AP Biology Final BYU Unit 4

Human insulin is synthesized commercially by using Aspergillus. E. coli. Penicillium. Agrobacterium.

E. coli.

What is the special function of the codon AUG? Intron START STOP Lys

START

If the following sequence of DNA is transcribed, what would the mRNA strand look like? ATCGGTACAGGA ATC GGT ACA GGA TUA CCT AGA GGA UAG CCA UGU CCU TAG CCA TGT CCT

UAG CCA UGU CCU

What part of the DNA gets taken out during RNA processing in eukaryotes? 5' cap exons poly-A tail introns

introns

The poly-A tail is added to help with exiting the nucleus. to help the DNA find a ribosome for translation. to protect the end from degradation. to dictate which portions of the DNA will be introns and exons.

to protect the end from degradation.

What amino acid does the codon GCU code for? (Hint: use a codon table) STOP Arg Ala Ser

Ala

Which component is not directly involved in translation? ribosomes mRNA tRNA DNA

DNA

Select the best example of transgenic DNA. DNA found in transgenic plants DNA made from a pig and inserted into a human DNA that results when the sperm enters the egg DNA made from different sources but not found in nature

DNA made from a pig and inserted into a human

Select the best example of recombinant DNA. DNA made from a pig and inserted into a human DNA that results when the sperm enters the egg DNA made from different sources but not found in nature DNA found in transgenic plants

DNA made from different sources but not found in nature

Which of the following is true of an anticodon? It is complementary to the corresponding triplet in rRNA. Different amino acids can attach to it. It is found on the tRNA. It is the part of tRNA that bonds to the amino acid.

It is found on the tRNA.

Which of the following is not true of a codon? It consists of three nucleotides. It is made of DNA. tRNAs have an anticodon that will match up with the codon. It may code for the same amino acid as another codon.

It is made of DNA.

Which of the following statements about the DNA in one of your brain cells is true? It is the same as the DNA in one of your heart cells. The majority of genes are likely to be transcribed. Most of the DNA codes for protein.

It is the same as the DNA in one of your heart cells.

I worked in a lab studying genetic diseases. We had samples of DNA from hundreds of people. If we were getting low on a person's sample (which would halt our study) and we needed more, instead of calling that person back to get them to donate more DNA, we could use this technology to generate more DNA from the sample we already have. gel electrophoresis PCR southern blotting GMO

PCR

What attaches to the promoter region of DNA in order for transcription to occur? amino acids tRNA RNA polymerase mRNA

RNA polymerase

Which of the following is true of GMOs? They can spread and you would have no idea if the organism was GM or not. They are created by generating genomic DNA fragments with restriction endonucleases. They are genetically identical to organisms found in the wild. They are created by introducing recombinant DNA into an organism through a vector.

They are created by introducing recombinant DNA into an organism through a vector.

An operon includes a promoter, repressor, operator, and genes. the genes needed to obtain a desired function. eukaryotic DNA. lac and trp.

a promoter, repressor, operator, and genes.

Which of the following mutations would be most likely to have a harmful effect on an organism? a single nucleotide deletion in the middle of an intron a base-pair substitution a deletion of three nucleotides a single nucleotide insertion at the beginning of the coding sequence

a single nucleotide insertion at the beginning of the coding sequence

Where does translation take place? at the endoplasmic reticulum in the nucleus in the cytoplasm at a ribosome

at a ribosome

What would occur if the repressor of an inducible operon were mutated so it could not bind the operator? continuous transcription of the operon's genes buildup of a substrate for the pathway controlled by the operon reduced transcription of the operons' genes irreversible binding of the repressor to the promoter

continuous transcription of the operon's genes

Muscles cells differ from nerve cells mainly because they express different genes. have unique ribosomes. contain different genes. have different chromosomes.

express different genes.

What is the name of the process when segments of DNA are separated based on the size of the molecules using an electric charge? PCR gel electrophoresis molecular cloning southern blotting

gel electrophoresis

The processes that control the turning on or turning off of a gene is considered inducible operon. DNA methylation. negative regulator. gene expression.

gene expression.

Genetic recombination is when homologous chromosomes exchange DNA (crossing over). an organism is unaffected by the actions of an antibiotic. an enzyme breaks down proteins. a gene from one organism is introduced to another organism.

homologous chromosomes exchange DNA (crossing over).

Where does transcription take place? in the nucleus at a ribosome at the endoplasmic reticulum in the cytoplasm

in the nucleus

The "molecular scissors" used in genetic engineering are called DNA polymerase. restriction endonuclease. DNA ligase. helicase.

restriction endonuclease.

What was the first successfully cloned animal? mule sheep dog cat

sheep

If a particular operon encodes enzymes for making an essential amino acid and is regulated like the trp operon, then the amino acid acts as a corepressor. the amino acid inactivates the repressor. the enzymes produced are called inducible enzymes. the repressor is active in the absence of the amino acid.

the amino acid acts as a corepressor.

Cell differentiation always involves the movement of cells. the production of tissue-specific proteins, such as muscle actin. the selective loss of certain genes from the genome. the cell's sensitivity to environmental cues.

the production of tissue-specific proteins, such as muscle actin.

Which of the following is an example of post-transcriptional control of gene expression? the addition of methyl groups to cytosine bases of DNA the binding of transcription factors to a promoter the removal of introns and splicing together of exons gene amplification contributing to cancer

the removal of introns and splicing together of exons

When tryptophan is present, RNA polymerase will transcribe the genes. the repressor is unable to bind to the operator. the trpE gene will be transcribed. the repressor binds to the operator.

the repressor binds to the operator.