line? a. It is the baseline on which figures appear to stand b. It is measured line on the wall surface c. It is an engraved line on the wall surface d. It is a baseline on which figures appear to move

a. It is the baseline on which figures appear to stand

The image of Athena in the Pergamon Altar differs from that of the Athena sculptures created for the Acropolis at Athens. What marked the artistic change in representations of Athena? a. The death of Alexander the Great, and the Hellenization of surrounding areas b. The burning down of the Apadana of Darius and Xerxes, showing Athena as victories over other cultures c. The fall of Athenian Democracy due to defeat by the Spartans d. The transferal of power and money from the Isle of Delos to Athens itself

a. The death of Alexander the Great, and the Hellenization of surrounding areas

How does the Audience Hall of Darius and Xerxes show a change in the political rule from previous rulers? a. The hall shows the tolerance of multiple cultures through its procession scene. b. The hall mainly highlights the king because he is the focal point. c. The hall proves the authority of the king through representing divine kingship. d. The hall honors noblemen and the military through its columns.

a. The hall shows the tolerance of multiple cultures through its procession scene.

The form of the Apollo 11 stones in keeping with what is known of the hunting and foraging societies is that: a. They are considered portable b. They are permenant and in a sacred space c. Sandstone was the only medium charcoal would adhere to d. Charcoal was their only source of pigment

a. They are considered portable

The unusual anatomical shapes of the Tlatilco female figurines probably indicates a. a cluster of birth defects b. the influence of similar works produced in Southeast Asia c. a reliance on artistic traditions going back to cave paintings d. their placement in ritual centers that emphasized death over life

a. a cluster of birth defects

The Panathenaic Way can be best described as: a. a sacred procession from the Dipylon Gate in the Agora, ending at the Parthenon b. a mythological recreation of Athena's victories c. a ritual religious ceremony, honoring Athen's democratic leaders d. a sacred procession bearing gifts given from Athena to the people of Athens

a. a sacred procession from the Dipylon Gate in the Agora, ending at the Parthenon

Evidence of the swamp-plant origin of stone columns can be seen in columns at Karnak. Which of the following descriptions supports this? a. capitals shaped as lotus or papyrus b. column is shaped as a tightly bound sheaves of swamp plants c. the column shaft has papyrus or lotus plants carved on its surface d. the hieroglyphics indicate the origin of the column

a. capitals shaped as lotus or papyrus

Figures scultped in the round can be defined as a. freestanding b. engraved c. high relief d. low relief

a. freestanding

Which of the following artistic choices enables us to identify the king in the Standard of Ur? a. hierarchy of scale b. expensive materials c. composite view with 3/4 turn d. his seated position on the top register

a. hierarchy of scale

The Jade Cong's material suggests that a. it was most likely reserved for the elite members of society b. it was chosen for its ability to be easily shaped and incised c. it might have represented the cycle of death and then life d. it was ideal for post and lintel construction

a. it was most likely reserved for the elite members of society

The Palette of King Narmer established the convention for state policy represented in art, a policy proclaiming the pharaoh a divine ruler. Which of the following supports this idea? a. larger than life representation of pharaoh b. entwined animals signify his divinity c. pharaoh smiting the enemies of the state d. pharaoh with falcon and bull signify his control of the animal world

a. larger than life representation of pharaoh

The Micronesian Navigation charts show the importance of a. memory as a tool to pass on traditions and stories b. ritual ceremony to celebrate the gods c. elaborate works of art to show status and power d. individual achievements of glory

a. memory as a tool to pass on traditions and stories

In the Archaic period the black-figure style of vase painting was replaced by the __ style. a. red-figure b. Corinthian animal c. white ground lekythos d. incising

a. red-figure

The imagery on the Beaker with Ibex Motifs from Susa demonstrates traditional art-making practices due to the fact that a. some of the designs used can be seen on other agrarian vessels found nearby b. comparable animal imagery is exhibited in numerous local rock paintings c. identical patterns were woven into textiles created for tombs for the elite d. similar compositions were discovered in wall paintings throughout the region

a. some of the designs used can be seen on other agrarian vessels found nearby

The accomplished technical skill displayed on a beaker with ibex motifs in Susa, Iran, provides evidence that around 4000 BCE, a. specialized division of labor within society developed b. artists traveled great distances to find employment c. rare and precious materials were acquired through trade d. huge disparities btwn. rich and poor existed in society

a. specialized division of labor within society developed

The statement "measuring rods and coiled rope." which connotes the ruler's capacity to build social order and render judgments, is best depicted on the: a. stele of Hammurabi b. Standard of Ur c. Mortuary Temple at Hatshepsut d. Apadana of Darius and Xerxes

a. stele of Hammurabi

The laws expressed on the Code of Hammurabi can be summarized as: a. the punishment reflects the crime b. justice depends on your ability to pay c. forgiveness is the highest form of justice d. the only way to deter crime is to use the death penalty

a. the punishment reflects the crime

The important development separating Paleolithic and Neolithic periods is marked by a. the transition from hunter-gantherer societies to agricultural societies b. artwork that was used for actual ritualistic ceremonies c. burial traditions that changed from caves to above ground d. the advancement of communication among villages

a. the transition from hunter-gantherer societies to agricultural societies

The Seated Boxer stirs emotion by depciting the fighter as: a. A vigorous athlete in victory b. A defeated and battered veteran fighter c. A thoughtful and contemplative athlete prior to the fight d. An idealized male figure meant to inspire the masses

b. A defeated and battered veteran fighter

The Parthenon served all of the following uses except: a. A mosque within the Ottoman Empire b. A hospital during WWII c. A Christian church d. A treasury

b. A hospital during WWII

The White Temple at Uruk is oriented to the: a. Orion constellation b. Cardinal points of the compass c. Persian Gulf d. North

b. Cardinal points of the compass

Etruscan funerary art, like the Tomb of the Triclinium, had several purposes. What was the main reason for the tomb? a. Mourning and loss took place in the tombs, where only the family gathered b. Celebrations took place in the tombs, and meals were eaten with the dead c. To bury the dead, and leave them to lay eternally, with no other objects d. It was lavishly painted and left with no body, so only the dead spirit would reside there

b. Celebrations took place in the tombs, and meals were eaten with the dead

The entrances of the Great Pyramids of Gizeh are all facing: a. North b. East c. South d. West

b. East

Lapis lazuli, shells, and red limestone were used to construct the Standard of Ur in ancient Sumeria, definitively demonstrating which of the following? a. an early knowledge of materials best suited for clear musical vibrations in a soundbox b. an extensive trading network between peoples at an early date c. the highly specialized skill of the artist to inlay each of the materials d. the power of the patron to commission such an elaborate work of art

b. an extensive trading network between peoples at an early date

Christo and Jean-Claude's large public works, such as The Gates, were installed a. to evoke nature through intentional color choices b. as temporary installations, to be viewed for only a limited period of time c. in order to offer critique of modern society d. with the hope of encouraging more outdoor physical activity

b. as temporary installations, to be viewed for only a limited period of time

Navigation charts from the Marshall Islands in Micronesia, were assembled a. to accompany sailors setting forth on voyages along the Pacific b. before a voyage in order to memorize patterns of currents, swells and other islands c. to represent and record the major landmarks discovered on neighboring islands d. to represent the stars and constellations and served as a guide along the Pacific

b. before a voyage in order to memorize patterns of currents, swells and other islands

Which of the following was an architectural feature used at Persepolis that seems to have been uniquely Persian? a. large central staircases b. bull capitals c. peripteral colannades d. parapets

b. bull capitals

Christo and Jeanne-Claude create large public works, like the Gates a. by employing skilled artisans b. by enlisting volunteers c. through the assistance of government funding d. using traditional methods and materials

b. by enlisting volunteers

Egyptian art -- with the exception of the Amarna period -- can be described as which of the following? a. fluid and experimental b. conservative and formulaic c. expressive and experimental d. conservative and fleeting

b. conservative and formulaic

The function of the Athenian agora was to a. give athletes space to exercise b. create laws and conduct business c. defend the city against invaders d. hold a council with all the gods

b. create laws and conduct business

The Last Judgement of Hu-Nefer shows the: a. eternal punishment proclaimed upon the damned soul b. deceased being asked to account for the deeds in his life c. might of the pharaoh in deciding life and death d. rules of conduct imposed on the lowly and mighty alike

b. deceased being asked to account for the deeds in his life

Of the following, one of the primary characteristics of Neolithic society is: a. using bronze tools b. domestication of animals c. building houses from megaliths d. cave dwelling

b. domestication of animals

The themes portrayed in the murals that decorated Assyrian palaces were intended to: a. demonstrate the ruler's religiosity b. exalt royal power c. provide a glimpse into the afterlife d. show the royal protection of the king

b. exalt royal power

The emphasis on the anatomy of women portrayed in Prehistoric art suggests early man's interest in a. gold and jewels b. health and fertility c. athletic competitions d. the domestication of animals

b. health and fertility

The regular appearance of ____ distinguishes paintings produced in the Neolithic period from those in the Paleolithic period a. bison b. human figures c. animals d. landscape elements

b. human figures

One of the suggested purposes for Paleolithic cave paintings is thought to have been: a. decoration for the cave b. insurance for the survival of the herd c. the creation myth of the tribal chief d. a record of the previous season's skills

b. insurance for the survival of the herd

The function of the heelstone at Stonehenge is believed to have been a. indicate the center of the henge from a distance b. mark where the sun rose at the summer solstice c. join two posts in the outer ring of sarsen stones d. orient the line of sight towards the slaughter stone for ritual sacrifice

b. mark where the sun rose at the summer solstice

As a demonstration of power, the imagery portrayed on the Palette of Narmer depicts a. man's dominion over nature b. military conquests and unification c. funerary rites and processions d. the implementation of a legal code

b. military conquests and unification

Egyptian sculptors sometimes used sunken relief, as shown in the image, rather than bas-relief, because of all of the following EXCEPT: a. sunken reliefs preserve the contours of the surfaces being carved so that columns still look round b. sunken reliefs are easier to carve, a necessity because Egyptians used soft bronze-age tools to carve into hard stones like greywacke c. sunken reliefs hide the function of columns as supporting elements, emphasizing instead their images and messages d. sunken reliefs cast deep shadows so that the images can be read more clearly in the Egyptian sun

b. sunken reliefs are easier to carve, a necessity because Egyptians used soft bronze-age tools to carve into hard stones like greywacke

Xu Bing drew criticism for his work because a. the importation of foreign materials in to the US without a permit was against the law b. the Communist government thought it held secret subversive ideas c. the content of the work was viewed as shocking and pornographic d. it became a center of religious worship

b. the Communist government thought it held secret subversive ideas

Which of the following architectural innovations provided an enhanced religious experience for visitors walking through the hypostyle hall at the Temple of Amun-Re at Karnak? a. the causeway, which provided an elevated space for approaching the ka statue b. the clerestory, which allowed for the illumination of the central aisle c. the proscenium, which facilitated the performance of elaborate rituals d. the apse, which housed a cult statue of the sun god, Amun-Re

b. the clerestory, which allowed for the illumination of the central aisle

Which of the following aspects of Mesopotamia beliefs is reflected in the Code of Hammurabi? a. the law was the highest authority in the land b. the king's legitimacy to rule was granted by the gods c. the writing system encouraged trade and commerce d. the king's grave was always marked with a stele depicting images of power

b. the king's legitimacy to rule was granted by the gods

Which of the following best describes the historic context in which Akhenaton, Nefertiti and the Three Daughters was produced? a. The capital city was destroyed and massive rebuilding effort began b. The cult of Amun-Re became the most powerful of all the Egyptian gods c. The sun god Aten was recognized to be the most supreme god d. Greek influence lead to a more naturalistic approach to the human body

c. The sun god Aten was recognized to be the most supreme god

Untitled by Cindy Sherman is part of a larger series by the artist. The following can be said of the works in the series except a. The works are self-portraits. b. The works refer to painted masterpieces. c. The works depict feminists. d. The works are photographs.

c. The works depict feminists.

Pictures: Anavysos Kouros, Peplos Kore. In contrast to to the first work, the second work presents a. an eternal ideal b. a specific moment c. a divine figure d. political concerns

c. a divine figure

Most Egyptian frescoes were completed in the "fresco secco" technique, rather than the true, or wet, fresco technique. Which of the following describes one of the drawbacks of the fresco secco technique? a. colors fused to the wall surface b. fresco secco is more durable than true fresco c. colors do not fuse to the wall surface d. application of paint must be done quickly

c. colors do not fuse to the wall surface

Carbon 14 dating is used with works like Apollo 11 Stones to: a. determine the age of stone and other non-organic material b. make matches between free ranging isotopes c. determine the age of organic material d. create elaborate designs using chemical processing

c. determine the age of organic material

Although the cave paintings in the Great Hall of the Bulls at Lascaux were originally interpreted as depictions of hunting scenes, they have more recently been interpreted as paintings intended to: a. warn people about dangerous animals threatening villages b. portray scenes of animal domestication c. document a series of animal-based rituals d. tell a mythic narrative of human origins

c. document a series of animal-based rituals

The exaggeration of the eye size on Sumerian votive sculptures likely symbolizes their: a. mystical visions b. great knowledge and wisdom c. eternal wakefulness d. divine nature

c. eternal wakefulness

Pictures: Anavysos Kouros and Peplos Kore. The first work was originally used as a: a. columnar support b. frieze relief c. grave marker d. pediment decoration

c. grave marker

Which of the following conclusions could be drawn regarding the Athenians perception of themselves based on the Panathenaic Festival freize from the Parthenon? a. deeply devoted to the Perciclean ideal of democracy b. deeply committed to the Delian League c. had high opinions of their own worth d. had high opinions of the Spartans

c. had high opinions of their own worth

Book From the Sky surprised its original Chinese audience because a. it offered spiritual enlightenment b. it rehabilitated Mao Zedong's reputation as a political visionary c. it presented illegible words based upon invented characters d. it encouraged a revival of Daoist attitudes towards nature

c. it presented illegible words based upon invented characters

The Rhinoceros, Wounded Man and Disemboweled bison in the Caves of Lascaux is unique in Paleolithic art due to its depiction of a a. bison b. domesticated animal c. male figure d. figure in movement

c. male figure

Both Ambum Stone and Jade Cong a. were created by migratory herding communities b. had functions that changed with each culture that used it c. reflect their culture's value of the object due to the meticulous nature in which it was crafted d. show the change of artistic creation through the growth of a culture

c. reflect their culture's value of the object due to the meticulous nature in which it was crafted

How does the kneeling statue of Hatshepsut indicate her status as pharaoh? a. she is kneeling in the presence of mortals b. she is holding a papyrus scroll detailing her accomplishments c. she is wearing the royal male nemes headdress d. she is kneeling therefore she was not a pharaoh

c. she is wearing the royal male nemes headdress

The content of the figure shown here shown the culture's interest in a. recalling ancient trade routes b. worshipping their ancestors c. showing strength and power d. using ceremony to create meaning in their culture

c. showing strength and power

The name for the monumental gateway to the citadel of Persepolis, the "Gate of All Nations," is a reference to: a. the harmony of the peoples of the Assyrian empire b. the harmony of the peoples of the Egyptian empire c. the harmony of the peoples of the Persian empire d. the harmony of the peoples of the Greek empire

c. the harmony of the peoples of the Persian empire

Which feature of the Niobides Krater was innovative in its time period? a. the palmette border on both of the top and bottom of the painted scene b. the rendering of some figures in frontal and some in profile c. the placement of figures on different ground lines d. the fine lines indicating musculature

c. the placement of figures on different ground lines

Why did Hellenistic artists add details such as the inlaid eyes, use of inset copper, and incisions to the cast bronze in the sculpture of the Seated Boxer? a. to create an idealized form typical of the Hellenistic period b. to increase the sculpture's economic value c. to enhance the sculpture's life-like quality d. to underscore the figure's non-Greek features

c. to enhance the sculpture's life-like quality

Originally titled the Canon, Polykleitos's Doryphoros reflects the artist's belief that a perfect statue: a. would convey the personality and emotional qualities of the individual b. reached out into the surrounding space c. was constructed according to a mathematical formula d. duplicated Egyptian statues of Pharaohs

c. was constructed according to a mathematical formula

The US Supreme Court, in Washington DC, was modeled after the Parthenon. Why did architects model these buildings after the Parthenon? a. As a symbol of prosperity b. As a symbol of peace c. As a symbol of victory d. As a symbol of democracy

d. As a symbol of democracy

What is the reason that very few bronze sculptures from ancient Greece exist today? a. The Romans replaced the Greek originals with their own marble reproductions. b. Bronze was expensive and rarely used by Greek artists. c. Bronze sculpture is not durable over time. d. Bronze was melted and used for other purposes

d. Bronze was melted and used for other purposes

The convention of allowing a viewer to see animals' heads in profile and the horns from the front is termed: a. High relief b. In Situ c. Abstract depiction d. Composite View

d. Composite View

The location of some the oldest and most well known cave paintings is a. Italy b. England c. Germany d. France

d. France

Why were the Column, Forum, and Marketplace of Trajan constructed? a. Trajan was being thrown out of power, but he wanted the people to remember him. b. He conquered the Etruscans, so it was meant to show his military achievements. c. The Dacians defeated Trajan and put the memorial up to embarrass him. d. He conquered the Dacians, so it was meant to show his military achievements.

d. He conquered the Dacians, so it was meant to show his military achievements

The tradition of depicting figures in isocephalism, an intentional design in which all human heads are placed on the same level from the ground, applied to all the following works EXCEPT the: a. Persepolis Apadana Procession Relief b. Plaque of the Ergastines c. Last Judgment of Hu-Nefer d. Niobides Krater

d. Niobides Krater

Pyramids, were most popular during which of the following periods? a. Predynastic period b. Early Dynastic period c. Middle Kingdom d. Old Kingdom

d. Old Kingdom

The subject of the sculptural friezes of the Great Altar of Pergamon is a. The contest between Poseidon and Athena for the patronage of Athens b. The battle between the Athenians and the Persians c. The Birth of Athena as witnessed by the Olympian gods d. The battle between the Titans and the Olympian Gods

d. The battle between the Titans and the Olympian Gods

All of the following distortions were used in the Parthenon to create the image of perfection except: a. The columns expand near the center b. Right angles are not used c. The platform rises in the center d. The use of multiple entrances

d. The use of multiple entrances

Which of the following does NOT describe the pottery fragments of the Lapita people? a. They have stamped and incised motifs that repeat in very regular patterns. b. Sand was mixed with the clay to make it more durable as it was fired. c. They have been recovered from various sites spanning thousands of miles across the Pacific. d. They were used as currency by European explorers.

d. They were used as currency by European explorers.

Due to evidence from excavating nearby villages from the time period, scholars suggest that the first stage of Stonehenge had: a. a dominant ruler ordered enslaved people from other cultures to build the monument b. people of less social rank were required to help in the building c. an elite group of trained artisans were assigned to design and build the structure d. a fairly egalitarian distribution of people helped in building the site

d. a fairly egalitarian distribution of people helped in building the site

The use of the sacrum to create the shape of a canine from Tequixquiac in central Mexico, may have had a sacred intent based on the concept that the sacrum is seen in other cultures as a. a pivotal bone that supports the human form in motion b. a link to the brain of humans as superior to that of dogs c. the part of the skeletal structure that is closest to the human heart d. a type of second skull where one's life force enters and exits

d. a type of second skull where one's life force enters and exits

The purpose of The Seated Scribe is to: a. illustrate the large retinue the pharaoh had b. show how the pharaoh was literate and intelligent c. indicate how the pharaoh used scribes to write down his deeds d. attend to the pharaoh's needs in the afterlife

d. attend to the pharaoh's needs in the afterlife

Sculpted altars, like the one at Pergamon, were commissioned in many cases to a. show the diversity and individuality of numerous peoples who lived in the Empire b. establish new religious devotions c. initiate a domestic agenda and show strengthened Grecian identity d. commemorate a military victory against invading Barbarian forces

d. commemorate a military victory against invading Barbarian forces

The function of most of the art from Prehistoric times a. must be dismissed as the pieces are just random and were not found in significant places b. can be easily verified by looking at modern cultures and the archaeological record c. is totally unknown, art historians and archaeologists fabricate stories d. is a combination of scientific inquiry and educated guess work

d. is a combination of scientific inquiry and educated guess work

Evidence that the caves of Lascaux had a sacred or ceremonial function, as opposed to a utilitarian or every-day function, can be found in its a. use as a burial site with grave goods b. imagery that suggests narrative content c. numerous votive offerings found within d. location deep within the cave environs

d. location deep within the cave environs

The art of the Amarna period is different from the art of earlier Egyptian periods in that the figures are a. more stiff and tense b. cut away from the stone c. done in relief d. more relaxed and realistic

d. more relaxed and realistic

Prehistoric images of people wearing masks, such as the "Running Horned Woman" indicate an ancient interest in a. coronation of royalty and a sophisticated power structure b. a formal hierarchy of religious leaders, including women c. ceremonial centers and designated performers d. ritual presentations that included painted bodies and dance

d. ritual presentations that included painted bodies and dance

An upright, carved, stone slab used as a marker for an important religious event or individual is referred to as which of the following? a. cong b. beaker c. megalith d. stele

d. stele

What aspect of the Lamassu provides a conceptual narrative? a. the curved horns of the crown b. the delicately carved feathers c. the composite nature of the creature d. the position of the legs

d. the position of the legs

In order to effectively communicate its symbolic function to the inhabitants of a city-state, Sumerian temples, like the White Temple at Uruk, were designed in all of the following ways EXCEPT: a. they were constructed on top of large structures called ziggurats b. they were built in a central location within highly organized city-states c. their corners were oriented towards the cardinal points d. their interiors were enlarged to accommodate congregational worship

d. their interiors were enlarged to accommodate congregational worship

The Jade Cong and Beaker with Ibex Motifs are similar in that both works a. depict abstracted humanoid figures b. are made of ceramic materials c. are representations of cosmological forces d. were found in burial grounds

d. were found in burial grounds