Ap bio midterm

The contents of which dialysis tube are initially isotonic to the distilled water in the beaker?

5 distilled

And experiment to measure the rate of respiration and crickets and mice at 10°C and 25°C was performed using a respirometer... During aerobic cellular respiration oxygen gas is consumed at the same rate as carbon dioxide gas is produced. in order to provide accurate volumetric measurements of oxygen gas consumption , the experimental set up should include which of the following?

A substance that removes carbon dioxide gas

What is the most likely identity of protein x?

And enzyme that participates in the degradation and recycling of cell components

Alcohol dehydrogenase is an enzyme that aids in the decomposition of ethyl alcohol into non toxic substances... Which of the following statements best predicts the effects of increasing the concentration of substrate while keeping the concentration of the inhibitor constant?

Competitive inhibition will decrease because the proportion of the active sites occupied by substrate will increase.

Based on the results of the experiment, which of the following types of molecules did the bacteriophages most likely inject into the bacteria cells?

DNA

A cell is treated with a drug that prevents the formation of new lysosomes...hydrolytic enzymes are most likely to accumulate in which of the following cellular structures?

Golgi Complex

Which of the following subcellular structures is likely to be more prominent in liver cells than in adipose cells?

Golgi apparatus

The illustration shows active transport of hydrogen ions through a membrane protein. Which of the following best predicts the effect of not having atp available to supply energy to this process?

H+ ions will stop moving through the protein

Based on Figure 1, which of the following best describes how the properties of water at an air-water interface enable an insect to walk on the water's surface?

Hydrogen bonds between molecules at the surface of the water provide surface tension, which allows the water surface to deform but not break under the insect.

Of the following which additional investigation can be used to determine when the cells are in an isotonic solution?

Increasing the salinity of the environment a little at a time until the ATP usage reaches a minimum.

The transport of a substance across a plasma membrane of a specific organelle requires energy... Which procedure should be done next to gather data needed to meet the scientist objective?

Incubate samples containing 1 of ATP at four temperatures other than 25°C

Which of the following questions will best direct an investigation of the mechanism of ATP synthase

Is the phosphorylation of ADP by ATP synthase dependent on the formation of a proton gradient?

amylase is a protein that catalyzes the conversion of starch to simple sugars... Which of the following statements best justifies the inclusion of test tube V as a control in the experiment?

It will show the color change that occurs in the absence of enzyme activity

Contains hydrolytic enzymes associated with the intracellular digestion of macromolecules

Lysosome

In chloroplasts, ATP is synthesized from ADP plus inorganic phosphate In a reaction catalyzed by ATP synthase models that are embedded in the thylakoid membrane. Which of the following statements provides evidence to support the claim that no ATP will be synthesized in the absence of a proton gradient across the thylakoid membrane?

No ATP is synthesized when channel proteins that allow the free passage of protons are inserted into the thylakoid membrane.

Which of the following conclusions is most clearly supported by the representations of nucleic acid #1 and nucleic acid #2?

Nucleic acid #1 contains adenine-thymine base pairs, whereas nucleic acid #2 does not.

Which of the following provides evidence to best support the researchers claim? (Cell engulfing a smaller cell)

Organelle has double membrane

Which of the following statements best describes how organisms such as rabbits obtain the carbon necessary for building biological molecules?

Rabbits eat plants and break down plant molecules to obtain carbon and other atoms that they rearrange into new carbon-containing molecules

Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells generally have which of the following features in common

Ribosomes

In graphing the data from this experiment the sampling time would be shown on the x axis because

Sampling time is the independent variable

A student formulated a hypothesis that water soluble pollutants damage living organisms by increasing the permeability of cellular membranes. Which of the following is the D pendant variable in this experiment?

The absorbance of 460nm light by the treatment solutions

In addition to the pigments commonly associated with photosynthesis a certain photosynthetic species contains two additional pigment types .which of the following best supports the claim that the species is better adapted to environmental change than other photosynthetic species are?

The additional pigments allow the species containing them to harvest energy from the wavelength of light that the other photosynthetic species cannot see

Which of the following best describes a structural difference between DNA and RNA?

The backbone of DNA contains deoxyribose, whereas the backbone of RNA contains ribose.

Hey spherical bacteria cell has a radius of three... Which statement correctly indicates the cell that is able to more efficiently exchange materials with the external environment and provide a correct explanation?

The bacterial cell, because it has the largest surface to volume ratio

Which of the following statements about glucose, galactose, and fructose is most likely true?

The carbohydrates have different properties because they have different arrangements of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms.

A team of biologist develop a new drug... Which of the following, if true about the drug, best supports the alternative hypothesis that the new drug will exhibit simple diffusion across plasma membrane's?

The drug is a small nonpolar molecule

A researcher proposes a model of an enzyme catalyzed reaction in which a reactant is converted to a product... Which of the following statements best helps explain how the enzyme speeds up the reaction?

The enzymes active site binds to and stabilizes the transition state which decreases the activation energy of the reaction

Which of the following is an accurate description of the process shown in Figure 1 ?

The formation of a covalent peptide bond in a dehydration synthesis reaction

A cells membrane potential is maintained... Based on the model presented in figure 1, which of the following outcomes will most likely result from a loss of protein X function?

The membrane potential will be disrupted by an increase in K+ concentration inside the cell

an Experiment to measure the rate of respiration and crickets and mice at 10°C and 25°C was performed using a respirometer... According to the data the mice at 10°C demonstrated greater oxygen consumption per gram of tissue than did the mice at 25°C. this is most likely explained by which of the following statements?

The mice at 10°C had a higher rate of ATP production than the mice at 25°C.

Which statement best helps explain the formation of the hydrogen bond represented in the figure?

The nitrogen has a partial negative charge, and the hydrogen attached to the oxygen has a partial positive charge.

Which of the following statements best helps explain the reactions specificity of an enzyme?

The shape and charge of the substrates are compatible with the active site of the enzyme.

Dialysis conc data table. A net movement of water into the beaker occurs in which of the following dialysis tubes?

Tube 6 with distilled water 40% sucrose

Which statement best describes the effect on water transport across a cell membrane if the aquaporin in the figure ceases to function.?

Water molecules will still be able to move across the cell membrane but at a slower rate.

A feature of organic compounds NOT found in inorganic compounds is the presence of

carbon atoms covalently bonded to each other

Two different models of a living soul are represented in the figure. Of the two cells represented in the figure which would likely be more efficient at exchanging substances with the surrounding environment?

cell a (square) because it has the larger surface area to volume ratio

When a substance moves across the plasma membrane along a concentration gradient at a rate faster than would be expected by simple diffusion alone but without the expenditure of a metabolic energy the process is best described as

facilitated diffusion

During respiration most ATP is formed as a direct result of the net movement of

protons down a concentration gradient

rate of contraction(y) and osmorality(x) graph. Which of the following is the correct explanation for the data?

the concentration rate increases as the osmolality decreases because the amount of water entering the paramecia by osmosis increases

Which of the following best represents the amount of starch water and glucose in te dialysis bag over the course of the investigation?

the graph with glucose decreasing, starch the same, water increasing

Which of the following correctly illustrates a dipeptide and an amino acid in the optimal position to form a tripeptide?

A. demonstrates an ability to refine and/or interpret a representation to explain the synthesis of a biological polymer

A researcher claims that the synthesis of ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate is essential to cellular function. Which of the following statements best helps justify the researchers claim?

ATP hydrolysis is an energy releasing reaction that is often coupled with reactions that require an input of energy

Figure 1 shows a model of how a channel protein influences the movement of a particle across a cells plasma membrane. Which investigation will help determine whether the new membrane protein is a channel protein involved in membrane transport?

Add more of the proteins to the plasma membrane and measure the rate of the paticle movement

A researcher claims that increased atmospheric carbon dioxide levels cause increase growth rates in plans. Which of the following statements best supports the researchers claim?

Atmospheric carbon dioxide is the raw material for photosynthesis, which plants rely on for producing sugars and other organic compounds

The following questions refer to the following diagram. Site of glucose synthesis

B. left of smooth and rough er

Which of the following graphs is the most appropriate representation of the experimental results documented in the table?

Bar graph

the function of which of the following organelles directly requires oxygen?

mitochondrion

A pathogenic bacterium has been engulfed by a phagocytic cell as part of the non specific (innate) immune response. Which illustration best represents this?

C with bacterium and lysosome.

A student study the effects of light intensity and oxygen production in green algae... An increase in the rate of oxygen production by algae would be accompanied by a comparable increase in the rate of production of which of the following substances?

C6H12O6

Simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion are related in that both

Depend on a concentration gradient

A researcher claims that different metabolic pathways allow bacteria to use different molecules as sources of matter and energy. Which of the following statements best helps justify the researchers claim by providing a relevant example?

E. coli bacteria reproduce in liquid media containing other glucose or galactose.

A scientist claims that Elysia chlorotica , a species of sea slug, is capable of photosynthesis. Which of the following observations provides the best evidence to support the claim?

Elysia chlorotica grows when exposed to light in the absence of other food sources.

Which of the following characteristics of Figure 1 best shows that the fragment is RNA and not DNA?

The identity of each nitrogenous base

Based on the molecular structures shown in the figure, which molecule is likely to be solid at room temperature?

Palmitic acid, because the absence of carbon-carbon double bonds allows the molecules to pack closely together.

What most likely causes the trends and oxygen concentration shown in the graph above

Photosynthesis produces more oxygen than is consumed by respiration during the day.

A prokaryotic cell has which of the following?

Plasma membrane

Process in which O2 is released as a byproduct of oxidation reduction reactions

light dependent reactions of photosynthesis

The sequences for two short fragments of DNA are shown above. Which of the following is one way in which these two segments would differ?

Segment 1 would become denatured at a lower temperature than would segment 2 because A-T base pairs have two hydrogen bonds whereas G-C base pairs have three.

Which of the following best describes the effect of a greater number of cysteine amino acids on the stability of the proteins?

The change leads to increased protein stability because of an increased number of S-S bonds in the tertiary structure of the proteins.

The model below shows the structure of a protein of a plasma membrane in an animal cell. Which statement best explains the orientation of the phospholipid molecules in this model

The hydrophilic phosphate groups of the phospholipid molecules are attracted to the aqueous internal and external environment.

Which of the following best depicts the tertiary structures of the two proteins in water? The diagrams in the options are not drawn to the same scale as those in Figure 1 and Figure 2.

The two images looking bunched up

Which of the following best describes the structures of carbohydrates?

They occur as monomers, chains of monomers, and branched structures.

A researcher claims that some bacteria contain factors that influence the function of a particular enzyme but other bacteri do not... Which of the following statements best justifies the inclusion of test tubes three and seven in the experiment?

They will show whether the isolated cellular contents have enzymatic activity

In a mesophyll cell of a leaf, the synthesis of ATP occurs in which of the following? (Ribosomes, Mitochondria, Chloroplasts)

mitochondria and chloroplasts

changing the shape or morphology of the mitochondrial inner membrane can change the efficiency of a mitochondrial function. Which of the following outcomes will most likely result from a change in the shape of the mitochondrial inner membrane from a highly folded surface to a smooth flat surface?

mitochondria will become less efficient because the surface area of the inner mitochondrial membrane's will decrease

Process in which sugar is oxidized to pyruvic acid

glycolysis

If, instead of the bag, a potato slice were placed in the beaker of distilled water, which of the following would be true of the potato slice.

it would gain mass

Oxygen consumption can be used as a measure of metabolic rate because oxygen is

necessary for ATP synthesis by oxidative phosphorylation

Which of the following statements best explains the process of passive and active transport?

passive transport is the movement of substances down a concentration gradient that does not require metabolic energy. Active transport is the movement of substances a big concentration gradient that requires energy.