AP Bio Test 2

Which of the following must be true about the amino acids that make up the protein?

Amino acids with charged side groups are in contact with the phosphate region of the cell membrane.

Which of the following is true about the amino acids that make up a transmembrane protein?

Amino acids with nonpolar side groups are in contact with the fatty acid region of the cell membrane.

Which of the following questions would best help determine if a cell has membrane-bound organelles?

Are there distinct environments within the cell?

Which of the following questions would best help identify a compartmentalized cell?

Are there membrane-bound organelles within the cell?

Which of the following best describes how high levels of cholesterol affect the cell membrane at certain temperatures?

At low temperatures, high amounts of cholesterl increase the fluidity of the cell membrane. or At high temperatures, high amounts of cholesterol decrease the fluidity of the cell membrane.

Which of the following best explains why enzymatic reactions within the lysosome are compartmentalized?

The hydrolytic enzymes of the lysosome function best within an environment that differs from the cytosol.

Lipids are

nonpolar molecules

Which of the following best explains how compartmentalization within a cell "improves the efficiency" of cellular processes?

Compartmentalization within a cell results in a high surface-area-to-volume ratio.

Which of the following most accurately describes the movement of substances across the lipid region of the cell membrane?

Gases such as N2, 02, and CO2 can freely dissolve across the lipid region of the cell membrane.

Given the concentration gradient established by mitochondrial complex I, which of the following movements can occur?

H+ can move into the mitochondrial matrix without a direct input of energy.

Which of the following best explains how substances are transported across the cell membrane?

Hydrophilic amino acids move across the cell membrane through embedded transport proteins.

Which of the following describes how phospholipid regions are positioned in the cell membrane?

Hydrophilic phosphate regions are positioned toward aqueous environments.

Which of the following best describes how substances move across the cell membrane?

Ions move across the cell membrane through embedded channel proteins.

Which of the following is the most likely mechanism by which K+ moves across the plasma membrane of a parietal cell during gastric acid formation?

K+ passes through membrane channel proteins.

Which of the following best explains how modified proteins are transported within a compartmentalized cell?

Modified proteins are transported in vesicles that travel between membrane-bound organelles within the cell.

If ATP hydrolysis is inhibited, which of the following types of movement across a cell membrane would likely also be inhibited?

Movement of an ion against its concentration gradient

Given the concentration gradient established by the Na+/K+ ATPase, which of the following movements can occur?

Na+ can move into the cell by passive transport.

Which of the following statements is true for both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Ribosomes synthesize proteins using mRNA sequences.

Which of the following is true about the transportation of substances across the lipid region of the cell membrane?

Small nonpolar molecules can freely dissolve across the lipid region of the cell membrane.

Which of the following correctly describes how high levels of fatty acid structures contribute to the rigidity of the cell membrane?

The cell membrane becomes more rigid as the amount of saturated fatty acids with a straight structure increases.

Which of the following best describes the permeability of the cell wall?

The cell wall is a semipermeable structural boundary that allows some substances to enter the internal environment.

Which of the following best describes how kinks within lipids contribute to the fluidity of the cell membrane?

The hydrocarbon tails of unsaturated fatty acids form kinks that prevent dense packing of components within the cell membrane.

Wolman disease affects lysosomal function and results in the accumulation of lipids in the liver, spleen, intestines, adrenal glands, and lymph nodes. Which of the following best explains why excess lipids accumulate in individuals with Wolman disease?

The lysosomes contain an insufficient amount of lipid-digesting enzymes.

Which of the following is the most likely outcome of Leigh syndrome on affected mitochondria?

The mitochondria cannot produce sufficient ATP to power normal cellular processes.

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a structure found in eukaryotic cells. It is composed of two parts: the smooth ER and the rough ER.

The rough ER has ribosomes on its surface, but the smooth ER does not.

Function of ribosomes on Rough ER?

They translate mRNA into amino acid sequences.

Which of the following best describes how the central vacuole helps support the structure of a plant cell?

When the central vacuole is full of water, it applies pressure to the cell wall and maintains the shape of the cell.