AP Biology: Cell Division, Chapter 6 - The Cell Cycle
Mitosis
A method of indirect cell division in which the two daughter nuclei normally receive identical complements of the number of chromosomes characteristic of the somatic cells of the species.
S Phase
A part of the cell cycle near the end of interphase, during which DNA is synthesized; comes between the G1 and G2 phases.
Interphase
A period of intense growth and biochemical activity; when a cell is in this phase and not dividing, the chromatin is threadlike, no condensed.
G2 Phase
A period of rapid cells growth and protein synthesis during which the cell readies itself for mitosis; the phase's checkpoint arrests cells in the phase in response to DNA damage
S Phase
A phase during which the amount of DNA in the cell has effectively doubled, though the ploidy of the cell remains the same.
G1 Phase
A phase during which the biosynthetic activities of the cell, which are considerably slowed down during M phase, resume at a high rate.
G1 Phase
A phase during which the cell increases its supply of proteins, increases the number of organelles (such as mitochondria, ribosomes), and grows in size.
G1 Phase
A phase during which, once beyond the checkpoint, the cell is committed to entering a phase during which it replicates its DNA in preparation for mitosis.
G1 Phase
A phase in the cell cycle during which the cell's future can be influenced by various positive and negative signals, such as growth factors, room, and temperature.
G2 Phase
A phase in the cell cycle that follows DNA replication; during this phase, the cell checks the accuracy of DNA replication and prepares for mitosis.
Mitosis
A relatively brief phase consisting of nuclear division; the sequence of events is divided into phases, corresponding to the completion of one set of activities and the start of the next: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.
Cell Cycle
Consists of the S phase, occurring toward the end of interphase, in which DNA is synthesized; the G2 phase, a relatively quiescent period; the M phase, consisting of the four phases of mitosis; and the G1 phase of interphase, which lasts until the S phase of the next cycle.
Mitosis
Usual process of somatic reproduction of cells consisting of a sequence of modifications of the nucleus that result in the formation of two daughter cells with exactly the same chromosome and nuclear DNA content as that of the original cell.
Cell Cycle
Divided into five stages, the resting phase (G0), the first phase of growth and protein synthesis (G1), the DNA synthesis phase (S), a second phase of growth and protein synthesis (G2), and a final phase in which the cell enters mitosis (M).
Cytokinesis
During which the spindle apparatus partitions and transports duplicated chromatids into the cytoplasm of the separating daughter cells - this ensures that the daughter cells will be functional copies of the parent cell.
Cytokinesis
Occurs in conjunction with mitosis; divides the nuclei, cytoplasm, organelles and cell membrane into two cells containing roughly equal shares of these cellular components.
S Phase
Starts when DNA replication commences; when it is completed, all of the DNAs have been replicated, and each chromosome has two (sister) chromatids.
Cell Cycle
The cycle of biochemical and morphological events occurring in a reproducing cell population; it consists of the S phase; the G2 phase; the M phase; and the G1 phase of interphase.
Cytokinesis
The division of the cytoplasm of a cell following the division of the nucleus.
Cytokinesis
The division of the cytoplasm, exclusive of nuclear division, that occurs during the final stages of mitosis and meiosis to form daughter cells.
Cytokinesis
The final stage of the cell cycle, in which the cell's cytoplasm divides, distributing the organelles into each of the two new cells.
G1 Phase
The first of four phases of the cell cycle that takes place in eukaryotic cell division; the cell synthesizes mRNA and proteins in preparation for subsequent steps leading to mitosis.
G1 Phase
The first phase within interphase, from the end of the previous M phase until the beginning of DNA synthesis.
Interphase
The interval between two successive cell divisions, during which the chromosomes are not individually distinguishable; 90% of the cell cycle.
S Phase
The part of the cell cycle in which DNA is replicated, occurring between G1 phase and G2 phase; precise and accurate DNA replication is necessary to prevent genetic abnormalities which often lead to cell death or disease.
Cytokinesis
The part of the cell division process during which the cytoplasm of a single eukaryotic cell divides into two daughter cells; begins during or after the late stages of nuclear division in mitosis and meiosis.
G1 Phase
The period in the cell cycle between the last MITOSIS and the start of DNA replication; determines whether the cell will commit to cell division or leave the cycle.
Cell Cycle
The periodic biochemical and structural events occurring during proliferation of cells such as in tissue culture; the cycle is divided into phases called G0, Gap1 (G1), synthesis (S1), Gap2 (G2), and mitosis (M).
Mitosis
The phase by which a eukaryotic cell separates the chromosomes in its cell nucleus into two identical sets in two nuclei.
Mitosis
The phase by which pairs of chromosomes condense and attach to fibers that pull the sister chromatids to opposite sides of the cell.
S Phase
The phase of the mitotic cycle during which DNA synthesis occurs; duplicates the centrosome.
Mitosis
The process in cell division by which the nucleus divides, typically consisting of four stages, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase, and normally resulting in two new nuclei, each of which contains a complete copy of the parental chromosomes.
Mitosis
The process of cell division resulting in the formation of two daughter cells, by which the body replaces dead cells; the daughter cells have identical diploid complements of chromosomes.
G2 Phase
The second gap, or growth phase of the cell cycle, consisting of the portion of interphase AFTER DNA synthesis occurs.
G2 Phase
The second growth period of the cell cycle, following DNA replication and preceding prophase, during which the cell forms the materials that make up the spindle.
G2 Phase
The second growth phase of the cell cycle, consisting of the portion of interphase after DNA synthesis occurs.
G2 Phase
The second subphase of Interphase in the cell cycle directly preceding mitosis; follows the successful completion of S phase, during which the cell's DNA is replicated.
Cell Cycle
The series of events that take place in a cell leading to its division and duplication of its DNA (DNA replication) to produce two daughter cells; divided into three periods: interphase, the mitotic (M) phase, and cytokinesis.
Cell Cycle
The series of stages through which a cell progresses when it is actively dividing; in EUKARYOTES, consists of three subdivisions of INTERPHASE (G1, S and G2) plus MITOSIS.
Interphase
The stage between two successive divisions of a cell nucleus in which the biochemical and physiologic functions of the cell are performed and replication of chromatin occurs.
Interphase
The stage between two successive divisions of a cell nucleus in which the biochemical and physiologic functions of the cell are performed and replication of chromatin occurs; chromosomes are loosely coiled and cannot be seen.
Interphase
The stage in the cell cycle during which the cell is not dividing, the chromosomes are not individually distinguishable, and such biochemical and physiological activities as DNA synthesis occur.
Cell Cycle
The succession of events that culminates in the asexual reproduction of a cell; the parent cell doubles its volume, mass, and complement of chromosomes, and divides in half to yield two genetically identical offspring.
S Phase
The synthesis phase of the cell cycle; the portion of interphase during which DNA is replicated.
Mitosis
The usual process of reproduction of cells consisting of a sequence of modifications of the nucleus that result in the formation of two daughter cells with exactly the same chromosome and nuclear DNA content as that of the original cell.
