AP Bio Basics

Damage to the cerebellum would most likely result in which of the following problems?

A loss of motor coordination

The area labeled X in the drawing above denotes which of the following structures?

Axon terminals

Which task is primarily a right cerebral hemisphere function in most people?

recognizing faces

People who have experienced severe damage to the frontal lobe of the brain seldom regain their ability to

make and carry out plans

This type of twin is no different genetically than other siblings.

dizygotic

Activation of the parasympathetic nervous system results in which of the following?

A decrease in heart rate

Brain damage that leaves a person capable of understanding speech but with an impaired ability to produce speech most likely indicates injury to which of the following?

Broca's area

A person with damage to Broca's area would most likely demonstrate which of the following symptoms?

Difficulty with speech production

In the figure above, where does the neurotransmitter dopamine have its effect?

E

A participant in a study of music perception listens to music with electrodes attached to her scalp while data are collected on the activity of her brain. This technique is called

electroencephalography (EEG)

The diagram above depicts the human body's

endocrine system

Which stimulates a muscle to contract?

motor neurons

In a split brain patient, the person can tell you what they saw in what visual field?

right

Ben was enjoying a walk in the woods on a beautiful Saturday afternoon. As he went around a curve, he noticed a bear walking toward him. Immediately his pupils dilated, he began to perspire, and his heart accelerated. These changes are most closely related to the function of the

sympathetic nervous system

Of the following, the effect of adrenaline on the body is most similar to the effect of the

sympathetic nervous system

Damage to a small part of the occipital lobe would most likely result in a

visual deficit

Electrically stimulating a rat's amygdala would most likely produce which of the following?

Aggression

Damage to which of the following brain structures may cause the inability to detect the emotional significance of facial expressions, especially those demonstrating fear?

Amygdala

Which of the following allows the examination of living brain tissue visually without performing surgery?

Computerized axial tomography

Juana accidentally touched a hot iron. She immediately drew back her hand. Which of the following is true about the withdrawal of her hand?

It was initiated in the spinal cord.

Scientists are able to see changes in the brain as it process information by means of

PET

Loss of the ability of the brain to produce adequate levels of dopamine often leads to

Parkinson's disease

Which of the following provides information regarding brain function by monitoring the brain at work through metabolism of glucose?

Positron emission tomography (PET)

In which of the following techniques do researchers inject a harmless, radioactive substance into the living human brain to examine activity?

Positron-emission tomography (PET)

Significant damage to which of the following parts of the brain will most likely cause a person to fall into a deep coma from which the person will be unable to awaken?

Reticular formation

If an individual has lost the ability to feel pain in the left arm, there is most likely damage to what area of the brain?

Right parietal lobe

Which part of the nervous system is most immediately activated by sudden fear?

Sympathetic

A person will most likely develop aphasia as a result of damage to which of the following parts of the brain?

Wernicke's area

An individual was admitted to the hospital after experiencing a mild tingling on the right side ofthe face and a sudden inability to speak. Using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), a doctor would likely find

an abnormality in the brain tissue of the left hemisphere

This type of drug blocks a receptor site inhibiting the effect of the neurotransmitter.

antagonist

What is the outer layer of the brain called? Its the center for higher order thought.

cerebral cortex

An individual with damage to Wernicke's area is most likely to have difficulty

comprehending a spoken request for information

The brain scans of people with amnesia are most likely to show damage to the

hippocampus

Mary participates in an exercise program because she experiences an increase in energy and feelings of well-being at the end of each exercise session. The best explanation for Mary's perseverance in the program is that exercise

increases her level of endorphins

Of the following, which are located exclusively in the central nervous system?

interneurons

For most people, speech functions are primarily localized in the

left cerebral hemisphere

Tom had a stroke leaving him not able to sense feeling in his right hand. What part is damaged?

left parietal lobe

Dopamine, norepinephrine, and acetylcholine are all

neurotransmitters that excite or inhibit a neural signal across a synapse

Which system is associated with calming one down after the "fight or flight" response?

parasympathetic

Which of the following gland is considered the master gland?

pituitary

A neuron without axon terminal would be unable to

secrete neurotransmitters to postsynaptic neurons

When a neuron reaches _____, an action potential occurs.

threshold

Paul Broca found that the loss of the ability to speak intelligibly is associated with damage

to the left frontal lobe