AP Bio Chapter 5

28) Which bond is closest to the N-terminus of the molecule?

A)

Use figure 5.8 (http://www.easynotecards.com/uploads/590/5/79565cc4_13a419e1442__8000_00000048.png) 64) Which of the following molecules are structural isomers? A) 1 and 4 B) 5 and 14 C) 6 and 12 D) 12 and 13 E) 14 and 15

A) 1 and 4

77) Which of the following molecules has (have) a functional group that frequently is involved in maintaining the tertiary structure of a protein? A) 2 B) 3 C) 9 D) 11 E) 9 and 11

A) 2

48) Which of the following best describes the flow of information in eukaryotic cells? A) DNA → RNA → proteins B) RNA → proteins → DNA C) proteins → DNA → RNA D) RNA → DNA → proteins E) DNA → proteins → RNA

A) DNA → RNA → proteins

3) Which of the following best summarizes the relationship between dehydration reactions and hydrolysis? A) Dehydration reactions assemble polymers, and hydrolysis breaks down polymers. B) Hydrolysis only occurs in the urinary system, and dehydration reactions only occur in the digestive tract. C) Dehydration reactions can occur only after hydrolysis. D) Hydrolysis creates monomers, and dehydration reactions break down polymers. E) A and C are correct.

A) Dehydration reactions assemble polymers, and hydrolysis breaks down polymers.

9) Which of the following is true of both starch and cellulose? A) They are both polymers of glucose. B) They are geometric isomers of each other. C) They can both be digested by humans. D) They are both used for energy storage in plants. E) They are both structural components of the plant cell wall.

A) They are both polymers of glucose

16) What is the molecule illustrated in Figure 5.2 (https://worldofbiochem.files.wordpress.com/2014/03/stearic.jpg) ? A) a saturated fatty acid B) an unsaturated fatty acid C) a polyunsaturated triacylglyceride D) a trans polyunsaturated triacylglyceride E) a steroid similar to cholesterol

A) a saturated fatty acid

62) Large organic molecules are usually assembled by polymerization of a few kinds of simple subunits. Which of the following is an exception to this statement? A) a steroid B) cellulose C) DNA D) an enzyme E) a contractile protein

A) a steroid

4) A molecule with the chemical formula C16H32O16 is probably a A) carbohydrate. B) lipid. C) protein. D) nucleic acid. E) hydrocarbon.

A) carbohydrate

1) Which of the following is not one of the four major groups of macromolecules found in living organisms? A) glucose B) carbohydrates C) lipids D) proteins E) nucleic acids

A) glucose

31) Which bonds are created during the formation of the primary structure of a protein? A) peptide bonds B) hydrogen bonds C) disulfide bonds D) phosphodiester bonds E) A, B, and C

A) peptide bonds

5) If 128 molecules of the general type shown in Figure 5.1 (http://www.easynotecards.com/uploads/577/91/79565cc4_13a419e1442__8000_00000035.png) were covalently joined together in sequence, the single molecule that would result would be a A) polysaccharide. B) polypeptide. C) polyunsaturated lipid. D) monosaccharide

A) polysaccharide

23) The bonding of two amino acid molecules to form a larger molecule requires which of the following? A) removal of a water molecule B) addition of a water molecule C) formation of an ionic bond D) formation of a hydrogen bond E) both A and C

A) removal of a water molecule

36) Figure 5.7 best illustrates the A) secondary structure of a polypeptide. B) tertiary structure of a polypeptide. C) quaternary structure of a protein. D) double helix structure of DNA. E) primary structure of a polysaccharide.

A) secondary structure of a polypeptide

53) A double-stranded DNA molecule contains a total of 120 purines and 120 pyrimidines. This DNA molecule could be comprised of A) 120 adenine and 120 uracil molecules. B) 120 thymine and 120 adenine molecules. C) 120 cytosine and 120 thymine molecules. D) 240 adenine and 240 cytosine molecules. E) 240 guanine and 240 thymine molecules

B) 120 thymine and 120 adenine molecules

70) Which of the following molecules act as building blocks (monomers) of polypeptides? A) 1, 4, and 6 B) 2, 7, and 8 C) 7, 8, and 13 D) 11, 12, and 13 E) 12, 13, and 15

B) 2, 7, and 8

58) If one strand of a DNA molecule has the sequence of bases 5'ATTGCA3', the other complementary strand would have the sequence A) 5'TAACGT3'. B) 3'TAACGT5'. C) 5'UAACGU3'. D) 3'UAACGU5'. E) 5'UGCAAU3'.

B) 3'TAACGT5'.

78) Which of the following molecules consists of a hydrophilic "head" region and a hydrophobic "tail" region? A) 2 B) 5 C) 7 D) 9 E) 11

B) 5

40) The R group or side chain of the amino acid serine is -CH2-OH. The R group or side chain of the amino acid alanine is -CH3. Where would you expect to find these amino acids in a globular protein in aqueous solution? A) Serine would be in the interior, and alanine would be on the exterior of the globular protein. B) Alanine would be in the interior, and serine would be on the exterior of the globular protein. C) Both serine and alanine would be in the interior of the globular protein. D) Both serine and alanine would be on the exterior of the globular protein. E) Both serine and alanine would be in the interior and on the exterior of the globular protein.

B) Alanine would be in the interior, and serine would be on the exterior of the globular protein

24) Polysaccharides, lipids, and proteins are similar in that they A) are synthesized from monomers by the process of hydrolysis. B) are synthesized from monomers by dehydration reactions. C) are synthesized as a result of peptide bond formation between monomers. D) are decomposed into their subunits by dehydration reactions. E) all contain nitrogen in their monomer building blocks.

B) are synthesized from monomers by dehydration reactions

46) What is the term used for a protein molecule that assists in the proper folding of other proteins? A) tertiary protein B) chaperonin C) enzyme protein D) renaturing protein E) denaturing protein

B) chaperonin

59) The structural feature that allows DNA to replicate is the A) sugar-phosphate backbone. B) complementary pairing of the nitrogenous bases. C) disulfide bonding (bridging) of the two helixes. D) twisting of the molecule to form an α helix. E) three-component structure of the nucleotides.

B) complementary pairing of the nitrogenous bases

50) Which of the following are nitrogenous bases of the pyrimidine type? A) guanine and adenine B) cytosine and uracil C) thymine and guanine D) ribose and deoxyribose E) adenine and thymine

B) cytosine and uracil

47) Of the following functions, the major purpose of RNA is to A) transmit genetic information to offspring. B) function in the synthesis of protein. C) make a copy of itself, thus ensuring genetic continuity. D) act as a pattern or blueprint to form DNA. E) form the genes of higher organisms.

B) function in the synthesis of protein

51) Which of the following are nitrogenous bases of the purine type? A) cytosine and guanine B) guanine and adenine C) adenine and thymine D) thymine and uracil E) uracil and cytosine

B) guanine and adenine

32) What maintains the secondary structure of a protein? A) peptide bonds B) hydrogen bonds C) disulfide bonds D) ionic bonds E) phosphodiester bonds

B) hydrogen bonds

60) A new organism is discovered in the forests of Costa Rica. Scientists there determine that the polypeptide sequence of hemoglobin from the new organism has 72 amino acid differences from humans, 65 differences from a gibbon, 49 differences from a rat, and 5 differences from a frog. These data suggest that the new organism A) is more closely related to humans than to frogs. B) is more closely related to frogs than to humans. C) may have evolved from gibbons but not rats. D) is more closely related to humans than to rats. E) may have evolved from rats but not from humans and gibbons.

B) is more closely related to frogs than to humans

12) A molecule with the formula C18H36O2 is probably a A) carbohydrate. B) lipid. C) protein. D) nucleic acid. E) hydrocarbon.

B) lipid

14) Triacylglycerol is a A) protein with tertiary structure. B) lipid made with three fatty acids and glycerol. C) lipid that makes up much of the plasma membrane. D) molecule formed from three alcohols by dehydration reactions. E) carbohydrate with three sugars joined together by glycosidic linkages.

B) lipid made with three fatty acids and glycerol

22) The chemical reaction illustrated in Figure 5.5 (http://www.easynotecards.com/uploads/583/97/79565cc4_13a419e1442__8000_00000041.png) results in the formation of a (an) A) ionic bond. B) peptide bond. C) glycosidic linkage. D) ester linkage. E) phosphodiester linkage

B) peptide bond

34) The α helix and the β pleated sheet are both common polypeptide forms found in which level of protein structure? A) primary B) secondary C) tertiary D) quaternary E) all of the above

B) secondary

73) A fat (or triacylglycerol) would be formed as a result of a dehydration reaction between A) one molecule of 9 and three molecules of 10. B) three molecules of 9 and one molecule of 10. C) one molecule of 5 and three molecules of 9. D) three molecules of 5 and one molecule of 9. E) one molecule of 5 and three molecules of 10.

B) three molecules of 9 and one molecule of 10

27-29 - use figure 5.6 (http://www.easynotecards.com/uploads/585/0/79565cc4_13a419e1442__8000_00000043.png) 27) At which bond would water need to be added to achieve hydrolysis of the peptide, back to its component amino acid?

C)

71) Which of the following molecules is an amino acid with a hydrophobic R group or side chain? A) 3 B) 5 C) 7 D) 8 E) 12

C)

26) Upon chemical analysis, a particular protein was found to contain 556 amino acids. How many peptide bonds are present in this protein? A) 139 B) 554 C) 555 D) 556 E) 558

C) 555

6) Consider a polysaccharide consisting of 576 glucose molecules. The total hydrolysis of the polysaccharide would result in the production of A) 575 glucose molecules. B) 575 water molecules. C) 576 glucose molecules. D) A and B only E) B and C only

C) 576 glucose molecules

72) Which of the following molecules could be joined together by a peptide bond as a result of a dehydration reaction? A) 2 and 3 B) 3 and 7 C) 7 and 8 D) 8 and 9 E) 12 and 13

C) 7 and 8

55) Which of the following statements best summarizes the structural differences between DNA and RNA? A) RNA is a protein, whereas DNA is a nucleic acid. B) DNA is a protein, whereas RNA is a nucleic acid. C) DNA nucleotides contain a different sugar than RNA nucleotides. D) RNA is a double helix, but DNA is single-stranded. E) A and D are correct

C) DNA nucleotides contain a different sugar than RNA nucleotides

49) Which of the following descriptions best fits the class of molecules known as nucleotides? A) a nitrogenous base and a phosphate group B) a nitrogenous base and a pentose sugar C) a nitrogenous base, a phosphate group, and a pentose sugar D) a phosphate group and an adenine or uracil E) a pentose sugar and a purine or pyrimidine

C) a nitrogenous base, a phosphate group, and a pentose sugar

57) The two strands making up the DNA double helix molecule A) cannot be separated. B) contain ribose and deoxyribose in opposite strands. C) are held together by hydrogen bonds. D) are attached through a phosphate to hold the strands together. E) contain uracil but not thymine

C) are held together by hydrogen bonds

15) Saturated fatty acids A) are the predominant fatty acid in corn oil. B) have double bonds between carbon atoms of the fatty acids. C) have a higher ratio of hydrogen to carbon than do unsaturated fatty acids. D) are usually liquid at room temperature. E) are usually produced by plants.

C) have a higher ratio of hydrogen to carbon than do other unsaturated fatty acids.

11) Humans can digest starch but not cellulose because A) the monomer of starch is glucose, while the monomer of cellulose is galactose. B) humans have enzymes that can hydrolyze the beta (β) glycosidic linkages of starch but not the alpha (α) glycosidic linkages of cellulose. C) humans have enzymes that can hydrolyze the alpha (α) glycosidic linkages of starch but not the beta (β) glycosidic linkages of cellulose. D) humans harbor starch-digesting bacteria in the digestive tract. E) the monomer of starch is glucose, while the monomer of cellulose is maltose.

C) humans have enzymes that can hydrolyze the alpha (α) glycosidic linkages of starch but not the beta (β)

21) The 20 different amino acids found in polypeptides exhibit different chemical and physical properties because of different A) carboxyl groups attached to an alpha (α) carbon B) amino groups attached to an alpha (α) carbon C) side chains (R groups). D) alpha (α) carbons. E) asymmetric carbons

C) side chains (R groups)

39) At which level of protein structure are interactions between the side chains (R groups) most important? A) primary B) secondary C) tertiary D) quaternary E) all of the above

C) tertiary

2) Polymers of polysaccharides, fats, and proteins are all synthesized from monomers by which process? A) connecting monosaccharides together (condensation reactions) B) the addition of water to each monomer (hydrolysis) C) the removal of water (dehydration reactions) D) ionic bonding of the monomers E) the formation of disulfide bridges between monomers

C) the removal of water (dehydration reactions)

37) The tertiary structure of a protein is the A) bonding together of several polypeptide chains by weak bonds. B) order in which amino acids are joined in a polypeptide chain. C) unique three-dimensional shape of the fully folded polypeptide. D) organization of a polypeptide chain into an α helix or β pleated sheet. E) overall protein structure resulting from the aggregation of two or more polypeptide subunits.

C) unique three-dimensional shape of the fully folded polypeptide

52) All of the following nitrogenous bases are found in DNA except A) thymine. B) adenine. C) uracil. D) guanine. E) cytosine.

C) uracil

74) Which of the following molecules could be joined together by a phosphodiester type of covalent bond? A) 3 and 4 B) 3 and 8 C) 6 and 15 D) 11 and 12 E) 11 and 13

D) 11 and 12

65) Which of the following combinations could be linked together to form a nucleotide? A) 1, 2, and 11 B) 3, 7, and 8 C) 5, 9, and 10 D) 11, 12, and 13 E) 12, 14, and 15

D) 11, 12, and 13

75) Which of the following molecules is the pentose sugar found in RNA? A) 1 B) 4 C) 6 D) 12 E) 13

D) 12

33) Which type of interaction stabilizes the alpha (α) helix and the beta (β) pleated sheet structures of proteins? A) hydrophobic interactions B) nonpolar covalent bonds C) ionic bonds D) hydrogen bonds E) peptide bonds

D) Hydrogen bonds

10) Which of the following is true of cellulose? A) It is a polymer composed of sucrose monomers. B) It is a storage polysaccharide for energy in plant cells. C) It is a storage polysaccharide for energy in animal cells. D) It is a major structural component of plant cell walls. E) It is a major structural component of animal cell plasma membranes

D) It is a major structural component of plant cell walls.

7) Lactose, a sugar in milk, is composed of one glucose molecule joined by a glycosidic linkage to one galactose molecule. How is lactose classified? A) as a pentose B) as a hexose C) as a monosaccharide D) as a disaccharide E) as a polysaccharide

D) as a disaccharide

38) A strong covalent bond between amino acids that functions in maintaining a polypeptide's specific threedimensional shape is a (an) A) ionic bond. B) hydrophobic interaction. C) van der Waals interaction. D) disulfide bond. E) hydrogen bond

D) disulfide bond

41) The globular protein transthyretin results from the aggregation of four polypeptide subunits. Each of the subunits is a polypeptide chain with an α helix region. Which structure(s) must the transthyretin protein have? A) primary structure B) primary and secondary structure C) primary, secondary, and tertiary structure D) primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structure E) primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary, and alpha structure

D) primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structure

61) Which of the following is an example of hydrolysis? A) the reaction of two monosaccharides, forming a disaccharide with the release of water B) the synthesis of two amino acids, forming a peptide with the release of water C) the reaction of a fat, forming glycerol and fatty acids with the release of water D) the reaction of a fat, forming glycerol and fatty acids with the utilization of water E) the synthesis of a nucleotide from a phosphate, a pentose sugar, and a nitrogenous base with the production of a molecule of water

D) the reaction of a fat, forming glycerol and fatty acids with the utilization of wate

35) Figure 5.7 (http://www.easynotecards.com/uploads/587/2/79565cc4_13a419e1442__8000_00000045.png) shows the A) 1-4 linkage of the α glucose monomers of starch. B) 1-4 linkage of the β glucose monomers of cellulose. C) double helical structure of a DNA molecule. D) α helix secondary structure of a polypeptide. E) β pleated sheet secondary structure of a polypeptide

D) α helix secondary structure of a polypeptide.

29) Which bond is closest to the C-terminus of the molecule?

E)

66) Which of the following molecules contain(s) an aldehyde type of carbonyl functional group? A) 1 B) 4 C) 8 D) 10 E) 1 and 4

E) 1 and 4

69) Which of the following molecules is a purine type of nitrogenous base? A) 2 B) 3 C) 5 D) 12 E) 13

E) 13

79) Which of the following statements is false? A) 1 and 4 could be joined together by a glycosidic linkage to form a disaccharide. B) 9 and 10 could be joined together by ester bonds to form a triacylglycerol. C) 2 and 7 could be joined together to form a short peptide. D) 2, 7, and 8 could be joined together to form a short peptide. E) 14 and 15 could be joined together to form a polypeptide.

E) 14 and 15 could be joined together to form a polypeptide

76) Which of the following molecules contains a glycosidic linkage type of covalent bond? A) 4 B) 6 C) 12 D) 13 E) 15

E) 15

30) How many different kinds of polypeptides, each composed of 12 amino acids, could be synthesized using the 20 common amino acids? A) 4^12 B) 12^20 C) 12^5 D) 20 E) 20^12

E) 20^12

68) Which of the following molecules is a saturated fatty acid? A) 1 B) 5 C) 6 D) 8 E) 9

E) 9

18) The hydrogenation of vegetable oil would result in which of the following? A) a decrease in the number of carbon-carbon double bonds in the oil (fat) molecules B) an increase in the number of hydrogen atoms in the oil (fat) molecule C) the oil (fat) being a solid at room temperature D) A and C only E) A, B, and C

E) A, B, and C

25) Dehydration reactions are used in forming which of the following compounds? A) triacylglycerides B) polysaccharides C) proteins D) A and C only E) A, B, and C

E) A, B, and C

8) Which of the following are polysaccharides? A) glycogen B) starch C) chitin D) A and B only E) A, B, and C

E) A, B, and C

13) Which of the following is (are) true for the class of large biological molecules known as lipids? A) They are insoluble in water. B) They are an important constituent of cell membranes. C) They contain twice as much energy as an equivalent weight of polysaccharide. D) Only A and B are correct. E) A, B, and C are correct.

E) A, B, and C are correct

42) What would be an unexpected consequence of changing one amino acid in a protein consisting of 325 amino acids? A) The primary structure of the protein would be changed. B) The tertiary structure of the protein might be changed. C) The biological activity or function of the protein might be altered. D) Only A and C are correct. E) A, B, and C are correct.

E) A, B, and C are correct

43) Altering which of the following levels of structural organization could change the function of a protein? A) primary B) secondary C) tertiary D) quaternary E) all of the above

E) all of the above

67) Which of the following molecules is (are) a carbohydrate? A) 1 and 4 B) 6 C) 12 D) 5 and 14 E) all of the above

E) all of the above

54) The difference between the sugar in DNA and the sugar in RNA is that the sugar in DNA A) is a six-carbon sugar and the sugar in RNA is a five-carbon sugar. B) can form a double-stranded molecule. C) has a six-member ring of carbon and nitrogen atoms. D) can attach to a phosphate. E) contains one less oxygen atom.

E) contains one less oxygen atom.

45) What is the term used for a change in a protein's three-dimensional shape or conformation due to disruption of hydrogen bonds, disulfide bridges, or ionic bonds? A) hydrolysis B) stabilization C) destabilization D) renaturation E) denaturation

E) denaturation

44) All of the following molecules are proteins except A) hemoglobin. B) transthyretin. C) collagen. D) lysozyme. E) glycogen

E) glycogen

56) In the double helix structure of nucleic acids, cytosine hydrogen bonds to A) deoxyribose. B) ribose. C) adenine. D) thymine. E) guanine.

E) guanine

63) The element nitrogen is present in all of the following except A) proteins. B) nucleic acids. C) amino acids. D) DNA. E) monosaccharides.

E) monosaccharides

20) A polypeptide can best be described as a A) monomer of a protein polymer. B) polymer containing 20 amino acid molecules. C) polymer containing 19 peptide bonds. D) polymer containing 20 peptide bonds. E) polymer of amino acids.

E) polymer of amino acids

19) What is the structure shown in Figure 5.4 (http://www.easynotecards.com/uploads/582/96/79565cc4_13a419e1442__8000_00000040.png) ? A) starch molecule B) protein molecule C) steroid molecule D) cellulose molecule E) phospholipid molecule

E) steroid molecule

17) The molecule shown in Figure 5.3 (http://www.longevinst.org/images/linoleic.gif) is a A) polysaccharide. B) polypeptide. C) saturated fatty acid. D) triacylglycerol. E) unsaturated fatty acid.

E) unsaturated fatty acid