AP Biology Evolution Review

Structures as different as human arms, bat wings, and dolphin flippers contain many of the similar bones. How do biologists interpret theses similarities?

- By identifying the bones as being homologous. - By proposing that humans, bats, and dolphins share a common ancestor.

Ichthyosaurs were aquatic dinosaurs. Fossils show us that they had dorsal fins and tails just as fish do, even though their closest relatives were terrestrial reptiles that had neither dorsal fins nor aquatic tails. The dorsal fins and tails of ichthyosaurs and fish are?

- Examples of convergent evolution. - Adaptions to a common environment.

Given a population that contains genetic variation, what is the correct sequence of events, under the influence of natural selection?

1.) A new selective pressure arises 2.) Poorly adapted individuals have decreased survivorship. 3.) Differential reproduction occurs. 4.) Allele frequencies within the population change.

Which of the following is NOT an inference of natural selection?

A.) Subsesequent generations of a population should have greater proportions of individuals that possess favorable traits. B.)An individual organism undergoes evolution over the course of its lifetime. C.) Often, only a fraction of offspring survive, because there is a struggle for limited resources. *B

The Hawaiian islands are a great showcase of evolution because of intense?

Adaptive radiation and sympatric speciation.

Which of the following pieces of evidence most strongly supports the common origin of all life on Earth?

All organisms use essentially the same genetic code.

Through time, the movement of people on Earth has steadily increased. This has altered the course of human evolution by increasing?

Gene flow.

Some species of Anopheles mosquito live in brackish water, some in running water, and others in stagnant water. What type of reproductive barrier is most obviously separating these different species?

Habitat Isolation

Most copes of harmful recessive alleles in a sexual species are carried by individuals that are?

Heterozygous for the allele.

Which factor is the most important in producing the variability that occurs in each generations in humans.

Sexual recombination.

According to the concept of punctuated equilibrium, the "sudden" appearance of a new species in the fossil record means that?

Speciation occurred rapidly in geologic time.

All of the following are critical for maintain Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium involving two alleles.

The frequency of all genotypes must be equal.