AP Bio: take home assessment

33) The following characteristics all helped seedless plants become better-adapted to land except A) a dominant gametophyte. B) vascular tissue. C) a waxy cuticle. D) stomata. E) a branched sporophyte.

A) a dominant gametophyte.

57) The larvae of some insects are merely small versions of the adult, whereas the larvae of other insects look completely different from adults, eat different foods, and may live in different habitats. Which of the following most directly favors the evolution of the more radical, kind of metamorphosis? A) limited resources B) increasing oxygen content of the biosphere C) the evolution of meiosis D)volcanoes in the environment E) the felt need to introduce variety into the species

A) limited resources

12) Of all the organisms, the prokaryotes have the greatest range of metabolic diversity. Among the prokaryotes listed below, which are currently the most important ecologically? A) nitrogen fixers B) obligate anaerobes C) thermoacidophiles D)chemoautotrophs E) extreme halophiles

A) nitrogen fixers

47) Which of the following flower parts develops into a seed? A) ovule B) ovary C) fruit D) style E) stamen

A) ovule

43) The following statements are all true of the monocots except A) they are currently thought to be polyphyletic B) the veins of their leaves are parallel to each other. C) they, along with the eudicots, Amborella, and water lilies, are currently placed in the phylum Anthophyta. D) they possess a single seed leaf. E) there are no exceptions among the statements listed above.

A) they are currently thought to be polyphyletic

37) Which of the following is an ongoing trend in the evolution of land plants? A) decrease in the size of the leaf B) reduction of the gametophyte phase of the life cycle C) elimination of sperm cells or sperm nuclei D) increasing reliance on water to bring sperm and egg together E) replacement of roots by rhizoids

B) reduction of the gametophyte phase of the life cycle

44) Which function is, at least partly, performed by cells that are no longer alive? A) stomatal opening and closing in angiosperms B) water transport in angiosperms C) water transport in gymnosperms D) structural support in gymnosperms E) transport of sugars in gymnosperms

B) water transport in angiosperms

30) Plant spores give rise directly to A) sporophytes. B) gametes. C) gametophytes. D) sporophylls. E) seeds.

C) gametophytes.

26) The largest seaweeds belong to which group? A) Cyanobacteria B) Rhodophyta (red algae) C) Chlorophyta (green algae) D) Phaeophyta (brown algae) E) Euglenozoa

D) Phaeophyta (brown algae)

31) Which of the following was not a challenge for survival of the first land plants? A) sources of water B) sperm transfer C) desiccation D) animal predation E) support against gravity

D) animal predation

49) What is a characteristic of all fungi? a. heterotrophic nutrition b. saprobic lifestyle c. multicellularity d. dikaryotic hyphae e. parasitism

a. heterotrophic nutrition

62) the following are all protostomes except a. mollusks b. echinoderms c. segmented worms d. insects e. spiders

b. echinoderms

19) In what ways are all protists alike? They are all A) multicellular B) photosynthetic C) marine D) nonparasitic E) eukaryotic

e) eukaryotic

15) What do the archaea used in primary sewage treatment and the archaea that help cattle digest cellulose have in common? A) They contribute to the greenhouse effect B) They live only at extremely low pH levels. C) They are nitrogen fixers. D) They possess both photosystems I and II. E) They require extremely high temperatures for reproduction.

A) They contribute to the greenhouse effect

38) The following are all advantages of seeds for survival except A) choice of germination location B) dispersal C) dormancy D) nutrient supply for embryo E) dessication resistance

A) choice of germination location

10) Which structure has been present in Earth's living organisms for the least amount of evolutionary time? A) enzymes that catalyze glycolysis B) photosystems I and II C) cell walls D) nuclei E) genes composed of DNA

A) enzymes that catalyze glycolysis

29) Which of the following is a true statement about plant reproduction? A) "Embryophytes" are small because they are in an early developmental stage. B) Both male and female bryophytes produce gametangia. C) Gametangia protect gametes from excess water. D) Eggs and sperm of bryophytes swim toward one another. E) Bryophytes are limited to asexual reproduction.

B) Both male and female bryophytes produce gametangia.

36) Which of the following is true of seedless vascular plants? A) the few seedless vascular plants still living are larger and rare B) Whole forests were once dominated by large, seedless vascular plants. C) They produce many spores, which are really the same as seeds. D) Seedless vascular plants are all homosporous. E) none of the above. vascular plants never form seeds.

B) Whole forests were once dominated by large, seedless vascular plants.

27) One of the major distinctions between plants and the green algae is that A) only green algae have flagellated, swimming sperm. B) embryos are not retained within parental tissues in green algae. C) meiosis proceeds at a faster pace in green algae than in plants. D) chlorophyll pigments in green algae are different from those in green plants. E) only plants form a cell plate during cytokinesis.

B) embryos are not retained within parental tissues in green algae.

21) According to the endosymbiotic theory of the origin of eukaryotic cells, how did mitochondria originate? A) from infoldings of the plasma membrane, coupled with mutations of genes for oxygen-using metabolism B) from engulfed, originally free-living prokaryotes C) by tertiary endosymbioses D) from the nuclear envelope folding outward and forming mitochondrial membranes E) when a protoeukaryote becomes symbiotic with a protobiont

B) from engulfed, originally free-living prokaryotes

20) The strongest evidence for the endosymbiotic origin of eukaryotic organelles is the similarity between extant prokaryotes and A) nuclei and chloroplasts. B) mitochondria and chloroplasts. C) cilia and mitochondria. D) ribosomes and nuclei E) ribosomes and cilia

B) mitochondria and chloroplasts.

34) In which of the following does the sporophyte depend on the gametophyte for nutrition? A) fern B) moss C) horsetail (Equisetum) D) both A and C E) A, B, and C

B) moss

55) The symbiotic associations called mycorrhizae are considered A) parasitic. B) mutualistic. C) commensal. D) harmful to the plant partner. E) the beginning stages of the formation of soil.

B) mutualistic.

16) Symbiosis is common among prokaryotes and probably has been for billions of years. Which of the following does not represent a known prokaryotic symbiosis? A) Some prokaryotes are pathogenic (cause illness). B)Bacteria on skin and mucous membranes can control the abundance of pathogenic microbes by outcompeting these microbes. C) Bacteria are required for the pollination of some plants. D) Bacteria in the human intestine produce essential vitamins E) Nitrogen-fixing bacteria inhabit root nodules of leguminous plants.

C) Bacteria are required for the pollination of some plants.

28) the most recent common ancestor of all land plants was most similar to modern-day members of which group? A) Cyanobacteria B) rhodophyta (red algae) C) Charophycea D) phaeophyta (brown algae) E) chrysophyta (golden algae)

C) Charophycea

24) Which of the following correctly pairs a protist with one of its characteristics? A) kinetoplastids: slender pseudopodia B) rhizopoda: flagellated stages C) apicomplexans : parasitic D) actinopoda: calcium carbonate shell E) foraminiferans : abundant in soils

C) apicomplexans : parasitic

45) The following statements are all true of angiosperm carpels except they A) are features of the sporophyte generation B)consist of stigma, style, and ovary C) are structures that directly produce female gametes D) surround and nourish the female gametophyte E)consist of highly modified sporphylls

C) are structures that directly produce female gametes

39) The following plant structures are all adaptations specifically for a terrestrial environment except A) roots B) xylem C) cell walls D) waxy cuticles E) seeds

C) cell walls

56) Both animals and fungi are heterotrophic. What distinguishes animal heterotrophy from fungal heterotrophy is that only animals derive their nutrition by A) from organic matter B) preying on animals. C) ingesting it. D) consuming living, rather than dead, prey. E) using enzymes to digest their food.

C) ingesting it.

51) The following are all characteristic of hyphate fungi (that is, fungi featuring hyphae) except A) they acquire their nutrients by absorption. B) their body plan is a netlike mass of filaments called a mycelium. C) their cell walls consist mainly of cellulose microfibrils. D) they may be saprobes, parasites, or mutualistic symbionts. E) the nuclei of the mycelia are typically haploid.

C) their cell walls consist mainly of cellulose microfibrils.

42) Which of the following are true of the food reserves of a conifer seed? They are A) the result of double fertilization. B) triploid. C) called endosperm. D) derived from gametophyte tissue. E) Both C and D are true.

D) derived from gametophyte tissue.

41) Which of the following terms is equivalent to fertilization? A) spore dispersal B) fruit formation C) pollination D) fusion of gametes E) meiosis

D) fusion of gametes

40) Conifers are noted for all of the following except A) size. B) longevity. C) utility to humans. D) great diversity of species E) success in cold climates.

D) great diversity of species

48) Which of the following flower parts develops into the pulp of a fleshy fruit? A) stigma B) style C) ovule D) ovary E) receptacle

D) ovary

32) The following are all adaptations to life on land except A) rosette cellulose-synthesizing complexes. B) cuticles. C) tracheids. D) reduced gametophyte generation. E) seeds.

D) reduced gametophyte generation.

53) In most fungi, karyogamy does not immediately follow plasmogamy, which consequently A) means that sexual reproduction can occur in specialized structures. B) results in more genetic variation during sexual reproduction C) allows fungi to reproduce asexually most of the time. D) results in dikaryotic cells. E) is strong support for the claim that fungi are not truly eukaryotic.

D) results in dikaryotic cells.

59) The most ancient branch point in animal phylogeny is that between having A) radial or bilateral symmetry. B) a well-defined head or no head. C) diploblastic or triploblastic embryos. D) true tissues or no tissues. E) a body cavity or no body cavity.

D) true tissues or no tissues.

52) The vegetative (nutritionally active) bodies of most fungi are A) usually underground. B) referred to as a mycelium. C) composed of hyphae. D) Only A and B E) A, B, and C

E) A, B, and C

7) In which of the following ways can prokaryotes be considered to be more successful on Earth than humans? A) Prokaryotes occupy more diverse habitats than humans. B) Prokaryotes have survived on Earth for billions of years longer than humans have. C) Prokaryotes are much more numerous and have more biomass than humans. D) Only B and C are correct. E) A, B, and C are correct

E) A, B, and C are correct

13) If the following events had left physical evidence of their occurrences, then which could indicate that Earth's environment was switching from a reducing one to an oxidizing one around 2.7 billion years ago? A) precipitation of iron oxide B) extinction of many anaerobic prokaryotes C) evolution of antioxidant mechanisms D) evolution of aerobic respiration E) All of the above could provide evidence of the rise of an oxidizing environment.

E) All of the above could provide evidence of the rise of an oxidizing environment.

35) Two small, poorly drained lakes lie close to each other in a northern forest. The basins of both lakes are composed of the same geologic substratum. One lake is surrounded by a dense Sphagnum mat; the other is not. Compared to the pond without Sphagnum, the pond surrounded by the moss mat should have A) lower pH B) lower numbers of bacteria C) reduced rates of decomposition D) b and c E) a, b, and c

E) a, b, and c

2) Whereas the initial oxygenation of Earth's seas and atmosphere was due to the origin of __________, a major increase in the rate of oxygenation may have subsequently coincided with the origin of __________. A) archaea . .. bacteria B) green plants . .. mitochondria C) cyanobacteria . .. chloroplasts D) anaerobic archaea . .. aerobic bacteria E) cyanobacteria . .. terrestrial plants and fungi

E) cyanobacteria . .. terrestrial plants and fungi

22) If eukaryotic cells had first evolved in an environment much lower in O2 than was actually the case, how might eukaryotes be different today? They would A) all be unicellular B) be unable to photosynthesize C) be more motile D) lack ribosomes E) lack mitochondria

E) lack mitochondria

54) Lichens sometimes reproduce asexually using A) coenocytic fungal hyphae located within photosynthetic cells. B) the fruiting bodies of fungi. C) flagellated, conjoined spores of both the fungus and alga. D) specialized conidiophores. E) small clusters of fungal hyphae surrounding photosynthetic cells

E) small clusters of fungal hyphae surrounding photosynthetic cells

60) Cephalization is primarily associated with A) adaptation to dark environments. B) method of reproduction. C) fate of the blastopore. D) type of digestive system. E)an adaptation to movement

E)an adaptation to movement

3) Which features generally characterized the animals that comprised the precambrian fauna? 1. multicellularity 2. lack of hard parts 3. small size 4. presence of mitochondria A. 1 B. 1 and 3 C. 1,3,4 D. 2,3,4, E. all of these.

E. all of these.

5) Which of these prokaryotes are most likely to be found in the immediate vicinity of active deep-sea vents? a) cyanobacteria b)archaea c)aerobically respiring bacteria d)bacteria adapted to being embedded in ice e)N2 fixing root nodule bacteria

b) archaea

18) A unicellular, noncolonial, free-living protist is, by its very nature, most likely to be A) multinucleate. B) highly specialized. C) an exceedingly complex generalist. D) destined to become an endosymbiont. E) tremendously limited in structure and function, relative to other individual cells.

c) an exceedingly complex generalist.

11) Which of the following statements about prokaryotes is correct? a. Bacterial cells conjugate to mutually exchange genetic material b. Their genetic material is confined within a nuclear envelope c. They divide by binary fission, without mitosis or meiosis d. The persistence of bacteria throughout evolutionary time is due to genetic similarity e. Genetic variation in bacteria is not known to occur, nor should it occur, because of their asexual mode of reproduction

c. They divide by binary fission, without mitosis or meiosis

61) which of the following is an incorrect assocaition of an animal germ layer with the tissues or organs to which it gives rise? a. ectoderm - outer covering b. endoderm - internal lining of digestive tracts c. mesoderm - nervous system d. mesoderm - muscle e. endoderm - internal lining of liver and lungs

c. mesoderm - nervous system

23) which of the following characteristics of chloroplasts and mitochondria are more similar to prokaryote cells than to eukaryote cells? a. enzymes and transport systems of inner membranes b. dna associated with histone proteins c. single, circular chromosome d. a and c e. a, b, and c

d. a and c (enzymes and transport systems of inner membranes and single, circular chromosome)

50) fungi are all of the following except a. predators b. decomposers c. symbionts d. absorptive heterotrophs e. autotrophs

e. autotrophs

46) A hypothetical angiosperm opens its flowers only at night.The flowers are dusky brown and emit a putrid odor. The pollinator is most likely to be which organismThe pollinator is most likely to be which organism? a. nectar eating humming bird b. nectar eating bee c. pollen eating moth d. fruit eating bat e. detritivourous (scavenging)animal

e. detritivourous (scavenging)animal