AP BIO FINAL

if 28% of the nucleotides in a single-stranded RNA molecule are adenine, then what % are expected to be thymine?

0%

Carbon dioxide (CO2) is readily soluble in water, according to the equation CO, + H,0 +* H,COy. Carbonic acid (H,CO,) is a weak acid. Respiring cells release CO, into the bloodstream. What will be the effect on the pH of blood as that blood first comes in contact with respiring cells?

Blood pH will decrease slightly

A small protein is composed of 110 amino acids linked together in a chain. As shown in Figure 1 the first and last five amino acids in the chain are hydrophobic (have nonpolar and uncharged R - groups) , whereas the remaining 100 amino acids are hydrophilic (have charged or polar R - groups) . The nature of the R - group determines if the amino acid is hydrophobic or hydrophilic. A mutation results in the production of a version of the small protein that is only 105 amino acids long, as shown in Figure 2. Five of the hydrophobic amino acids are missing from one end of the chain. Which of the following best depicts the tertiary structures of the two proteins in water? The diagrams in the options are not drawn to the same scale as those in Figure 1 and Figure 2.

C

The figure below shows a series of microscope images taken over time of ovalbumin production chick oviduct cells in response to stimulation with estrogen The ovalbumin protein was detected using a fluorescent dye as shown by the white areas in the time - lapse sequence . The microscope images indicate that ovalbumin

Crosses the ER membrane and as it is translated then moves to the golgi then to the vesicles from which it is secreted

The unity among all organisms is best demonstrated by which of the following:

DNA structure and function

A mutation that interrupts the ability to add modification to proteins, would cause defects in which cell structure(s)?

Golgi apparatus and extracellular matrix

A researcher measured the temperature at which two different samples of double - stranded DNA denature ( separate into single strands ) . Sample 1 denatured at a significantly lower temperature than sample 2 did . Based on the data , the researcher claims that the DNA in sample 2 is composed of a higher percentage of guanine and cytosine than the DNA in sample 1 is . Which of the following best supports the researcher's claim ?

Guanine - cytosine pairs denature at a higher temperature because they have more hydrogen bonds between them than adenine - thymine pairs do .

Which statement best describes how the properties of water enable Gerridae to stride on the water's surface?

Hydrogen bonds between the molecules at the surface of the water provide surface tension which allows the water surface to deform but not break under the insect

The Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator ( CFTR ) protein consists of 1,480 amino acids linked together . Some humans produce a version of the CFTR protein in which an amino acid has been deleted from position 508 of the polypeptide chain . Which of the following best predicts the impact that the amino acid deletion will have on the structure of the CFTR protein ?

It will affect the primary, secondary, and tertiary structures of the CFTR protein

In an animal cell receiving the signal to initiate apoptosis which statement reflects the process that is likely 2 occur

Lysosomes will release digestive enzymes into the cytosol

In an experiment, bacteriophages were labeled with either radioactive phosphorus or radioactive sulfur. The labeled bacteriophages were incubated with bacteria for a brief amount of time and then removed. The infected bacteria cells were found to contain significant amounts of radioactive phosphorus but not radioactive sulfur. Based on the results of the experiment, which of the following types of molecules did the bacteriophages most likely inject into the bacteria cells?

Nucleic Acid

The most common form of cystic fibrosis , a fatal genetic disease , occurs when a protein destined for the plasma membrane of the cell is destroyed . The protein is destroyed by one of the cell's organelles because the protein is not shaped correctly . Which organelle recognizes the misshaped protein ?

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Site of the glucose synthesis

Structure B

The diagram below illustrates a model of the exchange of matter between the plants , fish , and bacteria that live together in an aquarium Which statements best describes how the plant obtains nutrients in this environment ?

The ammonia molecules released by the fish are converted by the bacteria to nitrates, which are used by the plants to make proteins and nucleic acids

A spherical bacterial cell has a radius of 3pm . The human egg cell has a radius of 100pm . Which statement correctly indicates the cell that is able to more efficiently exchange materials with the external environment and provides a correct explanation ?

The bacterial cell, because it has the largest surface to volume ratio

The carbohydrates glucose , galactose , and fructose have the same chemical formula ( C , H , O ) but different structural formulas , as represented in the figure . Which of the following statements about glucose , galactose and fructose is most likely true ?

The carbohydrates have different properties because they have different arrangements of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms

Researchers compared similar proteins from related organisms in different habitats . They found that the proteins from organisms living in harsh environments had a greater number of cysteine amino acids than did proteins from organisms not living in harsh environments . The structure of cysteine is shown . Bonds can form between the sulfur atom of different cysteine amino acids ( S - S bonds ) . Which of the following best describes the effect of a greater number of cysteine amino acids on the stability of the proteins ?

The change leads to increased protein stability because of an increased number of S - S bonds in the tertiary structure of the proteins

The figure below illustrates a nucleic acid fragment that consists of four linked nucleotides . Which characteristic best justifies that the fragment is RNA not DNA ?

The identity of each nitrogenous base

Which statement explains how the bond shown in the diagram below forms ?

The nitrogen has a partial negative charge, and the hydrogen attached to the oxygen has a partial positive charge

The structure of carbohydrates is best described by which of the following descriptions?

They occur as monomers, chains of monomers, and branched structures

All of the following are weak molecular interactions, except:

a covalent bond

The cellular pH of cytoplasm is normally about 7, while the pH of the mitochondrial matrix is 8, this means that the:

concentration of hydrogen ions is tenfold higher in the cytoplasm than in the mitochondrial matrix

A supplement developed for triathlon participants contains the following elements only C, H, and O. You can conclude

the food may contain carbohydrates and lipids, but not protein