AP Biology Ch.19-20 quiz

When using a cladistic approach to systematics..

shared primitive characters are considered the most important for classification.

If a population contains genetic variation, then under the influence of evolution, the best sequence of events that could occur would be...

1. a change occurs in the environment. 2. poorly adapted individuals have decreased survivorship. 3. well adapted individuals leave more offspring than do poorly adapted individuals. 4. genetic frequencies within the population change.

Natural selection is based on the following: 1. genetic variation exists within populations. 2.individuals who survive longer tend to leave more offspring than those who die young. 3.the best adapted individuals tend to leave more offspring. 4.populations tend to produce more individuals than the environment can support. except

5.individuals adapt to their environments and thereby evolve.

During a study session about evolution, one of your fellow students remarks, "The giraffe stretched its neck while reaching for higher leaves; its offspring inherited longer necks as a result." The statement that is most likely to be helpful in correcting this student's misconceptions is...

Characteristics acquired during an organisms life are generally not passed on through genes.

Two plant species live in the same biome but in different continents. Although the two species are not at all closely related, they may appear quite similar as a result of...

Convergent evolution

DDT was once considered a "silver bullet" that would permanently eradicate insect pests. Today, instead, DDT is largely useless against many insects. Which would have been required for this pest eradication to be successful in the long run?

None of the individual insects should have possessed genomes that made them resistant to DDT.

Currently, two extant elephant species(x and y) are placed in the genus Loxodonta, and a third species(z) is placed in the genus Elephas.

So therefore Species X and Y share a grater number of homologies with each other than either does with species Z.

Members of two different species possess a similar looking structure that they use in a similar fashion to perform the same function. The info that would best help distinguish between an explanation based on homology versus one based on convergent evolution is ...

The two species share many proteins in common, and the nucleotide sequences that code for the proteins are almost identical.

The most important feature that permits a gen to act as a molecular clock is...

having a reliable average rate of mutation.

Bones in the bat wing and bones in the human forelimbs are best examples of ...

homologous structures.

Cladograms(a type of phylogenetic tree ) constructed from evidence from molecular systematics are based on similarities in ...

mutations to homologous genes

The best classification system is that which most closely ...

reflects evolutionary history.

The legless condition that is observed in several groups of extant reptiles is the result of ...

several instances of the legless condition arising independently from each other.